Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0002871 (anemia)
 52,094 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The tumour-derived factor PTH-related protein (PTHRP) is the primary humoral factor responsible for hypercalcaemia in patients with solid tumours. In a woman presenting with anaemia and hypercalcaemia, the finding of raised plasma PTHRP and undetectable serum PTH concentrations led to further investigations and the subsequent identification of a uterine tumour. No evidence of tumour spread was found at operation, and removal of the tumour resulted in normalization of both serum calcium and plasma PTHRP. Expression of PTHRP by the tumour was shown by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. We conclude that the identification of an occult tumour in a patient with hypercalcaemia and raised plasma PTHRP provides evidence of the diagnostic utility of PTHRP immunoassays in the investigation of patients with hypercalcaemia and suspected malignancy.
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PMID:Parathyroid hormone-related protein as a tumour marker in humoral hypercalcaemia associated with occult malignancy. 783 Nov 84

Paraneoplastic manifestations are present in up to 20% of patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC). There is convincing evidence that RCC tumor cells elaborate proteins that serve as mediators of endocrine (eg, ectopic production of parathyroid hormone-related protein or erythropoietin) as well as nonendocrine paraneoplastic syndromes. A paraneoplastic syndrome may be the initial clinical presentation of RCC in a significant number of patients, and recognition of these syndromes may facilitate early diagnosis. Most paraneoplastic syndromes associated with RCC remit after resection of the primary RCC or treatment of metastatic sites. The natural history of metastatic RCC is extremely variable. A significant proportion of patients may survive several years with slowly progressing metastatic disease. In these patients, the accurate diagnosis and management of paraneoplastic syndromes may be important in palliative management. Except for hypercalcemia, conventional medical therapies are seldom helpful. Other paraneoplastic manifestations of RCC include cachexia, fever, hepatic dysfunction, anemia, and amyloidosis, although our understanding of the underlying pathophysiology remains incomplete.
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PMID:Paraneoplastic manifestations of renal cell carcinoma. 894 20

Growth retardation is a major obstacle to full rehabilitation of children with chronic renal failure (CRF). Several factors have been identified as contributors to impaired linear growth and they include protein and calorie malnutrition, metabolic acidosis, growth hormone resistance, anemia, and renal osteodystrophy. Although therapeutic interventions such as the use of recombinant human growth hormone, recombinant human erythropoietin, and calcitriol have made substantial contributions, the optimal therapeutic strategy remains to be defined. Indeed, growth failure persists in a substantial proportion of children with renal failure and those treated with maintenance dialysis. In addition, the increasing prevalence of adynamic lesions of renal osteodystrophy and its effect on growth have raised concern about the continued generalized use of calcitriol in children with CRF. Recent studies have shown the critical roles of parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) and the PTH/PTHrP receptor in the regulation of endochondral bone formation. The PTH/PTHrP receptor mRNA expression has been shown to be down-regulated in kidney and growth plate cartilage of animals with renal failure. Differences in the severity of secondary hyperparathyroidism influence not only growth plate morphology but also the expression of selected markers of chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation in these animals. Such findings suggest potential molecular mechanisms by which cartilage and bone development may be disrupted in children with CRF, thereby contributing to diminished linear growth.
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PMID:Growth retardation in children with chronic renal failure. 1049 Dec 15

Two adult dogs were evaluated for hypercalcemia. Diagnostic evaluation identified elevated parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) and presumptive humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy. At necropsy, schistosomiasis was diagnosed. North American schistosomiasis is caused by Heterobilharzia americana. Clinical findings may include dermatitis, coughing, diarrhea, and anorexia. Clinicopathological findings may include hypercalcemia, hyperglobulinemia, hypoalbuminemia, anemia, and eosinophilia. Diagnosis by fecal examination is difficult. Praziquantel or fenbendazole treatment may be curative or palliative. These are the first reported cases of hypercalcemia with elevated PTHrP in animals without diagnosed malignancy. Elevation of PTHrP has not been previously reported in hypercalcemic humans or in animals with granulomatous inflammation.
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PMID:Elevated parathyroid hormone-related protein and hypercalcemia in two dogs with schistosomiasis. 1145 Aug 35

Cytokines have not been employed in clinical laboratory tests because of the many biological activities of individual cytokines and too complicated cytokine network. However, abnormal laboratory data and symptoms can be interpreted by blood cytokine levels. [Cytokines attributable to abnormal data and symptoms] For example, cytokines attributable to abnormal data and symptoms in rheumatoid arthritis are as follows: joint pain: TNFalpha, IL-1, IL-6, and IL-18; general fatigue and appetite loss: TNFalpha and IL-1; leukocytosis: G-CSF produced by IL-1-stimulated macrophages etc; thrombocytosis: megakaryocyte potentiating activity of IL-6; anemia: hepcidin up-regulated by IL-6, which inhibits iron absorption from the intestine, and IL-1, which decreases the blood iron level and promotes ferritin synthesis. [Differential diagnosis using blood cytokine levels] Blood cytokine levels are useful and important in the differential diagnosis of inflammatory disorders such as neutrophilia, eosinophilia, and especially in distinguishing tumoral fever from infectious fever in malignant lymphomas. [Disease/disorder-specific cytokines] In recent years, disease- or disorder specific cytokines have been identified, making cytokines more important in clinical use. For example, IL-18 for adult-onset Still disease; IFNgamma for hemophagocytic syndrome; IL-5 for allergic disorders; thrombopoietin for immune thrombocytopenic purpura; vascular endothelial growth factor for POEMS syndrome; PTH-rP for malignancy associated hypercalcemia. [Flow cytometric measurement of cytokines] Recently, a flow cytometric method has been developed in addition to ELISA. With this method, 30 cytokine concentrations can be measured simultaneously within four hours with a wide range of detection limit and high cost performance. Cytokines will be included in laboratory tests with this method.
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PMID:[Blood cytokine levels as a clinical laboratory test]. 1744 72

Humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy (HHM) is a paraneoplastic syndrome primarily caused by a tumor-producing parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTH-rP). We describe the first reported case of a uterine carcinosarcoma causing HHM. A 70-year-old patient was transferred to our hospital for a uterine tumor accompanied by impaired consciousness. The laboratory tests indicated anemia, malnutrition, elevated serum calcium and elevated PTH-rP. Emergency surgery, including abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, was performed due to uncontrollable uterine bleeding. The pathological diagnosis was carcinosarcoma consisting of pure squamous cell carcinoma in its epithelial component. Postoperatively, chemotherapy with paclitaxel and carboplatin was performed. The patient had recurrent tumors at the para-aortic lymph nodes 11 months after the initial surgery and underwent a pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenectomy, which removed all of the recurrent tumors.
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PMID:Humoral hypercalcemia caused by uterine corpus carcinosarcoma consisting of squamous cell carcinoma in its epithelial component. 2403 61