Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0002871 (anemia)
 52,094 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Since macrocytosis was observed in a high percentage of our renal transplant patients, a follow-up study was carried out on 36 patients with determination of the mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) and haemoglobin concentration (MCHC). These parameters were determined monthly for periods of up to two years (16 cases) following transplantation. There was a rise in both MCV and MCH within one month. Macrooperative MCHC, however, remained normal. Anaemia was absent or mild. The bone marrow showed striking megaloblastic changes with nuclear-cytoplasmatic dissociation in both red and white cell precursors. Vitamin B 12 absorption tests were normal in all 8 patients investigated. Macrocytosis was not detectable in two patients with a low serum iron concentration. Macrocytosis disappeared in 4 patients with chronic rejection when progressive renal failure developed. It is concluded that azathioprine therapy induces macrocytosis in renal transplant patients provided renal function is satisfactory.
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PMID:[Macrocytosis in renal transplant patients (author's transl)]. 79 85

The morbidity pattern and nutritional profile was evaluated of school children who resided around Mosaboni Copper Mines and in surrounding villages of Ghatsila subdivision in Singhbhum district of Bihar State, India. A total of 1424 school children (816 boys and 608 girls) between 5-17 years old were studied. Children were examined on school premises with the assistance of teachers and health visitors. Body weight and height, nutritional deficiency signs, common infective conditions, and cardiac murmurs were recorded. Evidence of morbidity was found in 52.8% boys and 67.4% girls. 11.9% boys and 12.2% girls had 2 or more conditions existing together. The average number of children per family was 5.13; it was 4.77 in families with no child illness; 5.03 with 1 illness and 6.94 if 2 or more morbid conditions were found in a child. Approximately 2% girls over 12 years old had dysmenorrhea and polymenorrhea. Only 15.4% of boys and 19% of girls weighed above 80% of the 50th percentile of the Harvard Standard. 76.4% of boys and 71.7% of girls weighed between 61% and 80%, while 8.1% of boys and 9.l% of girls weighed less than 60%. 20% of boys and girls showed features of stunting. Deficiencies of Vitamin B-complex and Vitamin A as well as clinical anemia were common while rickets and scurvy were rare. The prevalence of worm infestation, lymphadenopathy as well as skin and respiratory infections were lower than in some other studies. Dental caries was observed in 21% of cases, but the prevalence of periodontal disease and malocclusion was higher than reported by others. Convulsive disorders and myopia were less common than in urban school children. Prevalence of congenital cardiac lesions was higher than in urban studies probably due to heredity. Nutritional supplementation in schools, regular medical checkups of school children, and health education of the community with emphasis on small family norms could improve the overall health status of rural children.
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PMID:Health status of rural school children. 258 10

Vitamin B(12) levels in erythrocytes were low in untreated hypochromic anaemia, rose to abnormally high levels during therapy with iron alone, and finally slowly fell to normal. These changes were similar to those previously found in pernicious anaemia in response to vitamin B(12) therapy and in folate-deficiency anaemia in response to folic acid, thus changes in erythrocyte B(12) levels are not always due directly to changes in B(12) metabolism but may be secondary to changes in the levels of other haematinic factors.
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PMID:Vitamin B 12 levels in erythrocytes in hypochromic anaemia. 513 May 36

To determine the prevalence and causes of anemia in rural Mexico, blood samples and longitudinal dietary data were collected from 187 women, some pregnant and then lactating, and from 72 men. Blood was used to measure anemia, mean cell volume, and plasma ferritin, folate and vitamin B-12. Anemia was found in 33% of the men, 54% of nonpregnant, nonlactating women, 35% of pregnant women and 41% of lactating women, and varied by season. Low iron stores (ferritin) accompanied anemia in only 8% of men compared with 38-67% of women. Low meat intake and poor dietary iron bioavailability were associated with anemia in women. There were no cases of low plasma folate. Low plasma vitamin B-12 was common in all groups, and the incidence increased from 15% at 7 mo of pregnancy to 30% at 7 mo of lactation. Vitamin B-12 was lower in the plasma and milk of anemic lactating women than in plasma and milk of non-anemic lactating women and was classified as deficient in 62% of breast milk samples.
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PMID:Iron, vitamin B-12 and folate status in Mexico: associated factors in men and women and during pregnancy and lactation. 806 68

The diets and growth of children reared on vegetarian diets are reviewed. Excessive bulk combined with low energy density can be a problem for children aged < or = 5 y and can lead to imparied growth. Diets that have a high content of phytate and other modifiers of mineral absorption are associated with an increased prevalence of rickets and iron-deficiency anemia. Vitamin B-12 deficiency is a real hazard in unsupplemented or unfortified vegan and vegetarian diets. It is suggested that vegans and vegetarians should use oils with a low ratio of linoleic to linolenic acid in view of the recently recognized role of docosahexaenoic acid in visual functioning. If known pitfalls are avoided, the growth and development of children reared on both vegan and vegetarian diets appears normal.
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PMID:Vegetarian diets and children. 817 20

We have examined the independent effect of vitamin B(12) deficiency on hematological indices in older Chinese vegetarian women using a cross-sectional study design: 119 women older than 55 years who had been vegetarian for more than 3 years were studied. Fasting blood samples were taken for complete blood count, serum iron, total serum iron binding capacity, serum iron saturation, serum vitamin B(12), serum folate, serum methylmalonic acid levels (MMA), and renal function test. Subjects with iron deficiency (iron saturation <15%) and those with serum creatinine >150 mmol/L were excluded. The prevalence of definite vitamin B(12) deficiency (vitamin B(12) level < 150 pmol/L and MMA >or= 0.4 micromol/L) was 42%. Another 32.8% had possible vitamin B(12) deficiency (either criterion). The prevalence of iron deficiency was 10%. After exclusions, 96 subjects were further analyzed. Vitamin B(12) deficiency defined by serum vitamin B(12) and MMA was associated with a decrease in hemoglobin concentrations by up to 0.9 g/dL, but it was not associated with an increase in mean corpuscular volume (MCV). Serum MMA but not vitamin B(12) levels correlated inversely with hemoglobin and platelet counts and positively with MCV, after adjustment of confounding factors. However, the percentage of subjects with anemia did not increase significantly until serum MMA became >1.0 micromol/L. In conclusion, vitamin B(12) deficiency was associated with a significant decrease in hemoglobin concentration. However, anemia associated with vitamin B(12) deficiency was seldom macrocytic. We recommend that older vegetarians should be given vitamin B(12) supplements routinely.
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PMID:Independent effect of vitamin B12 deficiency on hematological status in older Chinese vegetarian women. 1211 63

The newer hematinics are merely refinements of preexisting forms of treatment, but they have aided particularly in a better understanding of the deficiency states. The intrinsic factor of Castle has not been isolated from the gastric juice, and the interrelationships of this substance with the extrinsic factor (vitamin B(12)) and folic acid have not been defined at this time. Vitamin B(12) appears to be the active principle of refined liver extract and alone is probably adequate treatment for pernicious anemia. The other varieties of megaloblastic anemia may result from deficiency of vitamin B(12) or folic acid, although generally treatment with the latter brings about complete and lasting remission. The use of multihematinics and multivitamin preparations containing folic acid is to be condemned, particularly because of the possibility of their obscuring anemia and thwarting diagnosis of pernicious anemia until neurologic complications have taken place. Saccharated oxide of iron is a relatively safe preparation for intravenous administration, but the indications for its use are few. Because the body has no mechanism for iron excretion, only the amount of iron necessary to make up a deficiency should be given, although there is no definite evidence that hemochromatosis results from overdosage.
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PMID:The newer hematinics, their use and abuse. 1300 94

Derangements of one-carbon metabolism can directly affect the integrity of the genome by producing inappropriate uracil insertion into DNA and by altering patterns of DNA methylation. Vitamin B-12, a one-carbon nutrient, serves as a cofactor in the synthesis of precursors of biological methylation and in nucleotide synthesis. We therefore examined whether vitamin B-12 deficiency can induce these molecular anomalies in the colonic mucosa of rats. Weanling male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 30) were divided into 2 groups and fed either a vitamin B-12-deficient diet or a similar diet containing adequate amounts of the vitamin. Rats from each group were killed at 6 and 10 wk. Uracil misincorporation into DNA was measured by GC/MS and genomic DNA methylation was measured by LC/MS. Plasma vitamin B-12 concentrations in deficient rats were below detectable limits at 6 and 10 wk; in control rats, concentrations were 0.46 +/- 0.07 and 0.42 +/- 0.10 nmol/L at those times. Although the colon total folate concentration did not differ between the groups, the proportion that was methylfolate was marginally greater in the deficient rats at 10 wk (P = 0.05) compared with control, consistent with the "methylfolate trap" that develops during vitamin B-12 deficiency. After 10 wk, the colonic DNA of the deficient rats displayed a 35% decrease in genomic methylation and a 105% increase in uracil incorporation (P < 0.05). This vitamin B-12-deficient diet, which was of insufficient severity to cause anemia or illness, created aberrations in both base substitution and methylation of colonic DNA, which might increase susceptibility to carcinogenesis.
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PMID:Vitamin B-12 deficiency induces anomalies of base substitution and methylation in the DNA of rat colonic epithelium. 1505 21

Idiopathic dyserythropoiesis in a dog was characterized by chronic nonregenerative normocytic normochromic anemia, cellular marrow and abnormal morphology of erythroid precursors. Serum concentrations of Vitamin B(12), folate and iron were inconsistent with secondary causes of dyserythropoiesis. The disorder appeared to be distinct from myelodysplastic syndromes described previously.
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PMID:Idiopathic dyserythropoiesis in a dog. 1515 19

Fatigue, a common symptom among persons living with HIV/AIDS, is often underreported and undertreated. However, given fatigue's pervasive effects on well-being and functioning, the identification of its physiologic and psychological causes and strategies to alleviate it are important to patients' quality of life. As part of a study to understand better how HIV-positive middle-aged and older adults (50+) manage common symptoms, 49 participants discussed in depth their experience with fatigue. Most engaged in both self-care activities and sought the assistance of a health care professional. Frequent strategies included dietary changes, vitamins, modification of routines, rest, exercise, and prescribed medications for anemia, Vitamin B(12) deficiency, or testosterone deficiency. Complementary and alternative medicine (e.g., acupuncture, massage, herbal remedies, special juices) was also commonly used. Participants often used multiple strategies to alleviate their fatigue, possibly because of their tendency to attribute it to multiple causes. These HIV-positive older adults were also apt to view fatigue as an indirect indicator of their overall health status and immune functioning. This may explain why many of the coping strategies they used could be considered approaches to improving their overall health status as a means to increasing their energy levels. Health care professionals can play an important role in helping HIV-positive individuals manage their fatigue. The majority of participants tried to implement the coping suggestions offered by health care professionals, as well as those from family, friends, and support group members.
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PMID:Strategies for coping with fatigue among HIV-positive individuals fifty years and older. 1518 11


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