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Query: UMLS:C0002871 (anemia)
 52,094 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The results of a large number of nutritional screen requests (n = 871) were compared with corresponding values of erythrocyte indices considered predictive of nutritional deficiencies to determine if such indices could be used in a prospective screening procedure to restrict the number of serum vitamin B12, folate, and ferritin assays. Low mean cell haemoglobins (MCH less than 27 pg) were found to be superior to low mean cell volumes (MCV less than 77 fl), in predicting low serum ferritin values. The occurrence of deficient ferritin values was 90% when the MCH was very low (MCH less than 23 pg). Vitamin B12 or folate deficiency could not be predicted from the MCV. A normal MCV was found in more than 55% of vitamin B12 deficient samples and some 30% of serum B12 deficients (less than 150 micrograms/l) showed no evidence of anaemia (Hb greater than 12 gm/dl) or macrocytosis (MCV less than 100 fl). It would not seem appropriate to use erythrocyte indices alone as a method of selecting samples for further investigation of folate or vitamin B12 status.
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PMID:The value of the erythrocyte indices as a screening procedure in predicting nutritional deficiencies. 227 55

The nosography of the dyserythropoietic syndromes remains poorly defined in the field of clinical hematology. The prominent pathophysiologic feature lies in the "ineffective erythropoiesis" as expressed by bone marrow erythroid hyperplasia with dysplasia accompanied by a normal or only slightly increased reticulocyte count. Both erythrokinetics and ferrokinetics are impaired, as shown by either slight reduction of the red cell survival or marked increased rate of serum iron transport together with reduced cellular iron utilization. The dyserythropoietic syndromes can be classified as acquired, secondary or congenital. The acquired ones, especially the sideroblastic forms, belonging to the myelodysplastic syndromes, are typical of the elderly whereas the congenital are of childhood. Their treatment is still a matter of controversy. However, the employment of folic acid, Vit. B12, pyridoxine and androgens can be useful in selected cases. In case of severe anemia, blood transfusion are required in association with iron chelating agents. However, some biological molecules, such as erythropoietin, interleukins 3 and 4, hemopoietic growth factors (especially GM-CSF), could represent future prospects of treatment.
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PMID:[Dyserythropoietic syndromes: incidence, diagnosis, therapy]. 229 Oct 9

The effect of azidothymidine (Zidovudine, AZT) on pyrimidine (thymidine, deoxyuridine, and thymidine triphosphate) incorporation into DNA in folate- and/or vitamin B12-deficient and normal human bone marrow cells was studied to investigate whether such vitamin deficiency affects susceptibility to AZT-induced hematologic toxicity. Bone marrow cells from 12 patients were studied: 5 had folate and/or vitamin B12 deficiency; 7 controls included 5 with anemia related to chronic disease and 2 with iron deficiency. At 0.2 microM AZT (3 hr, 37 degrees C), the approximate pharmacologic serum trough level, pyrimidine incorporation into DNA was suppressed by 12 to 19% in folate- and/or vitamin B12-deficient cells and by 16 to 23% in normal cells. At 2.0 microM AZT (3 hr, 37 degrees C), the approximate pharmacologic serum peak level, this was suppressed by 15 to 40% in folate- and/or vitamin B12-deficient cells and by 32 to 47% in controls. Deoxyuridine incorporation into DNA was inhibited significantly greater than thymidine at 2.0 microM AZT (3 hr, 37 degrees C) in both groups. Inhibition of deoxyuridine incorporation was not reversed with methyltetrahydrofolate or vitamin B12. There tended to be less striking suppression by AZT of deoxyuridine incorporation into DNA in bone marrow cells from vitamin B12-deficient patients, which was made more striking by adding vitamin B12. This suggests that some of what passes for "AZT damage" to bone marrow cells may in fact be coincident deficiency of vitamin B12. AZT inhibition of DNA synthesis in 3 hr bone marrow cultures is relatively consistent in a variety of hematologic disorders. As approximately two-thirds of AIDS patients appear to be in negative balance with respect to folate and/or vitamin B12, the fact that AZT-induced inhibition of pyrimidine incorporation into DNA is occurring in cells which may be megaloblastic, i.e., in a state of impaired DNA synthesis, suggests that these cells may be more susceptible to AZT toxicity. The data also support the notion that AZT inhibition results predominantly from termination of DNA chain elongation. Whether folate or vitamin B12 supplementation may partially overcome apparent "AZT inhibition" of DNA synthesis (hematologic toxicity) and whether the benefit of such therapy exceeds the risk will require further study.
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PMID:Synergy of inhibition of DNA synthesis in human bone marrow by azidothymidine plus deficiency of folate and/or vitamin B12? 230 78

Thirty six patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) (25 with anaemia) were studied to establish the role of iron, vitamin B12, and folic acid deficiency, erythropoietin responsiveness, and iron absorption in the diagnosis and pathogenesis of anaemia in RA. Iron deficiency, assessed by stainable bone marrow iron content, occurred in 13/25 (52%), vitamin B12 deficiency in 7/24 (29%), and folic acid deficiency in 5/24 (21%) of the anaemic patients. Only 8/25 (32%) had just one type of anaemia. The iron deficiency of anaemia of chronic disease (ACD) was distinguished by ferritin concentration, which was higher in that group. Mean cell volume (MCV) and mean cell haemoglobin (MCH) were lower in both anaemic groups, but most pronounced in iron deficient patients. Folic acid, and especially vitamin B12 deficiency, masked iron deficiency by increasing the MCV and MCH. Iron absorption tended to be highest in iron deficiency and lowest in ACD, suggesting that decreased iron absorption is not a cause of ACD in RA. No specific causes were found for vitamin B12 or folic acid deficiency. Haemoglobin concentration was negatively correlated with erythrocyte sedimentation rate in the group with ACD. Erythropoietin response was lower in ACD than in iron deficient patients. It was concluded that generally more than one type of anaemia is present simultaneously in anaemic patients with RA. The diagnosis of each type may be masked by another. Studies on pathogenesis of the anaemia are difficult as deficiencies generally coexist with ACD. Disease activity and, possibly, erythropoietin responsiveness are major factors in ACD pathogenesis.
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PMID:Anaemia in rheumatoid arthritis: the role of iron, vitamin B12, and folic acid deficiency, and erythropoietin responsiveness. 231 22

59 year old female was admitted to Nagoya Memorial Hospital for anemia unknown etiology after the work up of the gastrointestinal tract. Peripheral blood count at admission was as follows: WBC 2,400/microliters, RBC 321 X 10(4)/microliters, Hb 9.8 g/dl, Ht 30.1%, Plt 8.2 X 10(4)/microliters, which showed pancytopenia with normocytic, normochromic anemia. She had no hepatosplenomegaly, vitamin B12 nor folate deficiency. Bone marrow was hyperplastic and showed trilineage megalodysplastic changes. The diagnosis of myelodysplastic syndrome (Refractory anemia) was made. Progenitor assay showed no colony formation of BFU-E but showed normal growth of CFU-GM colony and cluster. She had chromosomal abnormality of 47, XX, + 11. Administrated anabolic steroid, prednine and activated vitamin D3 were not effective and she died of brain hemorrhage in April 1987. Colony assay at this stage showed numerous leukemic clusters and no normal colonies. Re-performed chromosome assay showed 47, XX, + 11. There are only a few reports of trisomy-11 in a patient with MDS. Especially we could follow this case till her leukemic transformation by colony assay.
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PMID:[Abnormal cluster formation in a patient with myelodysplastic syndrome with trisomy-11--periodical approach by colony assay]. 236 44

Plasma UBBC-B12 and transcobalamins were measured in 112 patients suffering from different haematological disorders. The data showed different patterns of changes in plasma transcobalamin profile in different haematological disorders. Plasma UBBC-B12 and transcobalamins were significantly higher than normal in untreated chronic myeloid leukaemia, acute promyelocytic leukaemia, nutritional megaloblastic anaemia and in refractory anaemias with hypercellular marrow. Normal levels of these proteins were noted in chronic lymphatic leukaemias, in primary and secondary hypereosinophilic states and in multiple myeloma. Subnormal levels of these proteins were observed in hypoplastic anaemia and acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Chronic myeloid leukaemia patients during blast crisis and acute myeloid leukaemia patients except those suffering from acute promyelocytic leukaemia showed varying pattern of plasma transcobalamins depending on type of blast crisis or FAB subtype of AML. The significance of these changes in plasma transcobalamins have been discussed along with the experience of other workers in this field.
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PMID:Plasma transcobalamins in haematological disorders. 243 89

Pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) is a rare condition remarkable for its association with particular diseases, notably haemopathies and gastrointestinal diseases. As regards haemopathies, the associations most frequently encountered are with myeloid malignancies and monoclonal dysglobulinaemia. The association of PG with mainly inflammatory digestive tract diseases is also classical. The lack of publications concerning gastric atrophy and the dual haematological and gastric pathology which characterizes our case have prompted us to report it. A 60-year-old woman without significant history was admitted for PG on both knees, following vesiculo-bullous lesions. Laboratory examinations detected a normochromic anaemia tending to be macrocytic, a marked inflammatory syndrome and a monoclonal lambda light chain IgA peak at protein immunoelectrophoresis. Bone marrow biopsy, skeletal radiography and a search for Bence-Jones proteinuria were normal or negative. Colonoscopy showed no abnormality, but fibroscopy of the upper digestive tract revealed a severe gastric atrophy en plaques. Serum vitamin B12 level was moderately low, but there was no other sign of pernicious anaemia. After one month treatment with systemic corticosteroids, healing was obtained under replacement vitamin therapy. PG recurred a few months later; serum vitamin B12 level was normal, and the lesions healed after systemic corticosteroid treatment. In non-myelomatous dysglobulinaemia IgA is frequently found and there is no light chain predominance. PG often precedes dysglobulinaemia. Evolution towards a true myeloma seems to be exceptional. In a recent publication, 17 cases of association between PG and myeloma were mentioned, the IgA type being most common. Protein electrophoresis is indispensable in patients with PG. Five cases of congenital hypogammaglobulinaemia have been recorded, including three with IgA deficiency.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Pyoderma gangrenosum and IgA gammopathy. Association with atrophic gastritis]. 251 19

A 34-year old woman developed megaloblastic anemia and peripheral polyneuropathy following the use of oral contraceptives (OCs) for 4 years. Low levels of folic acid and vitamin B12 were found. Both the complete recovery after therapy with the vitamins and the absence of other causes of vitamin B12 and folate deficiency suggest that these were caused by OCs and resulted in the rare combination of megaloblastic anemia and polyneuropathy. The poor response to vitamin B12 alone, and the development of anemia and polyneuropathy 4 months after cessation of vitamin B12 therapy suggest that folate deficiency was the primary problem.
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PMID:Folic acid deficiency, megaloblastic anemia and peripheral polyneuropathy due to oral contraceptives. 254 Jan 15

Sixty-five physicians were tested to determine the effect of their reviews of red blood cell morphology on their subsequent diagnoses of and workup plans for common anemias. The subjects read clinical and laboratory data for six pairs of cases of anemia, reviewing the blood smear for one case in each pair. They correctly identified the presence or absence of morphologic features on the blood smears 82% of the time. In spite of excellent morphologic discrimination, the number of tests ordered was not affected by blood smear review. In fact, the quality of the physicians' workup plans, measured by numbers of tests appropriately ordered and excluded, was slightly but significantly better when they did not review the smears (p less than 0.005). In addition, smear review did not significantly improve diagnostic accuracy for any of the common anemias studied. Significantly more correct diagnoses were made without smear review for vitamin B12-folate deficiency anemia (p less than 0.015) and thalassemia (p less than 0.0001). Although routine review of blood smears by physicians in the management of common anemias may provide useful information, the authors were unable to demonstrate an improvement in the number or appropriateness of tests ordered or diagnostic accuracy in spite of excellent morphologic discrimination.
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PMID:Does review of peripheral blood smears help in the initial workup of common anemias? 258 55

True vitamin B12/folate deficiency is more common than is currently appreciated; it appears in many guises and the classic hematological features of megaloblastic anaemia are often absent. The single most reliable predictor of megaloblastic anaemia is serum vitamin B12/folate concentration, but this determination in a screening program for all patients is difficult in terms of laboratory overload and cost. Early recognition of nutritional anaemias is, however, mandatory and we undertook this study to explore the possibility of identifying, on a demographic basis or because of routine laboratory results, a group of subjects at risk for vitamin B12/folate deficiency. Results obtained in simultaneous radioassay of serum B12 and folate levels and erythrocyte folate concentration in 1.200 hospitalized patients are presented. Coexisting iron deficiency was excluded by ferritin assay. We found no significant difference between males and females and no correlation between serum folate and B12 concentrations and aging. Low serum folic and cobalamin levels were found in 53% of patients with macrocytosis and elevated MCH, even in the absence of anaemia. These observations suggest that increased MCV and MCH may be present before a related anaemia and that serum folate and cobalamin levels must be monitored early in these patients to prevent a deficiency.
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PMID:[Folate and vitamin B12 deficiency. Characterization of parameters for early diagnosis]. 260 38


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