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Query: UMLS:C0002871 (anemia)
 52,094 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The authors analysed the dynamics of the activity of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone, hypophyseal-adrenal, and sympathoadrenal systems in 46 patients during a hemodialysis session according to the type of hemodynamics. No essential changes were encountered in the hormone concentration in patients with normotension and "controllable" hypertension. In patients with "uncontrollable" hypertension the dialysis dehydration was attended by increased activity of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, the level of cortisol and the adrenocorticotropic hormone increased slightly. Daily catecholamine excretion was 2-3.5 times below the lowest normal value. Noradrenaline clearance of the plasma membrane dialyser was 82.1 ml/min. Increase in the concentration of noradrenaline, and the activity of renin and aldosterone were encountered both in hypotension and in arterial hypertension. It is concluded that disturbed water balance, dyselectrolythemia, anemia, infectious complications, etc. are the trigger factor of decompensation of the system of the hormonal hemodynamic regulation. Substitution adrenomimetic therapy for arresting collaptoid reactions is inexpedient. Systematic use of medicinal agents should be avoided in favour of a search for an optimal dialysis regimen, should this prove ineffective the decision should be made in favour of an operation.
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PMID:[The activities of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone and sympathetic-adrenal systems during hemodialysis]. 165 15

Rabbits inoculated subcutaneously with Trypanosoma brucei brucei developed parasitemia, fever, and reduced food and water intake within 4 to 6 days postinoculation. Subsequent alterations in clinicopathologic parameters included anemia and increased circulating nucleated red blood cells, fibrinogenemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and hyperproteinemia. Transient alterations in the numbers of neutrophils and lymphocytes were detected sporadically; however, leukocytosis was not a characteristic of this chronic infectious condition in rabbits.
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PMID:Pathophysiologic correlates of experimental trypanosomiasis in rabbits. 166 3

Multimodality and differentiated treatment of small-intestinal diseases is to combine methods of etiological action with pathogenetic treatment of the main clinical syndromes: chronic diarrhea, malabsorption syndrome, hypercatabolic exudative enteropathy. Each nosological form should be treated specifically. Pathogenetic treatment involves diet therapy, chemotherapeutic correction of metabolic processes (vitamin administration, recovery of normal protein and lipid metabolism, water and electrolyte balance, anemia), management of chronic diarrhea. Treatment regimens are specified for gluten enteropathies, total variable immunodeficiency, Whipple disease, small-intestinal diverticulosis, Crohn's disease, amyloidoses, intestinal lymphoma and retroperitoneal lymph nodes. Clinical experience justifies the above methods as highly effective.
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PMID:[Treatment of chronic diseases of the small intestine]. 172 19

The purpose of this study was to examine, by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), the nature of the protective effect of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) on hearts of copper-deficient (CuD) rats. Male, weanling Sprague-Dawley rats were fed, in a two-way design, CuD (0.45 micrograms/g) or copper-sufficient (CuS, 5.4 micrograms/g) diets with or without 5% DMSO in their drinking water. After 28 d, CuD rats showed typical signs of copper deficiency, including reduced liver and heart Cu, enlarged hearts, and anemia. DMSO-treated, CuD rats had lower heart weights and higher hematocrits than CuD rats. DMSO enhanced organ Cu concentrations in CuS, but not in CuD rats. TEM of CuD hearts showed myofibrillar distortion and enlarged, vacuolated mitochondria with fragmented cristae; morphometric measurements indicated an enhanced mitochondrial/myofibrillar ratio (mito/myo), but an increase of both mitochondrial and myofibrillar mass relative to CuS hearts. Compared to CuD hearts, DMSO-treated CuD hearts showed better mitochondrial morphology and myofibrillar organization, as well as a greater mito/myo, but lower mitochondrial and myofibrillar masses. Its function as a hydroxyl radical scavenger indicates that DMSO could protect CuD hearts, in particular their mitochondria, against oxidative damage. However, because measurements of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances were not consistent with this theory, other metabolic mechanisms, direct and indirect, must be examined.
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PMID:Effect of dimethyl sulfoxide on enlarged hearts of copper-deficient rats. 172 15

To investigate whether the clinical history and basic laboratory test results can differentiate between an organic or functional cause of chronic diarrhea and thus avoid unnecessary hospital admissions and invasive procedures, we reviewed the charts of 58 adult patients admitted during 6 years because of chronic diarrhea who had normal stool and colonic examinations. The final diagnoses were irritable bowel syndrome in 34 patients, organic diarrhea in 21, and unknown cause in three. The following clinical data did not help in the differential diagnosis: age, sex, duration of diarrhea, presence of continuous diarrhea, abdominal pain, stool frequency or volume, and presence of stool mucus. Significant weight loss, nocturnal diarrhea, and the absence of tenesmus were associated with an organic cause. One or more laboratory alterations (increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate, anemia, hypokalemia, and low serum albumin level) were found in 62% of patients with organic diarrhea but in only 3% of those with functional disease; p less than 0.001. In 20 of 21 patients with organic diarrhea, an syndromic diagnosis (fat malabsorption, n = 13; inflammatory bowel disease, n = 4; and secretory diarrhea, n = 3) could be obtained with three simple tests (stool fat, rectal biopsy, and fecal water osmolality and electrolyte determination, respectively). Our study confirms that a detailed history and a few simple laboratory data can help to distinguish between functional and organic diarrhea and so avoid extensive investigation. The syndromic diagnosis of organic diarrhea can also be approximated with relatively easy tests.
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PMID:Chronic diarrhea with normal stool and colonic examinations: organic or functional? 174 88

To explore the role of systemic hematocrit in the vascular adaptations which characterize desoxycorticosterone-salt hypertension, studies were performed in three groups of rats with uninephrectomy, desoxycorticosterone administration, and 1% saline in the drinking water. One group received recombinant human erythropoietin to increase hematocrit, and another group was subjected to phlebotomy and fed a low-iron diet to induce anemia. Control rats exhibited systemic and glomerular capillary hypertension, proteinuria, and substantial glomerular sclerosis at 8 wk. Erythropoietin modestly increased hematocrit and blood pressure and substantially aggravated glomerular capillary pressure, proteinuria, and glomerular sclerosis. In contrast, reduction of hematocrit with a low-iron diet significantly attenuated systemic and glomerular hypertension, proteinuria, and sclerosis. It was concluded that the pace of progression of glomerular injury can be limited by chronic reduction in hematocrit, which effectively ameliorates both systemic and glomerular hypertension in this model of salt-sensitive hypertensive renal disease.
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PMID:Anemia ameliorates progressive renal injury in experimental DOCA-salt hypertension. 176 13

Human recombinant erythropoietin is of proven value in the treatment of the anaemia of renal failure. The aluminium content of 36 ampoules of water for injection supplied for use with recombinant erythropoietin has been measured and ranged from 24 to 450 micrograms/l, with a median of 251 micrograms/l. In three samples, which may have been contaminated on opening, the range was from 1770 to 6160 micrograms/l. In Water for Injection BP, values ranged from 66 to 140 micrograms/l with a median of 99 micrograms/l. Reconstituted erythropoietin did not contain any more aluminium than could be accounted for by the water. Ampoules of a second brand of erythropoietin, supplied already in solution, contained from 506 to 837 micrograms/l aluminium (median 682 micrograms/l). In view of the lifelong duration of erythropoietin therapy clinicians and pharmaceutical companies should be aware of this potential problem. Although the amount of aluminium delivered with each injection is usually less than 4 micrograms, it is suggested that active steps are taken to establish a British Pharmacopoeia limit on the aluminium content of injections.
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PMID:Aluminium content of water for injection used with recombinant human erythropoietin. 177 51

The authors analyzed the condition of 51 patients in the early period of operation for ulcer and cholelithiasis. It was found that most patients showed asthenic, dyspeptic and pam syndromes, anemia, hypoacidic or achylous gastritis, inflammation at the operative site. As a result of treatment at the Mirgorod health resort (physiotherapy, mineral water) there occurred a significant improvement in the patients' condition. It is concluded that rehabilitation of patients following surgical intervention on the 20th day of operation for ulcer and cholelithiasis at the Mirgorod health resort has good perspectives.
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PMID:[The early rehabilitation of patients, operated on for peptic ulcer and cholelithiasis, at Mirgorod health resort]. 179 68

The objectives was to assess the determinants of and rates of abortion, stillbirth, and infant mortality for a cohort of pregnant women from slums in New Delhi, Calcutta, and Madras, India and rural slums in Hyderabad, Varanasi, and Chandigarh, India in 1981. The relationship of low birthweight (LBW) and high risk pregnancies to social, environmental, nutritional, cultural, and biological factors was of interest. The results showed variation both between and within urban and rural areas. Rural pregnancy outcome showed fewer LBWs and perinatal and neonatal mortality. Perinatal, neonatal, and infant mortality rates were consistent with prior findings. There was a demonstrated need for prenatal care and referral due to the 10-12% with a poor obstetric history and the significant number with anemia, bleeding, hypertension, toxemia, and urinary tract infections during this pregnancy. Many women were malnourished (body weight 40 kg, height 145 cm, and midarm circumference of 22.5 cm. These women can be identified as high risk. Other risk factors identified were women with disadvantageous personal habits: smoking, alcohol use, tobacco chewing, and working. 10-25% of pregnancies were not registered even though the prenatal clinic was accessible and outreach was provided. 20% completed the recommended number of prenatal visits. 75-85% visited at least once and sometimes more often. Screening for high risk must be done at the 1st visit. Women had strong feelings about the preference for a Dai during delivery and for place of delivery. Poor training of health workers was reflected in the lack of adequate sanitation during the birthing process. Neonatal units were lacking and primary care absent. 10-14% of births were preterm of which 50% occurred at 36 weeks. Multiple regression identified risk factors for fetal and neonatal mortality and LBW as maternal age, preterm birth, maternal anemia, previous preterm or LBW, birth interval, and previous fetal and neonatal mortality. Recommendations are for improving sanitation, hygiene, and water supplies, promoting community awareness of the adverse effects of early marriage and close birth spacing, improving the delivery of health care, allocating health resources based on morality rates, using an intersectoral approach for dealing with the complex social and personal habits adversely affecting childbearing and 7 other suggestions. Existing services and their use are inadequate.
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PMID:ICMR Task Force National Collaborative Study on Identification of High Risk Families, Mothers and Outcome of their Off-springs with particular reference to the problem of maternal nutrition, low birth weight, perinatal and infant morbidity and mortality in rural and urban slum communities. Summary, conclusions and recommendations. 181 69

This investigation is part of a large project, the objective of which is to study the possibility of utilizing drinking water as a carrier of nutrients, such as iron. Various iron salts and in different concentrations, were added to water and tested for their effect on color and turbidity. The bioavailability of various forms of iron salts added to drinking water was tested using the rat bioassay technique. The results of this study indicated that ferric ammonium citrate changed very little the color and turbidity of the water solutions. It was considered the best suitable form of iron to be added to drinking chloride water. Ferric ammonium citrate, ferrous sulfate and ferrous gluconate were all found effective in preventing rat anemia when added to their drinking water.
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PMID:[The use of drinking water as a vehicle of nutrients: experimental studies with iron]. 182 17


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