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Query: UMLS:C0002871 (anemia)
 52,094 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Human parvovirus B19 is the etiologic agent of erythema infectiosum and transient aplastic crisis in patients with hemolytic anemias and has been associated with fetal death, arthritis, and chronic anemia. Acute B19 infection is best diagnosed by detection of IgM antibodies, whereas the diagnosis of chronic infection often requires the sensitivity of PCR to demonstrate presence of virus over time. To improve our ability to detect B19 DNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), we evaluated 19 primers combined into 16 different primer pairs for their ability to detect temporally and geographically diverse B19 isolates. All 16 pairs reacted with all isolates tested but with different sensitivity. Sequence analysis showed few nucleotide changes compared with published sequences. These changes did not explain observed differences in sensitivity between primer pairs. The most sensitive primer pairs detected 350 to 3500 DNA copies after 35 cycles. A second amplification cycle with nested primers improved the sensitivity 100-fold. These 16 primer pairs provide the diagnostic virologist with multiple options for B19 PCR assays.
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PMID:Multiple primer pairs for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of human parvovirus B19 DNA. 826 12

Human Parvovirus B19 (B19-virus) is the most frequent cause of aplastic crisis in patients with underlying hereditary haemolytic anaemia. B19-virus interrupts erythropoiesis by lytic damage of erythroid precursors in the bone marrow. Patients with hereditary haemolytic anaemia have a shortened red cell life span and a compensatory increased activity of the erythroid precursors in the bone marrow. Temporary interruption of erythropoiesis leads to a precipitous fall in haematocrit and absence of reticulocytes in the circulation. The symptoms of the illness are anaemia and fever. The treatment is red cell transfusion. The infection is diagnosed either by direct demonstration of B19-virus-DNA or by demonstration of specific IgM-antibodies to B19-virus. The natural infectivity of B19-virus is high, and infection is presumably followed by lasting immunity. Because the infectivity of cases of aplastic crisis caused by B19-virus is especially high, control guidelines are necessary for pregnant seronegative staff. A review of the literature is presented.
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PMID:[Human Parvovirus B19 infection and aplastic crisis]. 827 92

We describe two cases of aplastic crisis of unknown origin, occurring within one week in a 49-year old man and his 20 year old son. They both had undiagnosed hereditary spherocytosis, and both of them had earlier had a B19-parvo infection without having symptoms of aplastic crisis at the same time. Chronic haemolytic anaemia should be considered in adult patients with acute severe anaemia caused by aplastic crisis.
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PMID:[Occult hereditary spherocytosis in aplastic crisis of unknown cause]. 827 1

This paper describes clinical findings in subjects heterozygous for hemoglobin C and in compound heterozygotes SC. Most of our patients were coming from lands bordering the Guinea Gulf, on the inside of the loop made by the river Niger and from Haiti, which was populated by African slaves coming mainly from the Golden Coast (actually Ghana). Heterozygotes are asymptomatic and do not suffer from anemia. Age at diagnosis is higher than for SCA, although one of our cases was diagnosed at age one. Overwhelming infections or major anemia were not observed. Basal hemolysis remained moderate. HbF levels were not increased as they may be in sickle cell anemia. Splenomegaly was observed in 2/5 patients. Among severe complications we encountered, we must mention one case of foetal death, one tibial infarct, one case of pure red cell aplasia caused by parvovirus B19 infection, and one case of proliferative retinopathy.
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PMID:[Hemoglobin C (alpha 2 beta 2 6Glu-->lys). Study of 19 heterozygote AC carriers and of 5 cases of double hemoglobinopathy SC]. 829 38

The risk of human parvovirus B19(B19) infection in pregnant women, the relationship between B19 and early spontaneous abortion, and the pathogenesis of non-immune hydrops fetalis (NIHF) due to B19 infection were studied. 1) After the period of prevalence of erythema infectiosum(EI) between 1986 and 1987, the positive rate of anti B19 IgG antibody by sandwich ELISA in the sera from subjects aged 15-34 years old was 17-26%. This indicates that about 80% of pregnant women could be at the risk of B19 infection in future EI prevalence within ten years. 2) IgM antibody assayed by capture ELISA was positive in 1.4% of the sera from pregnant women during the period of EI prevalence. 3) B19 DNA could not be detected by in situ hybridization (ISH) in any chorionic tissues from 105 early spontaneous abortuses during the period. B19 infection could not be proven as one of the causes of early spontaneous abortion. 4) B19 DNA was localized by ISH in erythroblasts but not in myocardial cells of two fetuses out of 11 NIHF. Therefore, NIHF following B19 infection could take place due to anemia following B19 infection of erythroblasts and their destruction.
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PMID:[A study of epidemiology and fetal effects of human parvovirus B19 infection]. 831 12

Severe pure red cell anaemia due to B19 parvovirus infection is reported in a child with haemoglobin SC disease. B19 parvovirus infection was demonstrated by specific IgM. Although hypoplastic crisis occurring in SC children is usually less frequent and more benign than in sickle- cell anaemia, it necessitated several blood transfusions in our patient. The child recovered rapidly and was discharged after 12 days. This case again illustrates the role of HPV-B19 in the development of transient red cell aplasia occurring in patients with haemolytic anaemia. However, it is unusual since in the few reported children with HbSC disease and HPV-B19 infection, aregenerative anaemia remained moderate and did not generally require blood transfusions.
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PMID:[Transient aplasia of the red progenitor cells manifest in a child with double heterozygote Hb SC carriership: the role of human parvovirus B19 (HPV-B19)]. 832 34

Information concerning the most recently discovered infections with perinatal implications is constantly expanding. Hepatitis C virus is responsible for the majority of cases of sporadic and transfusion-related non-A, non-B hepatitis. Its prevalence in the general obstetric population is approximately 2%, but it is much higher in intravenous drug users and recipients of blood transfusions. The risk of vertical transmission is probably small (approximately 4.5%), but mothers coinfected with hepatitis C virus and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 are at higher risk of transmitting infection, possibly as a result of higher levels of viremia. Parvovirus B19 infection can jeopardize the fetus in approximately 9% of cases, leading to profound anemia, followed by hydrops and death. B19 has not been proven to be teratogenic, but survivors have a greater risk of in utero growth retardation. Cytomegalovirus remains the most common cause of congenital infections, and the fetal effects of primary maternal infection during gestation can be devastating. Recurrent infections carry a much lower risk of vertical transmission. Prenatal diagnosis is feasible and reliable. The factors affecting the vertical transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 have been further delineated, and new avenues of research have been opened.
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PMID:Perinatal infections. 838 Oct 35

An in situ hybridization assay using a digoxigenin-labelled probe was developed to detect B19 DNA in bone marrow erythroid elements of immunodeficient patients with hypoplastic anaemia. A 700 bp Bam HI-Hin dIII fragment of B19 DNA was used to construct the probe by incorporating deoxyuridine triphosphate labelled with digoxigenin. The in situ hybridized B19 DNA probe was visualized by an immunoenzymatic reaction using antidigoxigenin Fab fragments labelled with alkaline phosphatase. Dark blue coloured inclusions at the enzyme site were detected in the nuclei of B19 infected erythroid cells at different stages of cell differentiation. Six out of the nine patients studied showed a positive reaction by in situ hybridization assay. The assay we developed proved highly specific and sensitive and it appears to be a suitable diagnostic test for investigating the possible role of B19 infection as a cause of haematopoietic disorders in immunocompromised hosts.
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PMID:In situ detection of B19 DNA in bone marrow of immunodeficient patients using a digoxigenin-labelled probe. 838 13

We describe a case of primary infection by human parvovirus B19 in a 20-year-old woman; it manifested as erythemato-maculo-papular lesions, pharyngotonsillitis, lymphadenopathy, fever, arthralgia and myalgia, asthenia and anorexia. Laboratory tests revealed anaemia, leucopenia, thrombocytopaenia and a rise in some inflammatory indices. Elisa test was positive for anti-human parvovirus B19 IgM. Clinical symptoms spontaneously regressed in 2 weeks. Thirty days after hospital admission all the laboratory tests returned to normal values; furthermore, specific IgM and IgG were detectable.
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PMID:Primary infection by human parvovirus B19. 813 49

We described two cases having erythroid hypoplasia and pancytopenia, respectively, caused by human parvovirus B19 (PVB19) infection on chemotherapy. The first patient was a seven-year-old boy with Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. He has obtained complete remission with LSA2L2 protocol, but, immediately after this remission, he suddenly developed high fever, erythema on cheeks and severe anemia without reticulocytes. We concluded that the cause of anemia and other symptoms were due to PVB19 infection because PVB19 DNA in his serum was detected by dot blot hybridization and polymerase chain reaction, although specific antibodies to PVB19 remained absent. He received gamma-globulin intravenously (200mg/kg/day for 5 days). The fever and erythema were improved promptly, but viremia and anemia lasted a few weeks and the specific antibodies to PVB19 were negative for about two months thereafter. The second patient was a nine-year-old boy with common ALL in remission. Pancytopenia suddenly occurred under maintenance therapy. Because IgM to PVB19 was detected in his serum, the patient was diagnosed to have temporary pancytopenia due to PVB19 infection. In conclusion, it is important to confirm specific antibodies and PVB19 DNA in serum when anemia or pancytopenia of unknown cause occurs in immunocompromised patients receiving chemotherapy.
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PMID:[Human parvovirus B19 infection in patients with hematologic disorders on chemotherapy]. 845 Jun 4


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