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Query: UMLS:C0002871 (anemia)
 52,094 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The red cell indices and results of globin chain synthesis in peripheral blood of obligate beta 0 thalassemia (beta 0 thal) carriers (parents of homozygous beta 0 thal children) and beta thalassemia (beta thal) carriers identified during mass screening are reported. Red cell indices were similar in obligate beta 0 carriers and in carriers diagnosed during mass screening. However there was a higher incidence of anemia in female obligate beta 0 thal carriers. In Sardinia the beta 0 thal carrier showed the usual hematological characteristics of the high Hb A2 beta thal carrier with microcytosis, hypochromia, reduced osmotic fragility; Hb F greater than 1% was found in 30% of the carriers. With MCV, MCH, osmotic fragility test (OFT) and Shine and Lal discriminant function we found 3.5%, 1.5%, 3.5% and 4.0% respectively false negatives in carrier identification. A part from one subject, all obligate carriers had elevated Hb A2 levels. The alpha/beta ratio in obligate carriers (mean +/- SD) was 1.83 +/- 0.26 (N = 30).
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PMID:Beta 0 thalassemia trait in Sardinia. 45 22

Plasma iron turnover (PIT) has been measured by means of 59Fe in rats treated with the haemorrhagic venom of the Gaboon viper (Bitis gabonica). Venom was administered on 3 occasions over a period of 9 days and after this time PIT had fallen from 1045 micrograms/kg/day in normal animals to 449 micrograms/kg/day in envenomated animals. Plasma iron half-life was markedly increased from 64.8 min to 417.6 min and this change was associated with a reduced uptake of 59Fe by the liver. However, marrow and spleen uptake of 59Fe was normal, as were the red-cell indices, MCH, MCV and MCHC. There was a slight reduction in total red-cell numbers and haemoglobin concentration as a result of the mild internal haemorrhage induced by the venom. It is concluded that Gaboon viper venom produces a marked disturbance of iron handling by the liver without an associated change in erythropoiesis. The mild haemorrhage was insufficient to produce a microcytic hypochromic anaemia. The results of the study provide further confirmation of the belief that standard ferrokinetic measurements give only limited information on erythropoietic status.
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PMID:The effect of Gaboon viper venom on iron exchange in the rat. 50 89

The disturbed balance of globin chain synthesis is a major factor in the pathophysiology of the thalassaemic disorders; this concept is strongly supported by the study of a patient displaying an extreme but symmetrical deficit of both major types of chains alpha and beta. The patient had a mild clinical picture but presented a striking hypochromia (MCH 10 pg) with compensatory erythrocytosis (RBC 10(12)/l.). Study of the propositus and his family by haematological, biochemical and biosynthetic techniques indicates that the patient carries two alpha- and two beta-thalassaemia genes resulting in balanced globin chain synthesis; in addition, several members of the family carry two or three abnormal genes. During observation a change in the haematological pattern occurred with a shift towards more intensive beta-chain and away from gamma-chaim synthesis; this appeared with be associated with improvement of his anaemia through more effective erythropoiesis.
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PMID:A unique thalassaemic syndrome: homozygous alpha-thalassaemia + homozygous beta-thalassaemia. 69 15

Patients treated when phenytoin for periods of several months or years have slightly, but significantly lower whole blood and red cell folate values than comparable controls. This holds true irrespective of whether folate is determined microbiologically with Lactobacillus casei or by a radioligand method using the bovine milk binder. Haematological parameters including Hb, MCH, MCV and red blood cell counts did not show any alterations and no patient developed any signs of anaemia. This indicates that long-term use of phenytoin does not cause a clinically significant state of folate deficiency, unless some other contributing factors are present.
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PMID:Long-term of phenytoin: Effects on whole blood and red cell folate and haematological parameters. 84 Dec 72

A study was made of the routine electronic measurements of erythrocyte size and hemoglobin concentration in blood samples from 122 patients with decreased transferrin saturation and 66 patients with elevated levels of hemoglobin A2 or F. The medical histories of these patients were reviewed to identify 52 cases of uncomplicated iron-deficiency anemia and 39 cases of uncomplicated thalassemia minor. Four decision functions were compared for separating these two disorders. The functions evaluated were: D.F'. = MCV--[5 X Hb]-RBC; ratio MCV/RBC; ratio MCH/RBC, and RBC. The rules performed better in the uncomplicated cases than in the routine laboratory defined cases. Only minor differences in the performances of the various decision functions were observed. None was sufficiently accurate for final diagnosis, but they should have value in screening patients and in determining which additional test should be considered.
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PMID:Routine erythrocyte measurements in diagnosis of iron-deficiency anemia and thalassemia minor. 98 94

Levels of platelets and other hematological values were monitored in 21 Saimiri and 12 Aotus monkeys over a period of three weeks post-infection with monkey-adapted Indochina CDC-1 strain of Plasmodium falciparum. In both Saimiri sciureus boliviensis and Aotus nancymai karyotype-1 monkeys the severest thrombocytopenia was observed at 14 days post-infection coinciding with peak parasitemia, neutropenia, lymphocytosis, and anemia associated with severe hemoglobinemia and elevated fibrinogen degeneration products(FDP's). MCH and MCV profiles in Aotus monkeys decreased with ascending parasitemia. In contrast, these parameters in Saimiri were characterized by a significant compensatory increase correlating with parasitemia. In general, thrombocytopenia was one of the earliest clinical manifestations of the infection with the platelets returning to normal levels shortly after peak parasitemia at 14 days. Platelet kinetics had a strong correlation with hematologic and parasitologic values in the Aotus model. No consistent associations were observed between platelet kinetics and other parameters in the Saimiri model. These data indicate that the Aotus model for malaria is more predictable than the Saimiri. Further, platelet turnover rates and recovery provide a useful prognostic parameter during malaria infection. The results are discussed in relation to the value of the two species of monkeys as models for the pathogenesis of human malaria.
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PMID:Platelet kinetics and other hematological profiles in experimental Plasmodium falciparum infection: a comparative study between Saimiri and Aotus monkeys. 142 30

A preliminary baseline survey was conducted to estimate the prevalence of anaemia in a group of 391 children aged 6-60 months, randomly selected from three urban slums of Karachi. Haemoglobin and the red cell indices including haematocrit, MCV, MCH, MCHC, RBC and red cell distribution width (RDW) were estimated for each of the selected children. Ferritin estimation was done on 354 (91%) children to assess the iron storage status. According to WHO criteria, the accepted cut-off point for anaemia screening in children is set at 11 gm/dl, 70 fl and 20 pg for haemoglobin, MCV and MCH respectively. Following these criteria, 118 (30%) children were classified as normals (Hg = greater than 11 gm/dl) and 273 (70%) as anaemic (Hg = less than 11 gm/dl). Of the 354 ferritin estimations, 225 (64%) children had ferritin levels lower than normal (less than 11 ng/ml) and 128 (36%) had ferritin levels within normal limit (11-120 ng/ml). From this group, a total of 61% (214/354) children were classified as microcytic hypochromic (MIH) and 11% (39/354) of which had normal ferritin levels suggesting the presence of thalassemia minor trait. The overall results obtained indicate that iron deficiency anaemia is highly prevalent among these children.
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PMID:Prevalence of iron deficiency anaemia in children of the urban slums of Karachi. 150 88

The two main causes of microcytic and hypochromic anaemia are iron deficiency and thalassaemia traits. Discriminant analysis based on a simple combination of classical red cell indices have been used to differentiate between iron deficiency anaemia and thalassaemia with varying degree of accuracy. Two new indices are now available from modern cell counters: red cell distribution width (RDW) and haemoglobin concentration distribution (HDW). Our discriminant analysis suggests that RBC, MCHC and RDW contribute significantly to the differentiation between iron deficiency anaemia and thalassaemia in both healthy donors and hospital-patient groups. In the discriminating process, previous workers have overlooked the heterogeneity of anaemia between anaemic groups as well as biological differences in MCV and MCH among the alpha and beta thalassaemia subjects. This study took into account of these biases and proved, for the first time, that differentiation between iron deficiency and thalassaemia by discriminant analysis was clinically reliable and not significantly biased by the severity of anaemia. The diagnostic accuracy of discriminant analysis was confirmed retrospectively by the reallocation algorithm using the jack-knife principle and prospectively by testing the discriminant functions on independent new samples. Selection of the red cell indices contributing to the discrimination of microcytic hypochromic anaemia was based on biological and statistical considerations. The clear separation of red cell index data of iron deficiency anaemia and thalassaemia traits was shown 3-dimensionally by surface plots.
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PMID:Discriminant analysis of iron deficiency anaemia and heterozygous thalassaemia traits: a 3-dimensional selection of red cell indices. 177 89

In order to know the incidence of risk factors predisposing children to pneumonia, case control study was carried out in six MCH Model Counties in 1986. Single factor analysis showed 29 factors were responsible for the increasing incidence of pneumonia. 13 of 29 factors were major pneumonia risk factors by the standard of means greater than 15 and OR greater than 3. They were malnutrition, anemia, riskets, pneumonia history, repeated colds, chronic diarrhoea, congenital malformation, asphyxia neonatorum, amniotic fluid aspiration, artificial feeding, too much clothing, family member with acute respiratory illness (ARI) and contact with ARI patients. Among them 7 factors were related to individual health condition. Therefore, it is important to improve general health of children so as to reduce the incidence of pneumonia.
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PMID:Case-control study on pathogenesis of pneumonia in children aged 0-2 years. 187 91

The effect of chronic subcutaneous administration of lead acetate was studied in female rabbits. The low-dose group (15 animals) received three times a week 0.10-0.20 microgram/kg body weight and the high-dose group (15 animals) 0.80-1.20 micrograms/kg. The control group received the vehicle only. Concentrations of lead in blood in the low-dose group increased to ca. 400 micrograms/l after 70 days and in the high-dose group to ca. 900 micrograms/l after 110 days. After 7.5 months eight animals of each group were sacrificed. The remaining rabbits were kept for an additional 4 months without treatment. Blood lead concentrations decreased with a half-time of 60-70 days. During exposure the gain in body weight was lower in the high-dose group than in the control group and the low-dose group. The high-dose group developed slight anaemia and low MCV, MCH and MCHC, and basophilic stippling of erythrocytes. These effects disappeared during recovery. ALAD activity in erythrocytes was very low during exposure in both exposed groups and did not reach control values during recovery. During exposure the concentrations of ZPP and ALA-U increased, but only ALA-U returned to normal during recovery. No other effects of lead on the composition of the urine were observed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Toxicity of lead acetate to female rabbits after chronic subcutaneous administration. 1. Biochemical and clinical effects. 207 26


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