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Query: UMLS:C0002871 (anemia)
 52,094 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The aim of this study was the evaluation of an immunoturbidimetric measurement procedure for the concentration of ferritin in serum, based on the new Tina-quant Ferritin reagents kit (Boehringer Mannheim) in which the antibody-coated latex particles have been modified with regard to the previous Tina-quant Ferritin reagents kit. The evaluation was carried out using the BM/Hitachi 917 Analyzer. The evaluation included the within-run and between-day imprecisions estimation, the comparison of measurement procedures and the assessment of the measuring range. An additional study of between-day imprecision was done using 4 microl and 20 microl of sample. Detection limit was studied using BM/Hitachi 917 (4 microl and 20 microl of sample), ES 300 and Cobas-Core analyzers. The coefficients of variation obtained in the between-day imprecision study are lower when 20 microl of sample is used instead of 4 microl. In the measurement procedure using 20 microl, the coefficient of variation observed at physiological concentrations is 2.4%. The detection limit with 20 microl of sample is lower than with 4 microl. Therefore, in ferropenic anaemia studies it is convenient to use the measurement procedure with 20 microl sample volumes, since it possesses the best metrological characteristics for this purpose.
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PMID:Evaluation of a new measurement procedure for the concentration of ferritin in serum. 905 55

To define the etiology of anemia post-renal transplantation, we assessed hematologic parameters and EPO levels in 38 anemic and 16 non-anemic control renal transplant recipients (RTRs) with varying degrees of allograft function at periods > 3 months post-transplantation. Significant differences between the two groups were found for serum creatinine (Cr) 291.7 +/- 26.5 vs. 203.3 +/- 26.5 mumol/l, p < 0.01; iron 9.3 +/- 0.92 vs. 13.6 +/- 1.7 mumol/l, p < 0.05; and ferritin 345.5 +/- 90.8 vs. 91.1 +/- 18.5 micrograms/l, p < 0.01. Serum EPO levels were inappropriately low in anemic patients with no significant correlation between EPO and Cr or hematocrit (Hct) levels. Serum iron was the only predictive factor for anemia on regression analysis (p < 0.05). Ferritin levels did not correlate with serum iron or Hct, and may be falsely elevated in iron deficient RTRs. Iron deficiency, poor renal function and inappropriately low EPO levels are major contributors to the 12% of our outpatient renal transplant population who are anemic.
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PMID:Anemia following renal transplantation: erythropoietin response and iron deficiency. 926 20

Aluminum toxicity is well documented but the mechanism of action is poorly understood. In renal failure patients with aluminum overload, disturbances in iron metabolism leading to anemia are apparent. Few animal models, however, have been used to study the effects of dietary aluminum on iron metabolism. The purpose of this study was to determine if dietary aluminum exposure alters tissue iron and ferritin concentrations in the chick, as has been found in cultured human cells exposed to aluminum. Groups of day-old chicks were fed purified diets containing one of two levels of iron (control or high iron), and one of three levels of aluminum chloride in a 2 x 3 factorial design. Diets were consumed ad libitum for 1 week, then pair-feeding was initiated for 2 more weeks. A seventh group consumed a low iron diet ad libitum for comparative purposes. After the 3-week feeding period, samples of kidney, liver, and intestinal mucosa were analyzed for nonheme iron and ferritin concentrations by a colorimetric assay and SDS-PAGE, respectively. Results showed that dietary aluminum intake reduced iron stores in liver and intestine, but had no effect on nonheme iron levels in the kidney. Ferritin levels were reduced by aluminum intake in all tissues studied. The decreases in tissue ferritin levels were proportionately more than the decreases in tissue nonheme iron levels. This resulted in increased nonheme iron to ferritin ratios that amounted to as much as 140 and 525% in kidney and intestine, respectively. These findings are consistent with the interpretation that, in the growing chick, dietary aluminum can inhibit iron absorption, disrupt the regulation of tissue ferritin levels by iron, and potentially alter the compartmentalization and protective sequestration of iron within cells.
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PMID:Effect of dietary aluminum on tissue nonheme iron and ferritin levels in the chick. 1068 9

Impairment of haemoglobin synthesis occurs in the genetic diseases known as thalassaemia. The consequent chronic anaemia leads to increased dietary iron absorption which results in iron overload. Treatment through regular blood transfusions increases oxygen capacity, but also adds iron from haemoglobin. An essential treatment, in parallel with transfusions, is the use of chelating agents to remove the excess iron. Thalassaemia patients are particularly at risk of free radical damage. Human lymphocytes from normal individuals can be investigated in vitro as a model system in the presence of free radicals in the Comet assay. This assay measures DNA damage, particularly DNA strand breakage. We examined cells from an Australian thalassaemic patient (sickle/beta thal double heterozygote-sickle phenotype) who had not yet received chelation therapy to determine if the cells were more sensitive to simulated iron overload and to haemosiderins. Lymphocytes from the patient were received as frozen samples after 28 h on dry ice and then placed in liquid nitrogen. Normal lymphocytes frozen under the same conditions and normal nonfrozen lymphocytes were compared. The lymphocytes from a normal female did not respond in vitro to ferric chloride (FeCl(3)) or haemosiderin but did to ferrous chloride (FeCl(2)) and ferrous sulphate (FeSO(4)). Deferoxamine appeared to reduce the response to FeCl(2) and FeSO(4) but deferiprone did not. When the lymphocytes from the nonchelated patient were treated with FeSO(4) and hydrogen peroxide, deferoxamine and deferiprone both reduced the response. Over the same dose range of iron salt (FeSO(4)), the lymphocytes from the thalassaemic patient were more sensitive, with much higher background levels of damage and induced damage. When deferiprone and deferoxamine were compared over a nontoxic range, deferiprone appeared to produce a greater reduction of damage in lymphocytes of the thalassaemia patient. Ferritin iron appears to be more available than haemosiderin iron in reactions leading to DNA damage. Haemosiderin containing higher amounts of the goethite-like (alpha-FeOOH) iron oxide phase leads to lower levels of DNA damage.
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PMID:Effect of iron salts, haemosiderins, and chelating agents on the lymphocytes of a thalassaemia patient without chelation therapy as measured in the comet assay. 1099 72

We studied 300 apparently healthy residents of Lagos aged 16-57 years. Their mean ferritin levels were 99.6 +/- 50.5 microg/l (men aged 20-57) and 66.5 +/- 44 microg/l (women aged 20-53) in aparasitaemic individuals. In parasitaemic subjects, mean ferritin levels were 133.1 +/- 48.3 microg/l (men aged 20-56) and 114.8 +/- 51.1 microg/l (women aged 16-50). Mean haematocrit values for aparasitaemic males were 45.7 +/- 5.6% and 37.9 +/- 5% for females, while mean haemoglobin levels were 153.2 +/- 1.5 microg/l and 124 +/- 3 microg/l, respectively. The mean values for MCV (mean corpuscular volume), MCH (mean corpuscular haemoglobin), MCHC (mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration) were 101.7 +/- 8fl, 30.6 +/- 2.2 pg, 335 +/- 0.4 g/l and 99.8 +/- 10.1fl, 29.1 +/- 6.5 pg, 335 +/- 6 g/l. Serum iron levels were 34.2 +/- 5 micromol/l and 29.5 +/- 77 micromol/l. All haematological parameters measured were similar in both malaria parasitaemia positive and negative subjects, except ferritin level which was significantly higher in parasitaemic individuals (P < 0.05). Ferritin concentration and malaria density (r = 0.76 in males, r = 0.74 in females, P < 0.05) were positively correlated. Ferritin levels of subjects infected with Plasmodium falciparum were significantly higher than of those infected with P. malariae (P < 0.05). Hence ferritin estimation without examination for malaria parasitaemia in a malaria-endemic region such as Nigeria is not reliable. Asymptomatic malaria parasitaemia increases the ferritin level. Considering the mean ferritin level we found in normal subjects on a balanced diet, routine iron supplementation may not be necessary in the treatment of malaria-induced anaemia in Nigeria.
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PMID:Serum ferritin and other haematological measurements in apparently healthy adults with malaria parasitaemia in Lagos, Nigeria. 1099 1

Iron deficiency anemia is common in patients with chronic renal failure not undergoing hemodialysis. Current therapy consists of oral or intravenous (IV) iron dextran (IVID). The standard IV regimen is 100 to 200 mg/dose for a 1-g total dose. We hypothesized that 500 mg/wk of IVID for two doses would be less costly and equally effective as 200 mg/wk for five doses. We prospectively studied 22 patients with creatinine clearances less than 50 mL/min who were not undergoing dialysis and had anemia and evidence of iron deficiency (ferritin level <100 ng/mL or transferrin saturation [TSAT] <20%). Patients were randomized into two groups: group I (n = 8), 200 mg/wk of IVID for 5 weeks, and group II (n = 14), 500 mg/wk of IVID for 2 weeks. All patients tolerated IVID infusions without serious adverse reactions. Over the 6-month follow-up, both groups experienced an increase in hemoglobin levels from baseline. Ferritin levels in both groups increased (P < 0.005), peaked at 2 weeks, then declined thereafter. Over the 6-month follow-up, both groups experienced significant improvement, although the beneficial effects of group II declined at a significantly faster rate than group I (P = 0.003). There was no significant difference in change in ferritin levels between groups. TSAT peaked at 2 weeks in both groups (P < 0. 001). Group I experienced a significant increase in TSAT throughout the 6-month follow-up (P < 0.03), and group II achieved a significant increase in TSAT at 2 weeks, but not at 3 and 6 months. There was no significant difference in pretreatment to posttreatment change in TSAT. Treatment in group II was 35.2% more cost-effective than in group I ($965 versus $1,490, respectively). We conclude that IVID, 500 mg/wk, for 2 weeks is as effective and safe as 200 mg/wk for 5 weeks, but much less costly.
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PMID:Intravenous iron dextran treatment in predialysis patients with chronic renal failure. 1100 80

In sub-Saharan Africa, anaemia in pregnancy results from multiple causes including malaria, iron deficiency and haemoglobinopathies. In a cross-sectional study among 530 pregnant women in Ghana in November-December 1998, red blood cell indices were analysed with respect to malaria, serum concentrations of ferritin and C-reactive protein (CRP), and the haemoglobin and alpha-globin genotypes. Anaemia (haemoglobin [Hb] < 11 g/dL) was found in 54% of the women; 63% harboured malaria parasites at predominantly low numbers. Ferritin levels were considerably influenced by malaria and inflammatory processes (CRP > 0.6 mg/dL). Depending on the definition applied, the prevalence of iron deficiency ranged between 5% and 46%. The HbAS trait was observed in 14%, HbAC and elevated HbF in 7% each, and sickle cell disease in 1%. Heterozygous beta-thalassaemia was present in 1% of the women and alpha(+)-thalassaemia in 33% (29% heterozygous, 4% homozygous). Women with HbAS had higher malaria parasite densities than those with HbAA. In individuals with highly elevated HbF (> 10%), parasitaemia occurred in 27% only. Low gravidity, second trimester of pregnancy, malaria, raised CRP levels, and homozygous alpha(+)-thalassaemia were independent risk factors for anaemia in multivariate analysis. alpha(+)-Thalassaemia, however, was associated with a lesser degree of malarial anaemia when compared to non-thalassaemic women. Iron deficiency appears not to be a major health problem in this population. Haemoglobinopathies are common but, except for homozygous alpha(+)-thalassaemia, do not substantially contribute to anaemia in pregnancy. alpha(+)-Thalassaemia ameliorates malarial anaemia in pregnant women.
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PMID:Anaemia in pregnant Ghanaian women: importance of malaria, iron deficiency, and haemoglobinopathies. 1113 70

The concentration of serum ferritin reflects the extent of iron stores in premature infants. We aimed to determine serum ferritin levels and iron status in asymmetric small for gestational age (SGA) babies. This study was performed on 21 SGA babies and 19 appropriate for gestational age (AGA) babies. Hemoglobin, iron, iron binding capacity and ferritin levels were investigated in the first six hours after the birth. Hemoglobin levels in the SGA and control groups were 20.9 +/- 1.3 (19.4-23.4 g/dl) and 19.6 +/- 0.8 (18.5-21.5 g/dl), respectively (p = 0.001). Serum ferritin levels in the SGA and AGA groups were 58.36 +/- 20.1 ng/ml and 90.46 +/- 30.5 ng/ml, respectively. Ferritin levels were found lower in the SGA group (p < 0.001). In the SGA group, decreased serum iron and increased iron binding capacity were found but the difference was not significant (p > 0.05). Decreased ferritin levels may result from either impaired iron transport associated with uteroplacental vascular insufficiency or increased iron utilization during enhanced erythropoiesis in conditions characterized by chronic fetal hypoxia. Our results stress the significance of iron supplementation and careful anemia follow-up in term SGA babies. Because anemia progress early, beginning iron therapy as soon as possible is a necessity in SGA babies as in prematures.
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PMID:Serum ferritin, iron levels and iron binding capacity in asymmetric SGA babies. 1143 89

In 1996, were studied in Costa Rica 961 children with ages between one and six years, with representation for metropolitan, urban and rural zones of the country. The classification approaches applied were emitted by the Pan-American Health Organization and the World Health Organization. The preschooler population presented in the national environment a prevalence of anemia of 26.3% (children from 1 to 4 years with hemoglobin < 11.0 g/dL and those from 5 to 6 years old with hemoglobin < 12.0 g/dL). The prevalence of Iron depletion (Ferritin < 12 ng/mL) and iron deficiency (Ferritin < 24 ng/mL) were 24.4% and 53.8%, respectively. The folate deficiency (< 6.0 ng/mL) was 11.4%. The iron deficiency was higher in children smaller than 4 years, being the maximum deficiency in the 1 year-old (75%). More than 40% of the preschool children presented sub-clinical deficiency of iron; of them, 10% showed severe deficiency of iron without presence of anemia. The children from the rural area presented the highest prevalence of anemia and iron depletion, while the metropolitan area met more frequency with iron deficiency. The nutritional anemias still constitute a moderate problem of public health in Costa Rica. The main cause is iron deficiency, associated in small proportion with folate deficiency and other factors associated with the erythropoiesis.
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PMID:[Prevalence of anemia, iron and folate deficiency in children 7 years smaller. Costa Rica, 1996]. 1151 31

Anaemia is one of the most common disorders in pregnancy. The most common cause is iron deficiency. Iron deficiency anaemia is relatively easy to diagnose using a serum ferritin of <15 ng/ml. However, because ferritin is an acute phase reactant, the diagnosis of iron deficiency anaemia in hospitalised or ill patients may be difficult, since serum ferritin may be normal or raised, even in the face of iron deficiency. Soluble transferrin receptor assay (STfR) may be useful in these situations because it reflects the degree of iron requirement in relation to supply, and it is not an acute phase reactant. This study was undertaken to detect subclinical anaemia in pregnant women and to correlate STfR assay with the current diagnostic tests for iron deficiency anaemia. One hundred and fifty-three consenting pregnant women seen at the antenatal clinic at King Edward VIII Hospital (KEH) were recruited. Women on haemantinics, who had renal failure, haemoglinopathy and blood transfusion in the past 3 months, were excluded. An ELISA technique was used for the assay of STfR while standard methodology was used for the other biochemical and haematological assays (FBC, urea, creatinine, c reactive protein and iron studies). One hundred and fifty subjects were included in the final analysis. Seventy-two (48%) had varying degrees of iron deficiency anaemia. In 70% (105) of the samples analysed, serum ferritin and STfR agreed on the presence/absence of iron deficiency anaemia. STfR and S:F were 75% and 86% sensitive; 63% and 82% specific, respectively. The calculated positive and negative predictive values are: STfR 64% and 75%; S:F 84% and 87%; Hb 58% and 57%; mean corpuscular volume 91% and 55%, respectively. Ferritin remains the gold standard for the diagnosis of iron deficiency anaemia. However, because ferritin is an acute phase reactant, soluble transferrin receptor assay may be a better test in ill and hospitalised patients where ferritin may be normal or elevated, despite iron deficiency.
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PMID:Soluble transferrin receptors in anaemia of pregnancy. 1252 53


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