Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0002871 (anemia)
 52,094 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 66 year old patient with diabetes had a necrolytic migratory erythema, weight loss and anaemia. Plasma immunoreactive glucagon (IRG) of 2465 pmoles/l (normal 35 +/- 5 SEM pmoles/l) suggested the existence of a glucagonoma which was confirmed by arteriography and subsequently removed by surgery. Although plasma IRG returned to normal, glucose tolerance and insulin secretion remained pathological. Plasma amino acid levels had been reduced but were corrected by surgery. Pancreatic polypeptide, however, 298 pmoles/l before was still 206 pmoles/l after the operation (normal 12-48 pmoles per litre). Column chromatography of plasma and tumor extracts showed quantitatively important IRG fractions with molecular weights above 9000 daltons, possibly precursors of glucagon. Beside a 50-fold IRG excess, the tumour concentrations of insulin and somatostatin were 4 to 150 times increased. By contrast, pancreatic polypeptide was present in normal amounts. Electron microscopic examination showed atypical A-cell granula and unusual abundance of mitochondria.
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PMID:In vitro and in vivo studies on glucagonoma tissue. 610 27

A 60-year-old patient developed signs and symptoms of glucagonoma syndrome (dermatitis, weight loss, anemia and hypoaminoacidemia). However, diabetes mellitus was absent. Glucagonoma was suspected because of markedly elevated plasma glucagon levels and the tumor was subsequently removed by surgery. Acidethanol extraction of the tumor and immunohistochemistry provided evidence of the presence of all four islet hormones, particularly that of glucagon and pancreatic polypeptide and to a lesser extent of somatostatin and insulin. Immunohistochemistry of the tumor (but not plasma) also showed the presence of alpha-HCG. Plasma glucagon immunoreactivity consisted to a large extent (approx. 90%) of a high molecular form of glucagon, probably proglucagon. In spite of the presence of alpha-HCG - which is assumed to be a marker of malignancy - the patient has been free of recurrence for the 2 1/2 years since surgery. The increasing number of cases reported during the past few years demonstrates that the syndrome is more common than previously suspected. Glucagon secretion and its typical clinical picture may be a valuable marker of a multihormonal pancreatic tumor. In a case of suspected glucagonoma, diagnosis can be established simply by obtaining a plasma glucagon level measurement.
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PMID:[Glucagonoma syndrome in a multihormonal pancreatic tumor]. 628 78

As already reported short-term rHuEpo treatment influences plasma insulin, glucagon, pancreatic polypeptide (PP), and gastrin secretion in haemodialysed patients. The present study aimed to assess the influence of long-term rHuEpo treatment on secretion of above mentioned hormones. A total of 27 haemodialysed patients and nine healthy subjects were examined. Nine patients with uraemic anaemia were treated with rHuEpo for 12 months (Epo group) while another nine patients did not receive rHuEpo (non-Epo group), but were monitored biochemically and clinically as patients of the Epo group. The third group (HD) comprised nine haemodialysed patients with a haematocrit value of > or = 30% without rHuEpo therapy. In all subjects plasma levels of insulin, glucagon, gastrin, and PP were estimated before and after administration of a test meal. Patients of the Epo group were examined before and after 6 and 12 months of rHuEpo treatment (patients of the Epo group) or clinical monitoring (patients of the non-Epo group) respectively, while only one test was performed in patients of the HD group and healthy subjects. Six months of rHuEpo treatment was followed by an increase of fasting insulinaemia and a decrease of basal plasma level of glucagon and PP. At that time point rHuEpo therapy also increased the response of insulin, glucagon, and gastrin to the test meal.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Influence of long-term erythropoietin treatment on insulin, glucagon, pancreatic polypeptide, and gastrin secretion in haemodialysed patients. 807 22

The study aimed to assess the influence of long-term rhu-EPO treatment on secretion of pancreatic polypeptide (PP) and gastrin. A total of 27 haemodialysed patients and nine healthy subjects were examined. Nine patients with uraemic anaemia were treated with rhu-EPO for 12 months (EPO group), while another nine patients did not receive rhu-EPO (non-EPO group), but were monitored biochemically and clinically as patients of the EPO group. The third group (HD) comparised nine haemodialysed patients with a haematocrit value > or = 30% without rhu-EPO therapy. In all subjects plasma levels of PP and gastrin were estimated before and after administration of a test meal. Patients of the EPO and non-EPO group were examined before and after 6 and 12 months of rhu-EPO therapy (EPO group) or clinical monitoring (non-EPO group) respectively, while only one test was performed in patients of the HD group and healthy subjects. Six months rhu-EPO therapy was followed by an decrease of basal plasma level of PP and increased response of gastrin to the test meal. After 12 months of rhu-EPO therapy basal plasma level of PP was still lower, the response of PP secretion to a test meal was higher, while that of gastrin secretion lower that the pretreatment ones. Our results suggest, that rhu-EPO treatment exerts effect on secretion of PP and gastrin. These alterations seem not to be related to improvement of the haematological status.
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PMID:[Influence of long-term human recombinant erythropoietin treatment on secretion of pancreatic polypeptide and gastrin in hemodialysed patients with chronic renal failure]. 883 57

This article describes a newly recognized highly malignant neoplastic entity in young bearded dragons (Pogona vitticeps), gastric neuroendocrine carcinomas, which readily metastasize. Ten bearded dragons with histories of anorexia (8), vomiting (3), hyperglycemia (2), and anemia (3) were included in this study. All animals had neoplastic masses in their stomach, with metastasis to the liver. Microscopically, 6 of these neuroendocrine carcinomas were well-differentiated and 4 were poorly differentiated. For further characterization, immunohistochemistry for protein gene product 9.5, neuron-specific enolase, endorphin, chromogranins A and B, synaptophysin, somatostatin, insulin, glucagon, gastrin, pancreatic polypeptide, and vasoactive intestinal peptide was performed on 5 animals. Because only immunolabeling for somatostatin was consistently observed in all neoplasms, a diagnosis of somatostatinoma was made for these 5 bearded dragons. Some neoplasms also exhibited multihormonal expression. Electron microscopy performed on 1 tumor confirmed the presence of neuroendocrine granules within neoplastic cells. Gastric neuroendocrine carcinomas, and specifically somatostatinomas, have not been previously reported in bearded dragons, or other reptiles, and may be underdiagnosed due to inconsistent, ambiguous clinical signs. In humans, pancreatic somatostatinomas are associated with a syndrome of hypersomatostatinemia, which includes hyperglycemia, weight loss, and anemia, as observed in some of these bearded dragons. Somatostatinomas in humans are commonly associated with neurofibromatosis type 1 (Von Recklinghausen's disease), caused by a mutation in the tumor suppressor gene NF1, which results in decreased expression of neurofibromin. In all 5 animals examined, neoplasms exhibited decreased neurofibromin expression compared with control tissues, suggesting that decreased functional neurofibromin may play a role in the pathogenesis of somatostatinomas in bearded dragons.
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PMID:Gastric neuroendocrine carcinomas in bearded dragons (Pogona vitticeps). 1960 3

Background: Although gangliocytic paraganglioma (GP) is considered a rare benign neuroendocrine tumor, cases of mortality have been reported. Occasionally, GP is misdiagnosed as neuroendocrine tumor G1, which is associated with a poorer prognosis than GP. To avoid such misdiagnoses, it is important to understand the clinicopathological characteristics of GP. Thus, herein, we discuss the current literature on the clinicopathological characteristics of GP. Methods: We conducted a systematic review in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement. PubMed and Japana Centra Revuo Medicina searches were used to identify papers describing GP. Inclusion criteria included confirmation of epithelioid, spindle-shaped, and ganglion-like cells in the main article and/or figures and whether the paper was cited in other studies of GP. Data were collected on age, sex, site of the primary lesion, tumor size, treatment, prognosis, lymph node metastasis (LNM), depth of tumor invasion, rate of preoperative diagnosis, and clinical symptoms. Results: In total, 162 papers containing 263 cases of GP met the criteria. The mean age at diagnosis was 53.5 years. The male-to-female ratio was 157:104. The mean tumor size was 25.7 mm. The predominant site of the primary tumor was the duodenum (89.7%). The most common clinical sign of GP was gastrointestinal bleeding (47.9%). Other signs and symptoms of GP included abdominal pain (44.7%), anemia (20.3%), incidental findings (12.9%), nausea (6.9%), weight loss (5.5%), general fatigue (5.1%), jaundice (4.6%), and incidental autopsy findings (5.1%). LNM was observed in 11.4% of patients. Liver metastasis was observed in 1.1% of patients. Depth of tumor invasion (penetrating beyond the submucosal layer or sphincter of Oddi) was by far the most significant risk factor for LNM in patients with GP. This suggests, along with histological heterogeneity, that GP may have hamartomatous characteristics. Furthermore, immunohistochemical expression of progesterone receptor and pancreatic polypeptide were useful in distinguishing between GP and neuroendocrine tumor G1, even in small biopsy specimens. Conclusions: We reveal the clinicopathological characteristics of GP, including risk factors for LNM, differential diagnostic approaches, and improvements in the clinical management of this tumor.In addition, GP may have hamartomatous characteristics.
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PMID:Diagnosis, Pathological Findings, and Clinical Management of Gangliocytic Paraganglioma: A Systematic Review. 3010 Nov 31