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Query: UMLS:C0002871 (anemia)
 52,094 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To identify potentially remediable abnormalities in Crohn disease, 63 patients had evaluations performed for anemia, electrolyte deficiencies, defects of carbohydrate, fat, nitrogen, and vitamin B12 absorption, and jejunal bacterial overgrowth. Ninety percent of the group had two or more potentially correctable defects. More than 50% had anemia associated with iron or folate deficiency of vitamin B12 malabsorption; 33% had low levels of serum sodium, potassium, calcium, or magnesium either singly or in combination; 22% had lactose intolerance, fat malabsorption was persent in 31%; 75% had evidence of disturbed protein metabolism; and bacterial overgrowth of the upper part of the small bowel was identified in 30% of 47 patients.
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PMID:Remediable defects in Crohn disease: a prospective study of 63 patients. 105 64

The experience of a professorial unit over a four-year period of carcinoma of the colon and rectum is described. The high incidence of anaemia in lesions proximal to the splenic flexure is shown. The distressing misdiagnosis of the cause of this anaemia is pointed out, and the consequent misuse of haematinics in the form of blood transfusion, iron and vitamin B12 is shown.
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PMID:Anaemia in the elderly: caveat caecum. 105 85

The unsaturated vitamin B12 binding capacity of whole serum (UBBC) and of the three transcobalamins (TC) has been studied in patients with various haematological diseases including myeloproliferative disorders (MPD) and acute leukaemia. The binding capacity of TC I and TC III was increased in MPD; TC I being particularly high in chronic granulocytic leukaemia (CGL) and TC III especially raised in polycythaemia rubra vera (PRV) and in infectious leucocytosis. The binding capacity of both TC I and TC III correlated with blood neutrophil count and the ratio TC III/TC I was low in CGL and increased in PRV. TC II was increased in acute myelogenous leukaemia, during remission and blast cell crisis of CGL and in refractory anaemia with excess of myeloblasts but not in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). TC II correlated inversely with blood neutrophil count. There is an inverse ratio between TC II and TC I at least in myelogenous leukaemia. These abnormalities are discussed in relation to granulocyte kinetics. TC III and TC I reflect probably the total body granulocyte pool and share some biochemical and immunological properties supporting the view that they have a common origin in the more mature stages of the granulocyte cell line while TC II probably originates partly in more primitive granulocytes.
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PMID:The three transcobalamins in myeloproliferative disorders and acute leukaemia. 105 79

Diagnosis is often overlooked because symptoms develop slowly and insidiously and many patients don't complain about them. Then too, the giddiness, apathy, confusion, clumsiness, and similar problems may be considered simply signs of "old age." Iron deficiency anemia is the most common type in old people. It's usually due to gastrointestinal bleeding, but there may be a second, less obvious cause. The classic picture of low serum iron, high total iron-binding capacity, and low iron-binding saturation is sometimes distorted. Usually, many studies are needed to confirm the suspicion of a vitamin B12 or folic acid deficiency. A raised mean corpuscular volume in itself signals the need for further investigation. In patients with macrocytosis, the bone marrow must be examined. Tests for intestinal malabsorption must be considered too. Repeated blood tests are essential in patients being treated for any type of anemia. Iron deficiency may hide evidence of folate or B12 deficiency. And iron therapy may lessen bleeding from colonic cancer, delaying diagnosis until it's too late to operate.
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PMID:Anemia--a common but never a normal concomitant of aging. 108 61

A W.H.O. sponsored collaborative study of the effects of iron supplementation to pregnant women was carried out in Delhi (northern India) and Vellore (southern India). Supplementation was given under supervision from the 26th to the 36th or 38th week of pregnancy. A control group received only placebo; one group received vitamin B12 and folic acid alone; four groups received vitamin B12, folate and a daily iron supplement ranging from 30 to 240 mg of elemental iron as ferrous fumerate, and one further group received 120 mg of iron without B12 or folate. Groups receiving no iron showed a fall in mean stet concentration. Those receiving iron showed a rise in haemoglobin, the best results being in the groups receiving 120 and 240 mg of iron together with vitamin B12 and folate. Even in these groups however there was still a high prevalence of anaemia and iron deficiency at the end of the trial period. Iron alone did not produce as good results as iron plus vitamin B12 and folate. The supplementation had no detectable effect on the birth weight of the children, nor on the haemoglobin concentration of the infants at three months of age. The daily absorption of iron in the pregnant women, as judged from the increase in haemoglobin mass, was not as satisfactory as expected. Possible reasons for this are discussed. It is concluded that to provide these women with adequate iron a daily oral supplementation of 120 mg of elemental iron or more is needed. This can only be achieved by medicinal means. Before supplementation can be recommended on a public health scale, further information regarding the cost and expected benefits of such measures must be obtained.
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PMID:W.H.O. sponsored collaborative studies on nutritional anaemia in India. 1. The effects of supplemental oral iron administration to pregnant women. 110 13

The occurrence of anemia in a group of aged persons residing in a home for the aged and in a chronic disease hospital was reviewed with regard to etiology, choice of treatment, and therapeutic response. Of the 484 patients, 151 (31 per cent) had anemia or were receiving antianemia therapy. Iron-deficiency anemia was the most common type, and iron was the most common form of treatment. Seventy-eight patients were given antianemia therapy in 97 courses, and a good therapeutic result was achieved in about one-fourth of the courses. The most frequent error in iron therapy was its use in the anemia associated with chronic disorders. Often there was a combination deficiency of iron, vitamin B12 and folic acid. The response to iron in the elderly can be very slow, so therapy should not be discontinued too soon. Anemia may directly contribute to other serious pathologic conditions, especially in aged persons with impaired circulation. In some cases the physiologic concentration of hemoglobin may be higher than the accepted "normal" value. The course of the anemia in relation to the general state of the patient is more significant than any laboratory data in choosing antianemia therapy. Practical laboratory screening procedures for elderly anemic patients are discussed.
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PMID:Treatment of anemia in the aged: a common problem and challenge. 111 62

Qualitative and quantitative studies of erythropoiesis in 23 patients with hypothyroidism and 21 patients with hyperthryoidism included routine hematologic evaluation, bone marrow morphology, status of serum iron, B12 and folate red blood cell mass and plasma volume by radioisotope methods, erythrokinetics and radiobioassay of plasma erythropoietin. A majority of patients with the hypothyroid state had significant reduction in red blood cell mas per kg of body weight. The presence of anemia in many of these patients was not evident from hemoglobin and hematocrit values due to concomitant reduction of plasma volume. The erythrokinetic data in hypothyroid patients provided evidence of significant decline of the erythropoietic activity of the bone marrow. Erythroid cells in the marrow were depleted and also showed reduced proliferative activity as indicated by lower 3H-thymidine labeling index. Plasma erythropoietin levels were reduced, often being immeasurable by the polycythemic mouse bioassay technique. These changes in erythropoiesis in the hypothyroid state appear to be a part of physiological adjustment to the reduced oxygen requirement of the tissues due to diminished basal metabolic rate. Similar investigations revealed mild erythrocytosis in a significant proportion of patients with hyperthyroidism. Failure of erythrocytosis to occur in other patients of this group was associated with impaired erythropoiesis due to a deficiency of hemopoietic nutrients such as iron, vitamin B12 and folate. The mean plasma erythropoietin level of these patients was significantly elevated; in 4 patients the levels were in the upper normal range whereas in the rest, the values were above the normal range. The bone marrow showed erythyroid hyperplasia in all patients with hyperthyroidism. The mean 3H-thymidine labeling index of the erythroblasts was also significantly higher than normal in hyperthyroidism; in 8 patients the index was within the normal range whereas in the remaining 13 it was above the normal range. Erythrokinetic studies also provided evidences of increased erythropoietic activity in the bone marrow. It is postulated that thyroid hormones stimulate erythropoiesis, sometimes leading to erythrocytosis provided there is no deficiency of hemopoietic nutrients. Stimulation of erythropoiesis by thryoid hormones appears to be mediated through erythropoietin.
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PMID:Erythropoiesis and erythropoietin in hypo- and hyperthyroidism. 111 76

We have described a case of chronic arsenic intoxication associated with pancytopenia and megaloblastic erythropoiesis. The patient had the typical laboratory manifestations of effective erythorpoiesis due to a megaloblastic process, including macroovalocytes, mild pancytopenia, low reticulocyte index, increased marrow cellularity with erythroid hyperplasia, and morphologic evidence of megaloblastic maturation in the marrow. The patient's serum folate and vitamin B12 were normal, and the anemia regressed without therapy. Our case suggests that the combination of megaloblastosis with normoblastic or megaloblastic karyorrhexis,should raise the suspicion of arsenic intoxication in the mind of the observer. In addition, arsenic should be added to the list of agents causing a reversible megaloblastic anemia.
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PMID:Arsenic intoxication as a cause of megaloblastic anemia. 112 Jan 85

A summary of the effects of contraceptive pills on vitamins in the b lood is presented. The significant increase of Vitamin-A in the plasma of contraceptive users is believed to be a result of the increase of bet alipoprotein, which binds chiefly to Vitamin-A. Although high concentrations of Vitamin-A have caused teratogenicity in test animals, the increase found in humans using contraceptive pills is not high enough to cause risk. A lowering of Vitamin-B6 (pyridoxin) levels has occurred with the use of contraceptive pills. This can cause alteration in the metabolism of tryptophan, which could cause depression in pill users. The lack of pyridoxine can also increase the production of xanthuric acid which binds with insulin, resulting in a decreased glucose tolerance. A decrease in folic acid in pill users has also been observed, caused by some effect of the pill on the folate deconjugate. The Vitamin-B12 level is also lowered for unascertainable reasons related to the decrease in folic acid. No anemia occurs in spite of the lowered Vitamin-B complex levels in the blood. A lack in Vitamin-C in users of pills containing estrogens is possibly effected by a corresponding increase between estrogens and ceruloplasmin, a protein active in the oxidation of ascorbic acid. This lack of Vitamin-C has had no clinical significance thus far.
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PMID:[P-pills and vitamins]. 114 66

Four hundred and seven pregnant women, living in Sobradinho, a satellite city of Brasilia, Brazil, divided in three groups according to their gestation age: I trimester (50 cases); II trimester (140 cases); III trimester (201 cases), were studied for the hemoglobin concentration of their blood and intestinal parasitism. In nineteen of the anemic women iron, folic acid and vitamin B12 serum determinations were done. The mean hemoglobin concentration and the percentage of anemia (less than 12 g/100 ml) in the different stages of gestation, were: 13.06 g/100 ml and 22% for the first trimester: 12.49 g/100 ml and 29% for the second trimester and 12.11 g/100 ml and 34% for the third trimester. In the 19 cases of the anemic group studied we found 73.7% of iron deficiency (below 60 microg/100 ml); 26.3% of folic acid deficiency (below 4 ng/ml) and 10.5% of vitamin B12 deficiency (below 140 pg/ ml). A combined deficiency occured in two cases: iron plus folic acid (case 11, table 3) and folic acid plus vitamin B12 (case 3, table 3). The stool examination showed parasitic infection, in 51% of the women.
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PMID:[Anemia in pregnant women of Sobradinho, a satellite city of Brazilia, Brazil (author's transl)]. 121 28


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