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Query: UMLS:C0002871 (anemia)
 52,094 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Certain disturbances in heme biosynthesis induced by aluminum chloride were examined. The experiment was performed on female rats that received AlCl3 orally at the dose 100 mg Al/kg daily for 21 d. The effects of aluminum on the activity of delta-aminolevulinic acid synthetase (ALA-S), dehydratase (ALA-D), and heme oxygenase (O.H.) were observed on 3, 7, 14, and 21 d in liver and kidneys of rats. Also the activity of ALA-D in blood and the concentration of delta-aminolevulinic acid (ALA-U) in urine were observed. Orally administered aluminum caused increase in the activity of ALA-D in the liver and blood, and parallel decrease of ALA-U in urine (r = -0.85) of rats. Aluminum chloride also induced an increase of ALA-S and O.H. in the liver but not in the kidneys. The changes of the enzymes activity participating in heme biosynthesis after administration of aluminum may be correlated with anemia and iron metabolism in rats.
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PMID:The effect of aluminum chloride on some steps of heme biosynthesis in rats after oral exposure. 751 18

An experimental study on Japanese White (JW) rabbits was conducted to clarify the sex difference in FEP level. Male and female rabbits (n = 14 of each sex) were used. The animals of the same sex were divided into 3 groups; i.e., control group (5% glucose solution only, n = 4), low lead dose group (Pb 0.4 mg/kg.BW, n = 5) and high lead dose group (Pb 2 mg/kg.BW, n = 5). Lead was injected intravenously twice a week for 5 wk. The following parameters were determined once a week for 5 wk: blood lead (Pb-B), FEP, Ht, Hb, erythrocyte ALA-D activity, erythrocyte pyrimidine 5'-nucleotidase (P5N), urinary coproporphyrin (CP-U), urinary delta-aminolevulinic acid (ALA-U), iron in serum (Fe-S), and serum GOT and GTP. Average levels of FEP in female rabbits were higher than those in males between the 1st and 3rd week after the lead injection in the low lead dose groups, and in the final week in the high lead dose groups. In the periods without lead injection, the average levels of FEP in the female groups were not significantly higher than the corresponding levels in the male groups in every week except in the first week in the control. However, the mean of FEP levels in all female rabbits without Pb treatment was higher than that in male rabbits (t-test). By the analysis of variance for the gains of FEP from the initial value, only the low lead dose group showed a significant sex difference (female > male); that is, the female group tended to increase when compared with the male group. Furthermore, the week when FEP began to increase in the female groups was earlier than that in the male groups in the low lead dose group. In the high lead dose group, both sexes reacted to the lead exposure from the same early week. As for the parameters of anemia, the average levels of Ht and Hb tended to be lower in females than in males, but Fe-S levels were not affected by lead in both sexes and no consistent sex difference could be observed. By lead exposure, ALA-D and P5N were inhibited, and ALA-U was increased, but these parameters showed no evident sex difference. The average levels of CP-U tended to be higher in females than in males in the administration of low lead dose and to be inversely higher in males than in females in the administration of high lead dose.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Sex difference in free erythrocyte protoporphyrin (FEP) level. IV. Sex difference in FEP level in rabbits exposed to lead. 844 24

Anemia, one consequence of aluminum toxicity, may be due to inhibition of enzymes in the heme biosynthetic pathway. In this study, the in vitro effect of aluminum on rat liver and erythrocyte delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (delta-ALA dehydratase), an enzyme that is sensitive to a number of metal ions, was investigated. The presence of 1-10 microM AlCl3 caused a concentration-dependent inhibition of liver delta-ALA dehydratase activity. The Ki for AlCl3-induced inhibition of delta-ALA dehydratase was 4.1 microM, and 10 microM AlCl3 virtually abolished delta-ALA dehydratase activity (99% inhibition). Erythrocyte delta-ALA dehydratase was also inhibited by similar concentrations of AlCl3 and displayed a Ki of 1.1 microM. AlCl3 (5 microM) decreased the Vmax by 50% but did not change the Km, suggestive of reversible, noncompetitive inhibition. Sodium citrate (50 microM) when added with AlCl3 completely restored delta-ALA dehydratase activity to basal levels. Thus, disruption of delta-ALA dehydratase occurred at low micromolar levels of AlCl3 in vitro, which may help to explain abnormalities in the heme pathway in cases of aluminum poisoning.
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PMID:Kinetics of aluminum-induced inhibition of delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase in vitro. 878 12

We report a case of anemia due to chronic lead poisoning. A 46-year-old female was admitted to our hospital because of general fatigue and anemia. A peripheral blood smear showed basophilic stippling. There was basophilic stippling and nuclear dysplasia of erythroblasts in the bone marrow. Laboratory findings were as follows: RBC 296 X 10(4)/microliter, Hb 8.5 g/dl, blood lead concentration 67 micrograms/dl, urinary lead concentration 309 micrograms/l, blood delta-ALA dehydrase 0.03 mumol/ml, urinary delta-ALA 25.2 mg/l, urinary coproporphyrin 8,810 micrograms/g.Cr, and blood protoporphyrin 612 micrograms/dl. Chronic lead poisoning was diagnosed and she was treated with Ca-EDTA.
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PMID:[Anemia due to chronic lead poisoning]. 896 Jun 71

The workers were classified into two groups according to their median value of blood and urine lead levels and urine ALA levels. The group of workers whose blood lead levels were in a lower range (1-15 micrograms/dl) exhibited significantly lower hematocrit, hemoglobin and erythrocytes than the group of the workers whose blood lead levels were in a higher range (16-39 micrograms/dl) (P < 0.001). However, there were no significant differences in the mean values of hematocrit, hemoglobin and erythrocyte counts between the workers whose urine lead or ALA levels were below the median value and those whose urine lead or ALA levels were above the median value. Because the bulk of blood lead is reported to exist in the soluble fraction of erythrocytes, low levels of blood lead are believed to exhibit low levels of anemia indicators.
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PMID:A study on the relationship between blood lead levels and anemia indicators in workers exposed to low levels of lead. 934 27

Megaloblastic anemia due to folic acid deficiency and ringed sideroblastic anemia have been reported in alcohol abusers. It has also been reported that vitamin B6 deficiency causes ringed sideroblastic anemia as well as microcytic anemia that is not associated with ringed sideroblasts. We encountered a case of macrocytic anemia with anisocytosis in a 75-year-old alcohol abuser who suffered vitamin B6 deficiency. Neither megaloblastic changes nor ringed sideroblasts were observed in specimens of the patient's bone marrow. Analyses of porphyrin content and heme biosynthetic enzyme activity suggested a decline in ALA-synthase activity (an enzyme that depends on vitamin B6) as well as decreased ferrochelatase activity or abnormal iron metabolism. Abstention from alcohol led to a reduction in mean corpuscular volume and the disappearance of Pappenheimer bodies commonly observed in the red blood cells of drinkers. Follow-up supplements of vitamin B6 resolved the patient's anisocytosis and anemia.
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PMID:[Macrocytic anemia with anisocytosis due to alcohol abuse and vitamin B6 deficiency]. 986 26

The refining of silver from old silver ornaments, articles and jeweller's waste by smelting these with lead scraps for the fabrication of new jewellery is an important small scale industry in India. The present survey and clinical investigations have shown that 31 out of 50 silver refiners with a mean blood lead level of 32.84+/-1.78 microg/dl (range 20.3-64.9), decrease in blood delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) activity and thiamine (as pyruvate) level and an enhanced urinary excretion of ALA as compared to control, were suffering from lead poisoning. Most of these workers have shown anaemia, abdominal colic, blue lining of gum and muscular wasting indicative of lead toxicity. Twenty-four workers with relatively high blood lead levels were equally divided into two groups and given either vitamin B1 (75 mg, once a day) or vitamin C (250 mg. twice a day) for 1 month. The treatment with both the vitamins significantly lowered the blood lead levels and reduced blood thiamine and copper deficiency. In addition, vitamin C was also effective in reversing the inhibition of blood ALAD activity while the effect of vitamin B1 on its activity was marginal. The daily intake of vitamin B1 and vitamin C may prevent the accumulation of lead and reduce its toxic effects particularly in those regularly exposed to lead.
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PMID:Lead poisoning in Indian silver refiners. 1177 50

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of chronically administered aluminum on erythropoiesis in rats. After treatment (i.p. injections of Al(2)(SO(4))(3), 50 micromol/kg body weight, five times a week) for 3 months, the treated (Al) group showed significantly decreased hemoglobin concentration (32%) and hematocrit (24%) compared with the control group. Serum iron decreased significantly in the Al group, whereas total iron binding capacity did not change. Treatment did not alter the activity of hepatic, renal or cerebral delta-ALA-D. Biochemical measurements related to 2-thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance (TBARS) levels from serum and hepatic, renal and cerebral homogenates also did not change after treatment. Hepatic concentrations of aluminum were higher in the Al group than in the control group. Renal and cerebral aluminum concentrations did not vary between groups. The present results indicate that exposure to aluminum sulfate promotes signs of anemia in rats as a consequence of alterations in iron status.
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PMID:Effects of aluminum sulfate on erythropoiesis in rats. 1204 47

Selenium contamination in the aquatic environment can produce severe toxic effects to fish. The mammalian sulfhydryl-containing enzyme, delta-aminolevulinate dehydratase (delta-ALA-D), is inhibited after exposure to organic and inorganic forms of selenium. In the present study, the inhibitory effect of (PhSe)2, (BuSe)2, and Na2SeO3 on the activity of fish hepatic and gill delta-ALA-D was investigated and compared with the rat liver enzyme. Results indicated that delta-ALA-D activity varied considerably depending on the tissue, selenium form, and species considered. For fish (liver and gill), the IC50 values for delta-ALA-D inhibition by (PhSe)2, (BuSe)2, and Na2SeO3 were 274 and 76, 985 and 693, and 386 and 902 microM, respectively. For rat liver these values were 7, 10, and 5 microM, respectively. In contrast, fish and rat subcellular fractions similarly increased the oxidative effect of (PhSe)2 toward sulfhydryl groups from DTT. These catalytic properties of subcellular fractions from fish and rat liver were abolished by heat treatment. Taking into account that aquatic organisms can be in contact with higher concentrations of selenium for longer periods of time and accumulate more selenium than terrestrial animals, it is reasonable to suppose that fish delta-ALA-D can be a potential target for organic and inorganic selenium forms present in aquatic contaminated environments. From an ecotoxicological point of view, our results suggest a link between selenium-induced anemia signs in fish and the sensitivity of fish delta-ALA-D to selenium in natural habitats.
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PMID:Organic and inorganic forms of selenium inhibited differently fish (Rhamdia quelen) and rat (Rattus norvergicus albinus) delta-aminolevulinate dehydratase. 1572 83

In this paper, we studied the influence of uremia and hemodialysis on oxidative parameters and delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (delta-ALA-D) activity in control subjects, patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) on hemodialysis treatment (HD) and in patients not undergoing hemodialysis (ND). An increased lipid peroxidation was observed in the serum of HD and ND patients, as measured by the MDA serum levels. However, the level of MDA from erythrocytes was only elevated in HD patients. Blood catalase activity was increased in HD and ND groups. This study also showed a decreased activity of blood delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (delta-ALA-D) in both groups of patients. This study demonstrated a positive correlation between ALA-D activity and hemoglobin, suggesting that inhibition of this enzyme might enhance anemia in CRF. A negative correlation was found between the alteration in delta-ALA-D activity and oxidative stress, which may indicate that the inhibition of ALA-D can be used as an index of oxidative stress.
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PMID:Oxidative stress and delta-ALA-D activity in chronic renal failure patients. 1738 46


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