Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0002871 (anemia)
 52,094 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We examined the effects of administration of two hypothalamic neurohormones, TRH and GnRH, for 3 days in five anemic male dialysis patients and five age-matched normal male volunteers. Patients on chronic hemodialysis have abnormal hypothalamo-hypophyseal thyroid and gonadal functions, including blunted TSH response to TRH, hyperprolactinemia, elevated basal levels of LH with exaggerated response to GnRH, and depressed FSH secretory response to GnRH. After correction of anemia with exogenous erythropoietin, these dialysis patients were given a single injection of the same hypothalamic hormones. The repeat studies after the correction of anemia showed normalization of 1) the TSH response to TRH, 2) basal GH and PRL levels, and 3) the FSH response to GnRH. Although these patients appear to have biochemical evidence of testicular failure, the gonadotropin response (FSH) to GnRH was not exaggerated. In addition, there was no increase in total T4 and free T4 after TRH administration. Although a free T3 response to TRH was present, it was remarkably blunted compared to that of controls. At the present time, it is not known whether these hormonal responses after the correction of anemia are due to better oxygenation or a trophic action of the erythropoietin.
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PMID:Hypothalamo-hypophyseal thyroid and gonadal function before and after erythropoietin therapy in dialysis patients. 174 Apr 85

Plasma levels of follitropin (FSH), lutropin (LH) and testosterone (TE) were estimated in 5 anaemic haemodialyzed patients before and after 3 months of erythropoietin treatment (EPO group), in 5 male haemodialyzed patients with a haematocrit value of 33% (which was of the same magnitude as the post-treatment haematocrit value in the EPO group) and in 15 male healthy subjects. After EPO treatment, haematocrit values rose from 23.0 +/- 0.9 to 34.6 +/- 0.75%. EPO treatment induced a significant suppression of basal plasma FSH and LH levels, while plasma TE levels slightly increased. After EPO treatment, the response of plasma FSH and LH to luliberin administration was significantly reduced. As the endocrine profile of EPO-treated patients differed from that of haemodialyzed patients showing a similar haematocrit value, it seems that EPO-induced hormonal changes are not or not only related to improvement of anaemia. Normalization of the pituitary-gonadal feedback in EPO treatment seems to participate in the pathogenesis of improved sexual activity in these patients.
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PMID:Influence of erythropoietin treatment on follitropin and lutropin response to luliberin and plasma testosterone levels in haemodialyzed patients. 212 18

The anaemia, leucopenia, thrombocytopenia and impaired DNA and RNA synthesis in the bone marrow of hypophysectomized rats could be restored by syngeneic pituitary grafts placed under the kidney capsule, or by treatments with ovine or bovine prolactin or growth hormone. Treatment with ACTH, FSH, LH and TSH had no effect in this respect. These results indicate that bone marrow function is regulated by the pituitary gland.
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PMID:Pituitary dependence of bone marrow function. 246 58

A 13 year old boy with Blackfan-Diamond anemia treated with frequent transfusions was investigated for endocrine abnormalities. Prepubertal plasms LH and FSH values, lack of sleep-related hormone rhythms of the gonadotropins, as well as prepubertal responses of LH and FSH to acute stimulation with LHRH strongly suggests that a hypothalamic-pituitary abnormality is the cause of the hypogonadotropic hypogonadism observed in this patient. As a result of impaired stimulation of the gonads plasm testosterone was prepubertal. A three-to fourfold increase of basal plasma PRL values was found without any signs of a typical sleep-dependent increase. Values obtained ranged between 21 ng/ml and 24 ng/ml (normal range 5-8 ng/ml). A normal response to TRH stimulation was found. These results suggest that hemosiderosis may be responsible for the hyperprolactinemia as a result of hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction. Furthermore, dysfunction is demonstrated by prepubertal responses of LH and FSH to LHRH stimulation.
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PMID:Endocrine studies in Blackfan-Diamond anemia: evidence for hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction under frequent transfusion therapy. 677 97

Six patients with symptomatic leiomyomata uteri and in whom surgical treatment was indicated received, during 3 months, intramuscular leuprolide acetate, 3,75 mg monthly, in order to 1) achieve a reduction of myomata size and 2) recover an anemic patient before surgery. In every patient, amenorrhea was induced since the second month of treatment. A significant decrease of myomas sizes was achieved. The reduction of the volume of the largest myoma in each case, varied between 51% and 77% (x = 60% +/- ES 4,3) LH and estradiol plasma levels diminished significantly and FSH did not changed in response to treatment. Side effects were well tolerated. Hot flashes were present in all patients, headaches in 2 and loss of strength in 2. Surgery was accomplished after 3 months of treatment. Myomectomy was performed in 5 cases and total hysterectomy in 1. Uterine shrinkage and the period of amenorrhea induced by Lupron-depot facilitated hysterectomy and myomectomy techniques and the recovery of one patient with a severe anemia.
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PMID:[Size reduction of uterine myomas with monthly administered leuprolide acetate]. 756 60

The present study aimed to assess the influence of long-term therapy with recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) for 12 months on follitropin (FSH), lutropin (LH), testosterone (TE) and estradiol (E2) serum concentrations in hemodialyzed males with chronic renal failure. Two groups of hemodialyzed males with chronic renal failure were examined. The first one consisted of 20 male patients with uraemia and renal anaemia (haematocrit value < 28%). Eleven of them were treated with rHuEPO for 12 months in order to achieve and maintain a target haematocrit value (Hct) of 30-35% (EPO group). The remaining 9 male patients were only carefully monitored both clinically and biochemically (No-EPO group). Patients of both groups (EPO and No-EPO) were intensively supervised according to the same clinical and biochemical protocol. Before (0) and after 3, 6, 9 and 12 months of the study, blood samples were withdrawn for the estimation of blood haemoglobin concentration, Hct, erythrocyte count, serum ferritin concentration, transferrin saturation and serum concentrations of FSH, LH, TE and E2. In patients of the EPO group a marked increase while of the No-EPO group, a slight, but statistically significant increase of the Hct value was found after 9 and 12 months and of E2 concentration after 3, 6, 9 and 12 months of clinical monitoring. In contrast in patients of the EPO group a statistically significant decrease of serum FSH and LH concentrations (during the first 9 months of treatment) and an increase of serum TE and E2 concentrations was observed. From results obtained in this study the following conclusions may be drawn: 1. The degree of anaemia does influence significantly the hormonal profile of the pituitary-gonadal axis in haemodialyzed males with chronic renal failure. 2. rHuEPO therapy for 12 months does exert a significant, although transitory (confined to the first 6-9 months of therapy) suppressive effect on serum follitropin and lutropin levels but increases serum testosterone and estradiol levels in these patients. 3. Alterations of both haematological parameters and of hormone serum levels of the pituitary-gonadal axis observed in EPO treated patients do not seem to be due only to the administration of this hormone.
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PMID:[Influence of long-term erythropoietin (rHuEPO) therapy on the function of the pituitary-gonadal axis in hemodialyzed male patients with end stage renal failure]. 859 49

A total of 34 kidney transplant recipients (18 infertile and 16 fertile) and 31 nontransplant persons (15 infertile and 16 fertile) were included in this study. All subjects were assessed clinically and by measurement of basal concentrations of total testosterone, FSH, cyclosporine whole blood trough levels, serum creatinine, haemoglobin and semen analysis using computer-aided sperm analysis (CASA) as well as scrotal ultrasonography to evaluate testicular dimensions. Our results demonstrate a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in sperm concentration, the percentage of motile spermatozoa, straight line velocity (VSL), linearity (LIN) and velocity of average path (VAP) among infertile transplant patients in comparison with the fertile transplant group. Serum testosterone, FSH levels and testicular dimensions did not differ significantly (p > 0.05) between fertile and infertile transplant recipients. Both sperm concentration and VSL were inversely correlated to the cyclosporine whole blood trough levels (p < 0.05). The time spent on haemodialysis was inversely correlated (p < 0.05) with the percentage of motile spermatozoa and the amplitude of lateral head displacement (ALH). In conclusion, CASA is valuable in evaluation of sperm motility in infertile renal transplant patients. Stabilization of the cyclosporine whole blood trough level within the target therapeutic level and correction of anaemia (if any) could improve the fertility potential in kidney transplant recipients.
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PMID:Assessment of sperm motion characteristics in infertile renal transplant recipients using computerized analysis. 905 19

The aim of the study was to assess the efficacy of low-dose subcutaneous recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEpo) therapy in hemodialysis patients with particular emphasis on their quality of life. Twenty five anemic (Ht25%) patients (14 males and 11 females, age 39-13 years) with end-stage renal disease were given rHuEpo (initial dose: 52.5 +/- 2.5 IU/kg/week; maintenance dose: 67.0-10.5 IU/kg/week) once or twice weekly for 12 months. Quality of life, assessed by self-administered questionnaire (1-3 scale), was measured every month. Additionally, sexual functions (-1 up to 3 scale, basal level 0), including libido and sexual satisfaction, and serum sex hormones (testosterone, LH, FSH, prolactin) were evaluated every 6 months. During first 4 months of the therapy there was a significant increase of Ht (21.1 +/- 0.5% vs 28.5 +/- 0.6%; p < 0.0001), which was maintained for the whole study period. From the 3rd month in majority of patients a marked (p < 0.01) improvement in their physical fitness, mood and cold tolerance was noted. Despite a substantial increase in sexual satisfaction (p < 0.01) and libido (p < 0.001), no significant changes in serum sex hormones profile, except transient rise in serum prolactin level, were observed. It is concluded that low-dose rHuEpo therapy for the renal anemia of hemodialysis patients is associated with a sustained significant improvement in their quality of life and sexual functions, despite no significant changes in sex hormones serum levels.
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PMID:[Effect of low-dose recombinant humane erythropoietin therapy on the quality of life in patients with anemia in the course of end-stage renal failure treated with dialysis]. 912 2

The recent advances in the knowledge of the psychoneuroimmunological pathogenesis of human neoplasms have demonstrated the existence of feed-back mechanisms operating between interleukins and endocrine secretions, which play an important role in the regulation of the immune responses, including the anticancer immunity. In contrast, few studies only have been performed to investigate the possible relation between endocrine activities and hematopoietic growth factors. The present study was performed to analyze the acute endocrine effects of erythropoietin-alpha (EPO) on the main endocrine secretions. The study was carried out in 10 advanced solid tumor patients. EPO was injected subcutaneously at a dose of 10,000 U, and venous blood samples were collected before and 2, 4 and 6 h after EPO administration. No significant changes in mean serum levels of FSH, LH and TSH were seen in response to EPO. Cortisol and DHEAS concentrations increased after EPO injection, whereas those of PRL decreased, but none of these differences was statistically significant. Finally, mean serum levels of both growth hormone (GH) and somatomedin-C (IGF-1) significantly decreased after EPO administration. This preliminary study shows that EPO may inhibit GH secretion from the pituitary gland and IGF-1 production. Since GH would stimulate EPO release, the results of this study may suggest the existence of feedback mechanism operating between GH secretion and EPO production, with inhibitory effect of EPO on GH secretion, and stimulatory action of GH on EPO production. Therefore, this study would describe the first example of hemato-endocrine feedback mechanisms. Moreover, this study, by showing an inhibitory effect of EPO on IGF-1 secretion, would suggest a possible use of EPO in the medical oncology not only for the treatment of cancer related anemia, but also to counteract tumor growth by blocking IGF-1 production, which has been proven to be a growth factor for several tumor histotypes. Obviously, IGF-1 is not the only tumor growth factor, but it could play a fundamental role in the regulation of production and activity of several other tumor growth factors. In any case, this study describes the only acute endocrine effects of EPO. Therefore, further studies, by evaluating the endocrine effects of a chronic treatment with EPO, will be required to establish which may be its effect on IGF-1 endogenous production, and its consequence on survival time.
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PMID:Endocrine effects of erythropoietin in cancer patients. 1576 75

Hereditary galactosemia is a biochemical genetic disease due to a deficiency of galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase (GALT) enzyme activity (OMIM 606999). Acute manifestations occur in the neonatal period and are, with rare exceptions, related to lactose ingestion. They include poor feeding and growth, emesis, jaundice, liver disease, bleeding diathesis, anemia, renal tubulopathy, cataracts, encephalopathy and death from E. coli sepsis. Chronic manifestations, which also develop in prospectively treated patients, involve (a) the brain, resulting in delayed language acquisition, speech defects, and learning problems, and (b) the ovary, in the majority of females, producing hypergonadotropic hypogonadism. The serum FSH level is elevated in infancy/early childhood in many, but not all patients with a severe phenotype. There are few reports of patients with classic galactosemia having undergone pregnancy, labor, and delivery. The pathologic findings in the ovary, including a persistence of primordial follicles and streak gonads, have been variable. The etiology of primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) in galactosemia is unknown. Clinical surveillance includes screening for abnormalities in ovarian function at an early age. Treatment consists of estrogen/progesterone supplementation at the appropriate age. Reduced BMD has been reported. Future research is needed (1) to delineate the mechanisms behind reduced ovarian function in these young women; (2) to determine the timing of the lesion: prenatal, postnatal, and both pre- and postnatal; (3) to determine whether elevated galactose-1-phosphate is both necessary and sufficient to induce primary ovarian insufficiency; and (4) to understand the mechanism(s) behind the reduced BMD seen in children and adolescents with galactosemia.
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PMID:Galactosemia and amenorrhea in the adolescent. 1857 15


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