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Query: UMLS:C0002871 (anemia)
 52,094 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The clinical and immunological features of fifteen cases of cryptogenic pulmonary eosinophilia are reported. There were ten women (mean age 35.4 years) and five men (mean age 42 years). Eight gave a previous history of asthma and seven had none. Thirteen of the fifteen patients had negative skin test to common allergens. Many features of a systemic illness were present in the asthmatic and non-asthmatic groups including anaemia, weight loss, fever and a grossly raised ESR. An absolute polymorphonuclear leucocytosis was frequent as well as the obligatory increase in blood eosinophils used as one of our criteria for inclusion. Hepatomegaly (three cases), splenomegaly (four cases) and hilar node enlargement (one case) were seen in the group without asthma. Evidence of renal involvement or necrotizing vasculitis was notably absent and the response to small doses of corticosteroids was dramatic. Immunologically the striking feature was a disproportionate increase in blood eosinophils compared with only minor elevations in the total serum IgE levels. This stands in contrast to patients with bronchopulmonary aspergillosis and helminth infestation. Studies of cytophilic antibodies using histamine liberation after challenge with antibodies to immunoglobulin sub-classes in six patients showed a marked increase in IgG2 and lesser increases of IgE and IgG3. No evidence of antibodies specific to A. fumigatus was found. The amount of cytophilic antibody was also in contrast to that found in bronchopulmonary aspergillosis.
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PMID:Cryptogenic pulmonary eosinophilia. 5 41

In 40 cases of haemolytic disease of the fetus due to RhD immunization where the fetus required intrauterine transfusion, fetal packed cell volume was compared with the following parameters of maternal anti-D: (a) concentration, (b) IgG subclass, (c) activity in a macrophage binding assay, and (d) activity in a monocyte antibody-dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) assay. The anti-D concentration exceeded 4 iu/ml in all cases, correctly indicating the risk of haemolytic disease. A relationship between IgG subclass composition of the anti-D and severity of anaemia was not observed; IgG1, IgG3 and IgG1 + 3 antibodies were all detected. The ADCC assay gave the best correlation between assay results and fetal packed cell volume; high results correctly indicated fetal anaemia in 95% of cases. Macrophage binding assay results were only considered as high in 70% of cases. Overall, these results indicate that serological tests and bioassays in highly immunized mothers may not generate any information that proves more useful than ultrasonography and their previous obstetric history.
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PMID:Mononuclear phagocyte assays, autoanalyzer quantitation and IgG subclasses of maternal anti-RhD in the prediction of the severity of haemolytic disease in the fetus before 32 weeks gestation. 153 16

Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis (LCM) virus, substrain Docile, causes a chronic infection in adult C3HeB/FeJ mice. The virus also induces a severe anemia which, unlike the viremia, eventually resolves. Initially, there is frank bone marrow deficit, but the anemia persists well beyond a strong erythroid compensatory response. An immune-mediated basis for the hemolytic anemia was suggested by its abrogation in cyclophosphamide-treated mice, as well as an abnormal number of spherocytes in the circulation. We now show by ELISA assay, using either anti-mouse Ig or RBC membrane ghosts as catching antigen, that unusually high quantities of antibodies can be eluted from the RBCs of virus-infected mice. Furthermore, the high transient antibody concentration correlates with the severity of the anemia. With no evidence for complement playing a role in the anemia, these data indicate that erythrophagocytosis (via macrophage FcRs) may be the mechanism for RBC elimination. The possibility of molecular mimicry (antibody cross-reactivity between LCM and RBC membrane epitopes) was considered but appeared unlikely since the RBC antibody eluates gave no signal in an LCM-specific ELISA (which showed an ever increasing serum titer of virus-specific antibody). Isotype determination of the RBC eluates revealed the following: IgG2a much greater than IgG1 greater than IgG2b greater than IgG3 greater than IgM. The precise role, if any, of LCM-virus induced polyclonal activation (most strikingly in the IgG2a subclass) has yet to be determined.
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PMID:The presence of an anti-erythrocyte autoantibody in C3HeB/FeJ mice after lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection. 195 12

IgG subclasses (G-sub) of warm red cell autoantibodies (anti-Rs) were examined by means of antiglobulin test (DAT) using anti-IgG1, 2, 3, and IgG4 sera (Holland Red Cross) on 12 AIHA, and on 5 cases being DAT positive caused by alpha-methyldopa (alpha MD). In 4 of 5 AIHA cases complicating SLE, the anti-Rs comprised not only IgG, but also IgA, IgM and C3; their G-sub were IgG1 + 2 in 2 and IgG1 + 2 + 3 + 4 in the other 2. In all of the 3 cases with idiopathic AIHA, anti-Rs comprised IgG alone (IgG1 alone, IgG1 + 3 or IgG1 + 2 + 3 in each one). All of the 5 alpha MD induced anti-Rs comprised IgG1 alone. Observation of the course of AIHA revealed that, although IgG3 tended to correlate with their anemia, this trend was not universal. Besides, the G-sub were not related to the anti-Rs titers. Furthermore, the immunological aberrations in patients with AIHA + SLE were found to be more complicated.
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PMID:[IgG subclasses of warm red cell autoantibodies in autoimmune hemolytic anemia]. 224 36

A patient with IgG3 lambda plasma cell myeloma characterized by anemia, hypercalcemia, hypoalbuminemia, renal insufficiency, osteolytic bone lesions, and serum and urinary light chains inadvertently received a dose of intravenous melphalan considerably greater than standard. A complete remission ensued characterized by normal protein and bone marrow studies. Healing of bone lesions occurred. This and two somewhat similar happenstances producing rare complete remissions in myeloma may have significant chemotherapeutic ramifications.
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PMID:Multiple myeloma--complete remission with high dose melphalan chemotherapy. 397 Nov 99

A panel of 11 IgG monoclonal antierythrocyte antibodies was generated by fusing spleen and bone marrow cells from unimmunized New Zealand black mice with the nonsecreting murine plasmacytoma cell line P3.X63.NS1. The monoclonal antibodies were detected by indirect hemagglutination of unaltered erythrocytes from several strains of mice. Seven of the antibodies cross-reacted with rat erythrocytes, but none of the antibodies agglutinated erythrocytes from any other species tested. Seven of the monoclonal antibodies were also capable of fixing rabbit complement. In vivo studies utilizing these 11 IgG-secreting hybridomas were performed in syngeneic BALB/c mice. Mice injected with nine of the hybridomas showed positive direct antiglobulin test results but did not become anemic. In contrast, hybridoma 114, secreting an IgG3 antibody, and hybridoma 245, secreting an IgG1 antibody, were both capable of mediating an acute, rapidly fatal hemolytic anemia. Intraperitoneal injection of hybridomas 114 and 245 resulted in positive direct and indirect antiglobulin test results, decreased hematocrit level, and reticulocytosis 3 to 6 days after cell injection. The mice survived a mean of 8 days, and death was associated with severe anemia and spontaneous erythrocyte agglutination. Autopsy studies revealed hepatosplenomegaly, small mesenteric tumor (hybridoma) mass, and no ascites. The liver and spleens were characterized histologically by erythrophagocytosis, extramedullary hematopoiesis, and hemosiderin deposition. Acute hemolytic anemia in BALB/c mice mediated by hybridomas 114 and 245 represents a new animal model that can be used to further define the mechanisms of immune hemolytic disease.
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PMID:Monoclonal antibody-induced murine hemolytic anemia. 648 Dec 19

Haemolytic disease of the newborn due to rhesus anti-e alone is a rare occurrence. This condition is described in the second child of an R2R2 mother who had not previously been transfused. The antibody was of IgG subclasses IgG1 + IgG3 and was detectable on the baby's cells for 4 months after birth. The anaemia was mild and persisted for the same period.
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PMID:Haemolytic disease of the newborn due to Rhesus anti-e antibody. 679 58

The IgG subclass and Gm allotype distribution of red cell-bound IgG molecules from Gambian children with past or present falciparum malaria has been determined. The results show that the antibody is polyclonal with some predominance of the IgG2 and IgG4 subclasses. A restriction towards IgG2 antibodies may indicate specificity for a schizont-derived antigen which is carbohydrate in nature. Not all the allotypes normally carried by the G3m(b) allele could be demonstrated on IgG3-sensitized cells, a finding which remains unexplained. Expression of G3m(10), (11) and (14) allotypes of the IgG3 molecule was noted. Sensitization of red cells with IgG1 molecules correlated with the presence of anaemia but red cells sensitized with IgG2, IgG3 or IgG4 usually came from children with haematological findings within the normal range for that population. The implications of the results are discussed with reference to the few reports on the subclass and Gm allotype of malaria-specific IgG.
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PMID:Direct antiglobulin reactions in Gambian children with P. falciparum malaria. III. Expression of IgG subclass determinants and genetic markers and association with anaemia. 700 93

Using two different kinds of monoclonal autoantibodies, anti-mouse RBC (MRBC) autoantibodies and IgG3 rheumatoid factor (RF) cryoglobulins, we have attempted to better define the molecular and cellular basis of the pathogenicity of autoantibodies. Among eight anti-MRBC monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) obtained from NZB mice, only five of them are able to cause anemia. The distinct differences in specificity between pathogenic and non-pathogenic anti-MRBC mAbs emphasize the importance of autoantibody specificity for the pathogenesis of autoimmune hemolytic anemia. Histological examination has revealed that Fc gamma receptor-mediated erythrophagocytosis and sequestration of agglutinated RBC in spleens and livers are the major pathogenic mechanisms of hemolytic anemia. This indicates that the affinity of autoantibodies for the Fc gamma receptors of phagocytes and/or the ability to cause hemagglutination, both of which vary among immunoglobulin isotypes, are additional factors determining the pathogenic activity of anti-MRBC autoantibodies. Studies on a panel of anti-IgG2a RF mAbs derived from MRL-lpr/lpr mice have demonstrated that only the IgG3 isotypes of RF mAb are able to generate cryoglobulins and to induce skin leukocytoclastic vasculitis and glomerulonephritis in normal mice. Although the cryoglobulin activity of RF mAb associated with the IgG3 isotype has been shown to be solely responsible for the generation of glomerular lesions (both RF and cryoglobulin activities are necessary for cutaneous vascular lesions), the absence of nephritogenic activity by some IgG3 monoclonal cryoglobulins supports the idea that qualitative features of cryoglobulins are critical to determine their pathogenic activities. Of interest, IgG3 autoantibodies lacking the cryoglobulin activity may not be harmful, but even protective against the development of IgG3 cryoglobulin-mediated tissue lesions, because they inhibit the cryoglobulin formation of pathogenic IgG3 autoantibodies as a result of their nonspecific IgG3 Fc-Fc interaction. Our results on monoclonal autoantibodies clearly indicate the importance of certain subpopulations of autoantibodies in the pathogenesis of autoantibody-mediated cellular and tissue injuries.
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PMID:Molecular and cellular basis for pathogenicity of autoantibodies. 780 5

Anaemia has been reported to be a symptom of schistosomiasis mansoni. In other chronic infectious diseases, anti-red blood cell (RBC) antibodies have been suggested or shown to play a role in anaemia by participating in either complement or macrophage-dependent RBC elimination. To examine whether such a situation could be contributing to the anaemia of schistosomiasis, we examined RBC taken from infected mice for surface-bound antibodies. Our data show that prior to the onset of egg production infected mice have plasma haemoglobin levels that are indistinguishable from age matched controls (AMC). However, consistent with previous reports, following the initiation of egg laying, infected mice have significantly lower haemoglobin levels than AMC. Surface-bound IgM, IgG1 and IgG3 on RBC from infected mice increased markedly after egg laying began. Levels of RBC-associated IgG2b were similar on RBC from infected and normal mice. Antibody production against RBC was Th cell-dependent since it did not occur in mice depleted of CD4+ cells. Antibodies eluted from RBC of infected mice bound to isolated membranes of RBC from AMC and to a soluble extract of schistosome eggs. Furthermore, antibodies in serum from mice carrying patent infections bound to the membranes of RBC from normal mice. Taken together, these data suggest that schistosome eggs induce an antibody response which may cross react with a RBC surface antigen.
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PMID:Increased CD4+ T cell-dependent anti-erythrocyte antibody levels following the onset of parasite egg production in Schistosoma mansoni infected mice. 783 96


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