Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0002871 (anemia)
 52,094 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effect of dialyzer geometry, both flat plate (FP) and hollow fiber (HF), on platelet and granulocyte activation during dialysis with cuprophane membranes was studied in 12 patients. A subset of six patients was restudied after correction of their anemia with recombinant human erythropoietin (EPO). Granulocyte count and aggregation in vitro fell significantly (P less than 0.01) at 20 minutes of dialysis, followed by a gradual return towards pre-dialysis values at 240 minutes. Malondialdehyde (MDA), a product of free radical reactions generated by activated granulocytes, increased significantly during dialysis [predialysis MDA (median, range): 8.4 (5.8 to 11.6) nmol/ml, 240 minutes MDA: 9.7 (6.6 to 12.5) nmol/ml, P less than 0.01 Wilcoxon test). This increase, however, was not affected by dialyzer geometry or EPO therapy. Neither type of dialyzer was associated with significant platelet loss at the end of dialysis. Whole blood platelet aggregation in vitro (spontaneous and collagen-induced) decreased significantly, (P less than 0.01) during dialysis, the fall in spontaneous aggregation being significantly less following EPO therapy [spontaneous aggregation 240 minutes; pre-EPO: 34 (13 to 52)%; post-EPO 50: (16 to 76)%, P less than 0.01)]. The ratio of the platelet release proteins beta-thromboglobulin and platelet factor 4 increased significantly during dialysis, indicating platelet activation in vivo, although there was no effect of dialyzer geometry or EPO. Factor VIII von Willebrand Factor antigen, a putative marker of endothelial damage, was raised pre-dialysis, and increased further during dialysis, irrespective of dialyzer geometry or EPO. In conclusion, dialyzer geometry had no significant effect on granulocyte and platelet counts and activity during hemodialysis with cuprophane membranes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Effect of dialyzer geometry during hemodialysis with cuprophane membranes. 140 28

Hemophiliacs often have mild anemia, and hemolysis has been suggested as the likely mechanism on the basis of the reduced serum haptoglobin values frequently observed in these patients. It has been suggested that hypohaptoglobinemia results from isohemagglutinins or other contaminating proteins in the infused factor concentrates. The advent and increased utilization of Factor VIII concentrates that are highly purified by use of monoclonal antibodies have provided the opportunity to study whether proteins other than Factor VIII contained in the concentrate induce hemolysis. Of 49 consecutively studied Factor VIII-deficient hemophiliacs, 19 (39%) had a reduced serum haptoglobin level (less than 27 mg/dl). In particular, 16 of 35 (46%) of patients receiving only monoclonally purified Factor VIII products (Monoclate or Hemofil-M) had a reduced serum haptoglobin value. Haptoglobin measurements were variable on repeat measurement in 8 patients. Haptoglobin levels did not correlate with type or severity of hemophilia, hemoglobin value, or alterations in liver function. Low serum haptoglobin values were also observed in children with leukemia, without apparent hemolysis, who had extensive cutaneous hemorrhage associated with thrombocytopenia. We propose that reduced serum haptoglobin values in hemophiliacs do not result from immune-mediated hemolysis due to contaminating proteins in the concentrate. Moreover, hypohaptoglobinemia may not be due to hemolysis at all but may instead result from dissolution of hematomas and other foci of internal hemorrhage.
 ...
PMID:Reduced serum haptoglobin values in hemophiliacs receiving monoclonally purified factor VIII concentrates. 210 38

Erythropoietin (Epo)-producing cells were identified in the murine hypoxic kidney by in situ hybridization. Profound anemia was induced in order to greatly increase Epo production. This resulted in high levels of Epo mRNA in the kidney. 35S-labeled DNA fragments of the murine Epo gene were used as probes for in situ hybridization. Control experiments conducted in parallel included kidneys of nonanemic mice, RNase-treated hypoxic kidney sections, and 35S-labeled non-Epo-related DNA. The Epo probe gave a specific hybridization signal in the hypoxic kidney in the cortex and to a lesser extent in the outer medulla. Glomerular and tubular cells were not labeled. All positive cells were identified as peritubular cells. Using immunofluorescence, we showed that cells with the same topography contained Factor VIII-related antigen. These data demonstrated that peritubular cells, most likely endothelial cells, constitute the major site of Epo production in the murine hypoxic kidney.
 ...
PMID:Peritubular cells are the site of erythropoietin synthesis in the murine hypoxic kidney. 333 34

Numerous hemostatic abnormalities have been associated with acute and chronic renal disease. The most common abnormalities are defective platelet aggregation, decreased platelet adhesiveness, decreased platelet factor-3 availability, and prolongation of the bleeding time. Among the above platelet function tests, the bleeding time is the single test that most closely correlates with clinical bleeding. The nature of the platelet defect in uremia is still not well understood. The pathophysiologic mechanisms which have been implicated include platelet inhibition by plasma metabolites, eg, urea, guanidinosuccinic acid, phenolic acid; increased vessel wall prostacyclin; abnormal platelet arachidonic acid metabolism; increased levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH); defective binding of the Factor VIII complex to platelets or defective binding of platelets to vessel wall subendothelium by the Factor VIII complex; decreased platelet-vessel wall-interaction due to severe anemia; platelet storage pool deficiency; defective fibrinogen binding to platelets. Dialysis remains the mainstay of the prevention and treatment of uremic bleeding although it is not always immediately effective. The availability of cryoprecipitate and DDAVP offers an alternative and effective treatment for the temporary reversal of uremic bleeding in patients who require urgent invasive procedures.
 ...
PMID:Hemostatic abnormalities in renal disease. 392 28

A 28-year-old woman was admitted six months before her death because of abdominal pain, anemia and hepatosplenomegaly. Clinical diagnosis by biopsy examination was primary hepatic angiosarcoma. The autopsy revealed about 700 ml of bloody ascites. The spleen weighed 510 g, and was completely replaced by dark grayish-red tumors. The enlarged liver was 6,560 g and revealed multiple tumor nodules. Microscopically, the tumor cells formed irregular vascular spaces. Factor VIII-related antigens were stained in the tumor cells. Zonula adherens was observed also by electron microscopic observation.
 ...
PMID:[An autopsy case of primary splenic hemangiosarcoma]. 407 65

A 7-year-old spayed Louisiana Catahoula Leopard dog was examined to determine the cause of shifting forelimb lameness, anorexia, and lethargy. The dog was pyrectic and had splenomegaly, thrombocytopenia, and nonregenerative anemia. Examination of a bone marrow aspirate revealed hypocellularity with normal maturation of erythroid and granulocytic cell lines; however, approximately half of the cells were large undifferentiated blast cells. These cells were identified as megakaryoblasts, using immunohistochemical techniques to detect reactivity for Factor VIII-related antigen and platelet glycoprotein IIIa. Necropsy revealed diffuse neoplastic involvement of the spleen, liver, lungs, bone marrow, and lymph nodes. Cellular infiltrate was characterized by a mixture of megakaryoblasts and typical megakaryocytes. Megakaryoblastic leukemia (M7) is the designation proposed by the Animal Leukemia Study Group for myeloproliferative neoplasms of megakaryocytic lineage.
 ...
PMID:Megakaryoblastic leukemia in a dog. 760 14

The intrauterine device (IUD) is an effective method of birth control. However, IUD-induced uterine bleeding is a major side-effect and always causes inconvenience, sometimes even anaemia. It has been reported that oral administration of indomethacin could can reduce IUD-induced uterine bleeding. In the present study, we investigated whether indomethacin-releasing copper IUD (IR-Cu-IUD) can prevent insertion-induced uterine bleeding and its mechanism. Nine healthy volunteers of reproductive age were selected for the study. Endometrial tissues were collected at same menstrual stage prior to and 3-6 months after IR-Cu-IUD insertion. Endometrial morphology, cell proliferation/differentiation, morphometry and activity of complement Factor VIII were examined. No significant difference was found in any of the parameters examined in the same patients, both prior to and after IR-Cu-IUD insertion. By comparison with data previously obtained from the patients who had Cu-IUD insertions, it is clear that IR-Cu-IUD markedly reduced IUD-induced uterine bleeding and this reduction is primarily contributed by the anti-inflammatory action of indomethacin.
 ...
PMID:A preliminary morphometric study on the endometrium from patients treated with indomethacin-releasing copper intrauterine device. 926 97

The clinicopathologic, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural features of soft tissue angiosarcomas are not well defined. Eighty cases of angiosarcoma that involved the deep subcutis, skeletal muscle, retroperitoneum, mesentery, and mediastinum are reported. The lesions occurred in 50 male and 30 female patients who were 5-97 years of age; the peak incidence was in the seventh decade of life. A variety of associated conditions were documented in 20 of these cases, including a history of other neoplasms (some irradiated), synthetic vessel grafts, heritable conditions, and prior trauma or surgery. The angiosarcomas occurred in the extremities (n = 43 cases), trunk (n = 28), and the head and neck (n = 9) regions, with the thigh and the retroperitoneum being the most common sites. They often were characterized as enlarging, painful masses of several weeks' duration and were occasionally associated with acute hemorrhage, anemia, or a coagulopathy. The tumors measured 1-15 cm in diameter (median 5 cm) and frequently were hemorrhagic and multinodular. There was a wide morphologic spectrum within and between cases, including areas similar to cavernous and capillary hemangioma, Dabska tumor, spindle cell and epithelioid hemangioendothelioma, various spindle cell sarcomas, or carcinoma. Histologically, epithelioid angiosarcoma was the most frequently observed pattern; 70% of cases had epithelioid cells that were arranged in nests, clusters, papillae, and gaping vascular channels. Hemorrhage tended to obscure the diagnosis in several cases and often was associated with papillary endothelial hyperplasia-like areas. All 42 cases studied immunohistochemically stained at least focally for Factor VIII-related antigen, and nearly all stained strongly for vimentin, which accentuated the endothelial cells and vessel lumen formation. CD34 antigen was detected in 74% of cases, BNH9 in 72%, and cytokeratins in 35%. Epithelial membrane antigen, S-100 protein, and HMB45 were not detected. Fifty-five percent of the tumors had intracytoplasmic aggregates of laminin. Immunostains for alpha-smooth muscle actin demonstrated a prominent pericytic component in several tumors (24%). Ki67 immunostains with MIB1 indicated high proliferative activity (> or =10%) in 72% of cases. p53 immunoreactivity (>20% nuclear staining) was observed in 20% of cases. Ultrastructural studies performed on poorly differentiated areas of 12 cases showed groups of cells, which were frequently epithelioid, surrounded by basal lamina, and closely associated with pericytes, along with intercellular and intracellular lumina with or without red blood cells. Whorls of abundant intermediate filaments, occasional tonofilamentlike structures, and pinocytotic vesicles also were noted. In contrast to the findings of others, Weibel-Palade bodies were not seen. Follow-up in 49 cases (61%) showed that 53% of patients were dead of disease at a median interval of 11 months, whereas 31% had no evidence of disease at a median interval of 46 months. The remaining patients were either alive with disease (14%) or alive but disease status was unknown (2%). There were local recurrences in 20% of cases and distant metastases in 49%, most frequently to the lungs, followed by the lymph nodes, soft tissues, bone, liver, and other sites. These results indicate that angiosarcoma of soft tissue is a high-grade sarcoma. Older patient age, tumor location in the retroperitoneum, and larger tumor size as well as detection of MIB1 in > or =10% of the tumor cell population were all associated with a poorer prognosis.
 ...
PMID:Angiosarcoma of soft tissue: a study of 80 cases. 963 Jan 75

Angiosarcoma occurs very rarely in the intestinal tract as either a primary or metastatic malignancy and can present great diagnostic difficulty, especially when it displays epithelioid cytomorphology. Since only isolated case reports have been published, the purpose of this study is to more fully delineate the histopathological and clinical features from a series of 8 angiosarcomas involving the gastrointestinal tract. There were 5 male and 3 female patients whose ages ranged from 25-85 years (median 57). Presenting symptoms included intestinal bleeding, anemia and pain. Five cases involved the small bowel and 3 involved the colon/rectum. Four cases were primary to the intestinal tract, 2 patients initially presented with secondary involvement of the large bowel from occult retroperitoneal primaries, 1 patient presented with disseminated disease including small bowel involvement, and 1 case was metastatic from a breast primary. Seven cases were composed predominantly of sheets of malignant appearing epithelioid cells with subtle areas forming cleft-like spaces suggestive of vascular differentiation. Immunohistochemical studies revealed the lesional cells to be immunoreactive for CD31 (8/8), CD34 (8/8), Factor VIII (8/8), cytokeratins AE1/AE3 (7/8), cytokeratin 7 (2/8), Cam5.2/cytokeratin 8 (5/8), and cytokeratin 19 (5/8). Cytokeratin 20 was negative in all eight cases, which contrasts sharply with the characteristic positivity for cytokeratin 20 in virtually all intestinal carcinomas. One case was weakly and focally positive for EMA and all cases were negative for S-100 protein. Cytokeratin staining was variable and ranged from focal to extensive. Follow-up was available in eight cases and ranged from 1-33 months (median 12.5). Five patients died of disease, between 1 and 33 months (median 6) after diagnosis. One recently diagnosed patient is alive with disease 18 months after diagnosis, and one patient is free of disease 27 months after original diagnosis. Angiosarcomas of the gastrointestinal tract commonly display epithelioid cytomorphology, may be diffusely and strongly positive for cytokeratins and only show subtle signs of vascular differentiation, creating potential diagnostic confusion with primary or metastatic carcinoma. Given the clinically aggressive behavior of angiosarcoma, proper classification and treatment is important. Immunohistochemistry with vascular markers, CK20, and S-100 protein may be helpful in differentiating angiosarcoma from carcinoma and melanoma.
 ...
PMID:Angiosarcoma involving the gastrointestinal tract: a series of primary and metastatic cases. 1510 92

It is unusual to be complicated with cerebral infarction for bleeding disorders. We describe a first case of internal border-zone infarction (I-BZI) complicated with acquired hemophilia A. A 79-year-old man was introduced from other hospital by cerebral infarction and severe anemia. His left thigh and leg were swollen with subcutaneous bleeding. Activated partial thromboplastin time was 99.4 seconds. Factor VIII activity was less than 1% and Factor VIII inhibitor concentration was 85 BU, respectively. The platelet count and prothrombin time were normal. These results were consistent with the diagnosis of acquired hemophilia A. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain showed multiple small infarction in bilateral internal border zone. To our knowledge, this is the first case of I-BZI complicated with acquired hemophilia A. This case suggested that major hemorrhage is one of the sole causes of I-BZI.
...
PMID:Acquired hemophilia A associated with internal border-zone infarction triggered by major hemorrhage of thigh and leg: a case report. 2531 33


1 2 Next >>