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Query: UMLS:C0002871 (anemia)
 52,094 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The microvascular bed of the nail matrix was studied in 118 patients with chronic uremia and 25 healthy persons. It was revealed that in chronic renal failure due to chronic nephritis, the changes in microcirculation were more pronounced. Prolonged arterial hypertension led to a graver derangement of the vascular sector of the microcirculatory bed. Red blood cell aggregation depended on the stage of uremia, anemia and impairment of water-electrolyte metabolism. The data obtained on biomicroscopy of the eyeball conjunctiva correlated with the data on capillaroscopy of the nail matrix. The latter technique makes it possible to control the disease and efficacy of the treatment.
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PMID:[The microvascular bed of the nail matrix in patients with chronic uremia]. 262 54

The authors measured the iron contents and 3H-water contents of the lung et al.'s tissues of the guinea-pigs sacrificed by ligature strangulation. Congestion of the heart, lung, liver and kidney and anemia of the spleen were clearly recognized. And, the increase of hematocrit value of the heart blood was observed.
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PMID:[Mechanisms of the pulmonary congestion in ligature strangulation (V)]. 262 76

The effect of varying doses of captopril, an angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitor, on renal hemodynamics, systemic arterial pressure, and the progression of chronic renal disease in conscious, three-quarter nephrectomized adult male Sprague-Dawley rats was studied. Six weeks following nephrectomy (Week 0), rats were randomly divided into five groups. Group 2 (n = 8), 3 (n = 8), 4 (n = 9), and 5 (n = 5) were given 5, 10, 20, and 40 mg/kg captopril, respectively, daily in drinking water. Group 1 (n = 7) and sham-operated controls (n = 7) were given water only. On Weeks -6, 0, 2, and 4, renal function was assessed by 24-hr urinary protein excretion and plasma creatinine. Systolic blood pressure was measured at these times by the tail cuff method. Following Week 4, glomerular filtration rate and effective renal plasma flow were measured in conscious rats by single injection clearance of [3H]inulin and [14C]tetraethylammonium bromide, respectively. Group 1 had significantly higher (P less than 0.05) 24-h urinary protein excretion, plasma creatinine, and systolic pressure compared with Group 5 and controls by Week 4, whereas values for these parameters for Groups 2-4 ranged between these extremes. Although systolic pressures were not significantly different (P greater than 0.05), Group 2 had significantly lower proteinuria than Group 1 (P less than 0.05) at Week 4. Total kidney glomerular filtration rate was similarly decreased in Groups 1-5 compared with control rats. Total kidney effective renal plasma flow was higher in captopril-treated groups than in Group 1, whereas systolic blood pressure was similar or lower, indicating that captopril reduced renal vascular resistance. Furthermore, unlike Groups 1-3, the groups receiving higher doses of captopril (4 and 5) did not develop anemia associated with chronic renal disease. In conclusion, captopril attenuated renal functional deterioration in a dose-related manner. The effect on proteinuria was evident at low doses of captopril which did not significantly reduce systemic blood pressure and was accompanied by an increase in effective renal plasma flow and a decrease in renal vascular resistance.
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PMID:Dose effect of captopril on renal hemodynamics and proteinuria in conscious, partially nephrectomized rats. 264 43

Disorders of the urinary system are common in geriatric dogs. Common urinary disorders that are seen in older dogs include chronic renal failure, urinary incontinence, bladder tumors, and prostate problems. Therapy for chronic renal failure is aimed at both slowing the progression of the disease and ameliorating the signs of uremia. Therapeutic recommendations for the conservative medical management of chronic renal failure include reducing dietary protein, moderately reducing salt intake, maintaining normal serum phosphorus levels, providing free access to water, avoiding stress, supplementing water soluble vitamins, using anabolic steroids to treat the anemia of chronic renal failure, treating acidosis, and controlling hypocalcemia. Urinary incontinence can often be controlled or eliminated. The appropriate approach to management of this disorder is to identify and remove specific causes. Common causes of urinary incontinence are urethral incompetence, urinary tract infection, and polyuria and polydypsia. Bladder tumors are, fortunately, not a common tumor of dogs, but are more common in geriatric dogs than in the young. The most common bladder tumor is the transitional cell carcinoma. Therapy for this tumor is usually palliative because of its malignant nature and because it is usually located in the neck of the bladder. Its location in the bladder often makes it impossible to resect the tumor completely without removing the entire bladder and diverting the ureters. New chemotherapeutic modalities are being evaluated that may increase life expectancy after diagnosis and, therefore, improve prognosis. Prostate disease is also seen in older dogs. Types of prostate abnormalities seen in dogs include prostatic hyperplasia, cysts, abscesses, acute and chronic infection, and neoplasia. The institution of proper therapy requires an accurate diagnosis; neutering is often recommended as a part of therapy regardless of the type of prostatic disease present.
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PMID:Urologic disorders of the geriatric dog. 264 20

In a 5-month study of Salmonella septicaemias in Kenyan children carried out during the annual peak infection period, Salmonella typhimurium septicaemias occurred seven times more frequently than typhoid or other non-typhoid infections. Salmonella typhimurium infections were predominantly community acquired, malnourished infants from rural malaria endemic areas with poor water supply were especially vulnerable. Typical clinical features of fever, diarrhoea, and severe anaemia resembled P. falciparum malaria which often co-existed. Mortality was 18 per cent. Isolates exhibited a wide range of multidrug resistance. Typhoid affected older children, was less severe and drug sensitive.
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PMID:Salmonella septicaemias in Kenyan children. 265 90

Aluminum intoxication is common in patients with chronic renal failure because of absorption of aluminum during dialysis from aluminum-containing dyalysate water and ingestion of phosphate binders containing aluminum. Aluminum accumulation in the body is followed by bone disease, encephalopathy and anemia. Bone diseases can be recorded in 44% of the patients treated with long-term dialysis. Two early histologic types of retarded bone turnover can be seen, i.e. osteomalacia and aplastic bone disease. In dialyzed patients, osteomalacia is usually followed by low PTH level in human serum. On the contrary, studies on uremic rats have shown that previous parathyroidectomy can prevent aluminum intoxication, because hyperparathyroidism in an early phase of chronic renal failure increases aluminum absorption from the gut and its accumulation in the body. As the pathogenesis of aluminum-induced alterations is unclear, the prevention of bone disease should be provided through lowering the aluminum intake in dialyzed patients. Bone biopsy is unavoidable for the early detection and diagnosis of the disease. Promising results in the treatment of aluminum intoxication have been obtained using deferoxamine, a chelating agent.
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PMID:[Aluminum poisoning]. 267 63

Clinical details and present day problems encountered in 425 cases of falciparum malaria (PF) are reported. 10.11% had taken chloroquine prior to reporting to us. Parasitic count done in 23.05% cases lacked correlation with severity of disease. Pattern of fever varied markedly but 5.4% were afebrile throughout and presented only with bodyache and malaise. Apyrexial spell was noted in 5.64%. 28.70% had typical facial looks of anaemia and sallow complexion. Cerebral symptoms were noted in 3.05%. Other symptoms were severe headache 33.4%, pain abdomen 3.29%, gastroenteritis 5.64%, jaundice 2.58% and bronchitis in 7.50%. We encountered subconjunctival haemorrhages with purpura and/or urticaria in four cases, symptoms suggestive of shock lung in 3, pulmonary oedema in 2, severe anaemia (HB less than 4 g%) in seven pregnant ladies, extrapyramidal symptoms in follow up period in 5 and congenital malaria in 2 cases. 83.25% were cured with chloroquine and oxytetracycline. 8.47% (who deteriorated despite the above treatment) were treated with quinine for 6 days. 5.17% (with severe disease) were also given quinine as first line drug. 2.82% (unresponsive to chloroquine and oxytetracycline but with mild disease) were treated with pyrimethamine-sulphamezathine combination for 5 days. One case who did not respond to quinine was treated with quinidine. Recrudescence was seen in 3.67% of patients treated with chloroquine and oxytetracycline. There was no case with renal failure, haemolysis due to G6PD deficiency and black water fever. There was only one death (0.23%) in our series. Self-medication, haphazard therapy and the slogan "Fever may be malaria-take chloroquine" can lead to problems in falciparum malaria.
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PMID:Falciparum malaria--present day problems. An experience with 425 cases. 269 36

Green tea is indispensable to our everyday life. In Japan it has long been common knowledge that the ingestion of green tea should be avoided before and after the intake of iron preparations. There have recently been some reports, however, that deny the effect of green tea on iron preparations. A study was conducted on pregnant patients with anemia, using sodium ferrous citrate (Ferromia). The drug was administered to a group of patients taking green tea and a group taking water. Our results can be summarized as follows. 1. Hemoglobin, serum iron and total iron binding capacity were markedly improved after the administration of the iron preparation, and there was no difference between these parameters in the two groups of patients. 2. There was a tendency for patients with hypochromia to show a more marked improvement in hemoglobin in both groups. 3. Anemia cured in 96.7% of patients in the green tea group and in 93.4% of patients in the water group after the oral administration of the iron preparation. 4. The incidence of side effects stood at 18.3% for the green tea group and 21.9% for the water group, there being no significant difference. No serious side effects were elicited in the present study.
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PMID:[The influence of green tea upon the improvement of iron deficiency anemia with pregnancy treated by sodium ferrous citrate]. 276 64

Child mortality data for various countries of Western Africa are reviewed. According to WHO surveys, child mortality (per 1000) ranges from 68 in Guinea-Bissau to 105 in Nigeria and 179 in Gambia. An extremely high child mortality is associated with inadequate sanitary and hygienic states and poor socioeconomic conditions in this region. Only 20-30% of rural population and slightly higher than 50% of urban population has an access to safe water supply. In Ghana, 47% of the urban population and only 17% of the rural population have sanitation facilities. Almost 80-90% of women in Western Africa are illiterate. Child mortality is directly related to malnutrition. In developing countries, approximately 10-15% of the population suffer from hunger and 40-50% (especially among children) are malnourished. A high level of child mortality in this region is maintained by a high birth rate. The probability of death during the 1st year of life is greater for mothers younger than 20 years old. In countries of Western Africa with child mortality levels 110, an overall mortality is 20, while in countries with child mortality 120-130, an overall mortality is 20-25. Major causes of child mortality in Western Africa are low birth weight, respiratory diseases, gastro intestinal diseases, malnutrition, measles, tetanus, anemia, and whooping cough. The decrease in child mortality can be achieved by development of public health programs, including family planning.
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PMID:[Child mortality in the countries of Western Africa]. 279 65

Mice ingesting 30 to 50% D2O (heavy water, deuterium oxide) developed a dose-dependent depression of formed peripheral blood elements in 4 to 9 days. The principal mechanism of anemia and thrombocytopenia is impaired hematopoiesis. Despite pancytopenia in the peripheral blood, bone marrow cellularity and morphology remained normal. Upon replacement of D2O with tap water, platelet and neutrophil concentrations returned to normal within 48 to 72 hr. In contrast, blood lymphocyte concentrations remained low for several weeks. B-lymphocytes may be more affected by deuteration than other lymphocyte subsets. In vivo reticuloendothelial cell function, as assessed by 51Cr-labeled sheep erythrocyte clearance, was unaffected by D2O. Although a dose-dependent decrease in fluid intake occurred during deuteration, hematocytopenia was not a consequence of dehydration. In view of the known kinetics of D2O in biological systems, the rapid response of myeloid elements to deuteration must be due primarily to the solvent (nonmetabolic) isotope effect. Prolonged deuteration has proven toxic when included in regimens for treatment of neoplasia, including leukemia, in animal models. The present study shows that modulation of hematopoiesis by D2O is possible without invoking the toxicities associated with prolonged deuteration.
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PMID:Effects of deuteration on hematopoiesis in the mouse. 283 49


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