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Query: UMLS:C0002871 (anemia)
 52,094 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The measurement of erythrocyte delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALA-D) activity has been found to be a useful guide to lead exposure for screening purposes. The pH of the test should be well-controlled for adequate clinical interpretation. False-normal tests are rare even with iron-deficiency anemia or macrocytosis. Recent transfusion and recent bleeding or hemolysis with reticulocytosis tend to invalidate the test. ALA-D activity above 600 International Units effectively excludes significant lead exposure and eliminates the need for further testing. ALA-D activity is maximally depressed at a red cell lead concentration of 200 mug per 100 ml. When activity is moderately depressed, interpretation is difficult and the urinary excretion of lead after the administration of a chelating agent is usually required to differentiate the degree and significance of lead exposure.
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PMID:Erythrocyte delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase activity as a measure of lead exposure. 23 93

Flounders (Pleuronectes flesus) were exposed to sublethal levels of cadmium (5, 50, and 500 micrograms of Cd2+/liter) for periods of 4 and 9 weeks, and the hematological response as well as the effect on the activity of delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALA-D) in blood and blood-forming tissues were investigated. Significant reductions of hematocrit, hemoglobin, and red blood cell count were found in the cadmium-exposed fish. This anemic response was apparent even in flounders exposed to the lowest cadmium concentration, approximately corresponding to 1/4000 of the 96-hr LC50 value. The anemia was accompanied by a significant increase of the ALA-D activity in renal tissues. This indicates a compensatory stimulation of the introductory steps of the hemoglobin biosynthesis. However, the formation of hemoglobin does not seem to be accomplished, which might be due to a disturbed iron metabolism. The cadmium exposure also resulted in a significant increase of the number of lymphocytes, indicating an action on the immunological defense of the fish.
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PMID:The effect of cadmium on the hematology and on the activity of delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALA-D) in blood and hematopoietic tissues of the flounder, Pleuronectes flesus L. 31 13

The activity of the enzyme delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALA-D) was strongly depressed in erythrocytes, spleen and renal tissue of rainbow trouts (Salmo gairdnerii) exposed to sublethal levels of inorganic lead (10, 75 and 300 microgram Pb2+/L) for 30 days. The fish exposed to the highest lead concentration also showed an anemic response and basophilic stippling of erythrocytes. The lead exposure did not cause any alteration of the white blood cell picture. The ALA-D inhibition, the anemia and basophilic stippling seemed to persist in the lead-exposed fish even after a recovery period of seven weeks in lead-free water.
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PMID:Effects of inorganic lead on delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase activity and hematological variables in the rainbow trout, Salmo gairdnerii. 48 10

To evaluate their toxicity at the cellular level, middle molecules from uremic serum were incubated with erythrocytes from healthy subjects and the activity of the enzyme Delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydrase (D-ALA-D) and peroxidative hemolysis were investigated. Uremic middle molecules caused a significant decrease of the D-ALA-D activity of normal erythrocytes which was not due to differences in the concentrations of Pb, Cd or Zn. The decreased enzyme activity could be restored by adding reduced glutathione (GSH; 5 mmol/L) together with the middle molecules to the assay system. Uremic middle molecules caused a significant increase of peroxidative hemolysis in normal erythrocytes. Uremic middle molecules contribute to the anemia of uremic patients by impeding hemoglobin synthesis and by increasing peroxidative hemolysis, possibly by affecting SH-groups. H2O2-producing compounds should be avoided in uremic patients.
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PMID:Influence of middle molecules on the anemia of uremic patients. 74 10

Normal or increased amounts of series III porphyrins with greater amounts of series I were observed on incubation of PBG in hemolysates of congenital erythropoietic porphyria vs. normal erythrocytes, human or bovine. Correlation with reticulocyte percentage was poor, in the aggregate a general trend toward increased values of both isomers I and III was noted with increasing reticulocytes. When the percent of type III was low the net amount was increased as compared with normal. Hemolysates of non-porphyric, reticulocyte-rich red cells (hemolytic or posthemorrhagic anemia) formed only minute amounts of type I porphyrin but at the same time no more, or even less type III than the porphyric hemolysates, although representing red cells of greater reticulocyte content. No evidence of deficient heme synthesis was observed in porphyric hemolysates incubayed with [14C]-porphobilinogen or 59Fe. Other studies of porphyric hemolysates incubated with and without added mouse spleen synthetase failed to reveal evidence of an absolute UPG-III cosynthetase (Co-S) deficiency. The large increases of type I porphyrin with normal or increased formation of type III, both in the disease and in the hemolysates, are believed due to a primary increase of ALA-S or UPG-S activity rather than a decrease of Co-S. Possible mutations which might be responsible for this increase are considered.
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PMID:The activities of uroporphyrinogen synthetase and cosynthetase in congenital erythropoietic porphyria (CEP). 98 34

Available data from human subjects suggests that most of the pools of free protoporphyrin in circulating erythrocytes have T 1/2 values which range from less than 1 hour to approximately 2 weeks. An exception was observed in 2 cows with erythropoietic ("congenital") porphyria. During the several months which followed the simultaneous injection of 14C- and 3H-labelled glycine and ALA, changes in the specific activities of both free- and hemoglobin-protoporphyrin were similar. Since erythropoietic porphyria in the bovine differs from that in the human mainly in the elevated values of free erythrocyte protoporphyrin in the former, it is suggested that this prolonged T 1/2 (equal approximately to the red cell life span) may account for the elevated values seen in the bovine. Variable ratios of red cell/fecal protoporphyrin concentrations reported in other diseases are also believed to be due largely to T 1/2 differences in porphyrin pools. Recorded fluorescence and excitation spectra of blood showed the single fluorescence band of "free" porphyrin in bloods of normal and porphyric cows and of patients with erythropoietic porphyria, protoporphyria, and sideroblastic anemia. The 2 band zinc complex spectrum was found, as expected, in blood of subjects with Pb poisoning and Fe deficiency anemia. T 1/2 values of 1 to 2 weeks were calculated for red cell protoporphyrin from previously published data of patients with Fe deficiency anemia who were treated effectively with iron.
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PMID:Turnover of erythrocyte protoporphyrin, with special reference to bovine porphyria and iron deficiency anemia. 100 92

Since no information exists concerning porphyrin metabolism in uraemic patients we have measured the activities of delta-aminolaevulinic acid dehydrase (D-ALA-D) and porphobilinogen desaminase (PBG-D) in reticulocytes from uraemic patients, anaemic patients without uraemia and in healthy subjects. Despite a severe anaemia uraemic patients had the same amount of reticulocytes/mul blood. In uraemic patients D-ALA-D activity was reduced to about 20% compared to healthy subjects, PBG-D in uraemia was decreased to about 70%. It is concluded that porphyrin metabolism is altered in uraemic patients.
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PMID:Porphobilinogen and porphyrin synthesis in reticulocytes from uraemic patients. 119 62

FEP and other hematological parameters were measured in 157 healthy rural residents (98 females and 59 males). The mean FEP in females was higher than in males (p less than 0.05); mean +/- SD = 62.98 +/- 19.36 and 54.57 +/- 21.20 micrograms/dl.pcv, respectively, although both of the means were within normal limits. There was no significant sex difference in erythrocyte ALA-D activity. Whole blood lead (Pb-B) level in females showed a tendency to be lower than in males, but there was no significant sex difference in erythrocyte lead level. The mean value of hematocrit (Ht), hemoglobin (Hb) and iron in serum (Fe-S) were lower in females than in males (p less than 0.01). Serum GOT and GPT level tended to be lower in females than in males (0.05 less than p less than 0.1). There was hardly any significant relationship between Pb-B and each parameter of lead exposure, because the subjects in this study were only rural residents with no occupational lead exposure and with their Pb-B levels being extremely low. As for the parameters of anemia, Fe-S was positively correlated with Ht and Hb level and negatively correlated with FEP level. By sex, Fe-S was correlated with Ht and FEP level only in females. As for the possible reasons why FEP level in females in higher than in male, women tended to have iron-deficiency induced by blood loss due to menstruation, pregnancy, and difference in dietary pattern from males.
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PMID:[Sex difference in free erythrocyte protoporphyrin (FEP) level. I. Sex difference in FEP level in healthy rural residents]. 151 90

The patient was a left handed 25-year-old man who had worked in a vinyl chloride resin factory since July 1987 using lead stearate as a stabilizer. During the two years preceding hospitalization, he had been admitted three times for colicky abdominal pain with constipation and nausea. Anemia and proteinuria without causative diseases were pointed out. Because of progressive muscle weakness of hands which began since January 1989, he was admitted to our neurologic clinic on October 2 1989. Neurological examination showed severe atrophy of both small hand muscles without sensory disturbances. Left hand was predominantly affected, especially in interossei muscles. Laboratory findings are as follows; RBC 3.25 million/cu.mm: Hb 9.7 g/dl:blood lead concentration 100 micrograms/dl: urinary coproporphyrin 4503 micrograms/l: urinary delta-ALA 138 mg/l: and urinary lead excretion after 1 g CaEDTA infusion: 3938 micrograms/day. Electromyography of extensor carpi radialis, flexor carpi ulnaris and opponens showed increased polyphasic, long duration MUPs. Electromyography of dorsal interossei showed fibrillation. Nerve conduction study showed mildly decreased motor and sensory conduction velocities and markedly reduced amplitude of compound muscle action potentials (CAMPs). Investigation by inching method revealed conduction block of left ulnar nerve across elbow. After CaEDTA chelating therapy, 1 g once a week, steady improvement of muscular weakness was observed within a few months. Serial nerve condition studies revealed constant recovery of nerve conduction velocities, amplitude of CMAPs and diminution of conduction block across the left elbow. Conduction block across left elbow without sensory disturbances implies that subclinical cubital tunnel syndrome might have existed in this patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[A case of lead neuropathy--importance of subclinical entrapment of nerves in lead neuropathy]. 178 56

The effect of chronic subcutaneous administration of lead acetate was studied in female rabbits. The low-dose group (15 animals) received three times a week 0.10-0.20 microgram/kg body weight and the high-dose group (15 animals) 0.80-1.20 micrograms/kg. The control group received the vehicle only. Concentrations of lead in blood in the low-dose group increased to ca. 400 micrograms/l after 70 days and in the high-dose group to ca. 900 micrograms/l after 110 days. After 7.5 months eight animals of each group were sacrificed. The remaining rabbits were kept for an additional 4 months without treatment. Blood lead concentrations decreased with a half-time of 60-70 days. During exposure the gain in body weight was lower in the high-dose group than in the control group and the low-dose group. The high-dose group developed slight anaemia and low MCV, MCH and MCHC, and basophilic stippling of erythrocytes. These effects disappeared during recovery. ALAD activity in erythrocytes was very low during exposure in both exposed groups and did not reach control values during recovery. During exposure the concentrations of ZPP and ALA-U increased, but only ALA-U returned to normal during recovery. No other effects of lead on the composition of the urine were observed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Toxicity of lead acetate to female rabbits after chronic subcutaneous administration. 1. Biochemical and clinical effects. 207 26


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