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Query: UMLS:C0002871 (anemia)
 52,094 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Studies were carried out from June 1974 to May 1975 on the socio-economic status, health and nutritional status of the people in 4 villages, in the irrigation area of the Nong Wai Pioneer Agricultural Project of Khon Kaen Province, Northeast Thailand. The result obtained were compared with those in 2 non-irrigated villages in the same province, in order to identify the health and nutritional problems which might arise during the water resource development in the irrigation area. It was found that in the irrigated villages 90% of the peoples were farmers, while in the non-irrigated villages all were farmers. The socio-economic status of the people in the irrigated villages was much better than those in the non-irrigated ones. The income per family in the former was about three times greater than that in the latter. In the study of the health conditions of the villagers, the vulnerable age group including pre-school children under 7 years of age and school children in the elementary school class 1 and class 2, aged 7-9 years old, served as subjects for investigation. Haematological and physical examinations revealed many children with mild to moderate anaemia, vitamin B2 deficiency and a few cases of hepatomegaly. Anaemic children were found to be more prevalent in the non-irrigated villages than in the irrigated area. The overall parasitic infection rates in children in the irrigated and non-irrigated villages were similar with respect to severity of the infection. Hookworm infection, opisthorchiasis, strongyloidiasis and giardiasis were the leading parasitic infections, while amoebiasis was rare. Ascariasis and trichuriasis were not found. However, the first two helminthic infections had a low grade of intensity. The nutritional status of pre-school children, showed that there were more children with good growth in the irrigated villages than in the non-irrigated one. Serum proteins, albumin and globulin, and urinary urea nitrogen-creatinine ratio revealed normal findings indicating that the children had sufficient protein intake. The results of the urinary hydroxyproline-creatinine index suggested that many of the children in both groups of the villages were at marginal malnutrition status. Surveys on domestic animals including cattle, buffaloes, pigs, and field rats revealed no important zoonotic diseases except leptospirosis in a few rats. Some fish were found to harbour metacercariae of Opisthorchis viverrini, while some snails were positive for cercariae of O. viverrini, Schistosoma spindale, and Echinostoma malayanum. The overall findings indicated that the water resource development by establishing better irrigation, resulted in an improved socio-economic and nutritional status among the villagers, but health conditions and associated parasitic diseases and some nutritional deficiency still existed in the children. However, the findings from this study provide only preliminary data concerning the socio-economic status, health, and nutritional status of the villagers in the irrigation area...
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PMID:Socio-economic, health and nutritional status of the villagers in the Nong Wai irrigation area, Khon Kaen, Northeast Thailand. 103 Aug 56

Hematograms, platelet function, and blood-enzyme chemistry were compared in two similar saturation-excursion dives, one conducted in a hyperbaric chamber and the other in the open sea. The chamber dive was more stressful in that it was preceded by a series of bounce decompression dives (one of which produced a 100% incidence of cutaneous pruritus in four subjects) and in that the excursions from saturation depth (60 fsw or 2.818 ATA) were longer and deeper (producing one case of O2 convulsions, one of confirmed decompression sickness, and several of Doppler-detected vascular bubbles). The chamber dive was associated with a marked and significant reduction in circulating platelet count; significant increases in plasma enzyme activities in the victim of O2 toxicity (LDH, CPK) and in one subject with Doppler bubbles and questionable bends symptoms (LDH, GOT, GPT) but not in another; and mild but significant anemia. In the open-water dive, one subject, who developed symptoms of gastroenteritis, showed moderate elevation of LDH, GOT, and GPT activity. No significant change in platelet counts occurred. Both dives were associated with elevated white-cell counts, apparently as a result of numerous minor infections, and reduced sensitivity of platelets of ADP-induced aggregation.
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PMID:Hematology and blood chemistry in saturation diving: II. Open-sea vs. hyperbaric chamber. 122 83

The koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) (from the Greek phascolarctos meaning leather pouch and bear, cinereus ashen grey in colour) is Australia's most admired native animal but very little scientific reference material is available on this unique animal. The demands of the fur trade during the latter half of the last century and up to the 1920's almost exterminated the koala and this tragic episode from the past is briefly recounted. Koalas are nocturnal and arboreal. Details of appearance, distribution, breeding, diet, water intake, volatile eucalypt oil detoxication and handling are briefly described, while information concerning intravenous injections, anaesthetic agents antibiotic therapy and fluid therapy are given. As an aid to veterinarians presented with koalas to examine, tables are presented for physiological, haematological and biochemical values. Pathological conditions found on post mortem examination are summarised, while disease conditions such as anaemia, keratoconjuctivitis, toxoplasmosis, cryptococcocis, reproductive disorders, miscellaneous conditions and internal and external parasites are mentioned. Finally, the future of the koala is discussed. Diminishing habitat, depletion of food supplies, bushfires, the threat of disease, coupled with a paucity of relevant scientific information, create an uncertain future for the koala. A plea is made to totally protect and expand the very few remaining known koala breeding areas especially in Victoria, and for veterinarians to become involved in conservation programs and wildlife research in order that the future of the koala in common with all other native species may be assured.
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PMID:The koala (Phascolarctos cinereus)! past, present and future. 123 67

Twenty patients with anemia and massive splenomegaly were studied in order to elucidate the mechanism by which splenomegaly results in plasma volume expansion. In 18 patients, increased plasma volume accounted for most of the anemia. Fourteen patients had an exaggerated renin response to standing, mean 1967 +/- 613 (SE) ng angiotensin ll/100 ml plasma (p less than 0.05). The mean resting forearm blood flow was increased 3.47 +/- 0.32 (SE) ml/100 ml forearm tissue (p less than 0.001). The venous capacitance was normal, as contrasted to a marked decrease in venous capacitance in patients with anemia of comparable degree without splenomegaly. Cardiac indices were increased in 10 of 11 patients (range 4.1-8.1 liters/min/sq m). In nine of ten patients oxygen consumption was increased (range 147-231 ml/min/sq m). Splenectomy was performed on 14 patients. Splenic blood flow was elevated in four of four patients (range 750-2000 ml/min). Splenic A-V oxygen difference was exaggerated in seven of seven patients and in three of three patients splenic indocyanine-green dye dilution curve failed to show an early peak suggestive of A-V shunting in the spleen. Free portal pressure was elevated in 12 of 12 patients and decreased immediately after splenectomy. The intravascular albumin mass decreased in ten patients, was unchanged in three at 2-4 mo after splenectomy, and was accompanied by a rise in the plasma albumin concentration in nine. These data suggest that a flow-induced portal hypertension with expansion of the portal vascular space is an important early hemodynamic change. This finding, together with a decreased peripheral resistance, probably results in a decrease in effective intravascular volume, resulting in stimulation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and other renal hemodynamic changes necessary for salt and water retention. Splenectomy usually accomplishes a complete reversal of these abnormalities and correction of the anemia.
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PMID:Mechanism of dilutional anemia in massive splenomegaly. 126 Jan 26

Electrocardiographic and central venous pressure (CVP) records were taken during 30 exchange transfusions practiced to 26 newborns. The technique of two vessels was employed in 26 cases. Operations lasted 84.8 minutes as an average. There was only one death and the transfusion was discontinued in another case because of clinical aggravation and many disorders in the ECG. These disorders reached 40% of the cases with marked predominance of hypocalcemia which appeared as "initial" in three babies with previous history of transfusion. CVP was usually higher than reported for normal newborns and was equal to values found in a similar group of isoimmuned infants. It was high in seven cases, out of which, four complained of severe hemolytic disease and obviously, of anemia. Initial removal of 10 to 20 ml. of blood in these cases, allowed a drop of 3 to 4 cm. of H2O in CVP and its further maintenance at stable levels.
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PMID:[Electrocardiography and central venous pressure during exchange transfusion]. 127 63

A total of 75 mothers whose babies under 4 months old were hospitalized with lactation failure were studied. The age of the mothers varied from 16 years to 40 years with a mean of 23.7 years. 50 (66.7%) of the mothers were from the urban areas. 43 (57.3%) of them were primipara and 61 (81.3%) were Hindus. All the mothers given prelacteal feeds comprising water, water with sugar or glucose, milk (goat, cow, or milk powder) to their babies. The commonest cause of lactation failure with insufficient milk or no milk (80%). The age, parity, education, socioeconomic status, religion, family structure, and urban vs. rural residence of mother had a bearing on the occurrence of lactation failure. The initiation of breast feeding was delayed for 2-5 days usually for traditional reasons (77.3%) and because the mothers felt that the milk output was inadequate (92%). Only 4 (5.3%) mothers had complete lactation failure and practiced exclusive top feeding. Of the 71 (94.7%) mothers with partial lactation failure, 41 (54.7%) were giving frequent breast feeds while 30 (40%) were breast feeding occasionally. Relactation was attempted in all cases. Mothers have been motivated to breast feed and were provided adequate rest, nutrition, and psychological support. If lactation was still not established, then metoclopramide was given orally in the 8-hourly dosage of 10 mg for 10 days. If this also failed, nursing supplementer was tried. The relactation attempt was successful in 49 (69.3%) partial and 3 (7.5%) complete lactation failure cases. Relactation failed in 22 (30.7%) mothers with partial lactation failure and 1 (2.5%) mother with complete lactation failure. (26.7%) mothers with partial lactation failure were lost to follow up. Out of 4 cases of complete lactation failure, 1 had severe anemia with hypoproteinemia, the 2nd developed intense dislike of her baby at birth, the 3rd had tuberculosis and was advised not to breast feed, and in the 4th case the mother stopped breast feeding completely because she felt that her milk was unsuitable.
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PMID:Lactation failure. 129

The hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) are syndromes of microangiopathic hemolytic anemia dominated by renal failure in children and by neurological signs in adults. Microvascular thrombosis is the typical lesion and endothelial injury is likely the initial event. Over the last 40 years, the prognosis has significantly improved, probably as the result of better supportive management of anemia, renal failure, hypertension, and electrolyte and water imbalances, but still remains poor in adults with renal arteriolar thrombosis and neurological involvement. Many specific therapies have been used and, based on reports of a few cases, a consensus has been reached empirically that recognizes antiplatelet agents and plasma manipulation as the most appropriate therapy for adult HUS and TTP. Their effectiveness, however, still remains to be formally tested in prospective controlled trials. Recently, we saw a 23-year-old man with a history of recurrent episodes of HUS in childhood and of TTP since the age of 21. HUS always disappeared following blood transfusions, whereas prompt remissions of the episodes of TTP were obtained with plasma exchange. In order to avoid the use of plasma, alternate forms of therapy were tried. However, aspirin (50 mg/day), prednisone (1 mg/kg bw/d), and human immunoglobulins (0.5 mg/kg/d) were ineffective, and plasma exchange was needed to obtain remission. During two more recent relapses, fresh-frozen plasma was infused as the initial therapy and produced a complete remission within few days, thus preventing the need for plasma exchange. During the last relapse, plasma exchange with albumin and saline failed to induce remission and plasma infusion was required.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Plasma manipulation in hemolytic uremic syndrome and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. 130 Aug 82

A total of 900 children aged 3, 6, and 12 were examined. The findings evidence a lowered rate of salivary secretion and salivary levels of Ca and P, as well as a lower solubility of enamel for Ca and P in the children born fifth-eight. The incidence of dental hypoplasia and caries in these children was higher than in those born second in the family. Pregnancy aggravations (anemia, gestosis, etc.) in women who had had multiple deliveries and frequent diseases of their infants are the factors conducive to the reduction of dental resistance to caries and hypoplasia. The children born after multiple deliveries of their mothers should be referred to a risk group, and they should be observed by dentists and pediatricians since infancy. In regions with low fluorine levels in potable water antenatal caries prevention with fluorine preparations should be carried out. The program of comprehensive prevention of dental diseases should comprise both medical and social aspects.
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PMID:[The clinico-laboratory characteristics of the hard dental tissues in children born to multiparous women]. 130 69

In rural Dabou, Ivory Coast, a retrospective study was conducted of 141 children aged 6 months to 7 years admitted for malnutrition to the pediatric department of the Dabou Protestant Hospital between October 10, 1990, and April 14, 1991, to examine nutrition rehabilitation of the malnourished children and to propose a strategy using locally available means. The age group most represented was the 7-18 month old group. 26 children had anemia and 23 required a blood transfusion. Depending on the anthropometric indicator, 19.31-77.6% of the children were diagnosed with severe malnutrition (arm circumference for height and arm circumference, respectively). Nutritional rehabilitation consisted of five food regimens and nutrition education. It always began with an embolus of milky water delivered nasogastrically. Oral rehydration solution was sometimes mixed with the milky water. The children systematically received medical treatment: antibiotics, antifungal drugs, metronidazole, antiparasitic drugs, antimalarial drug, and adjuvant treatment (polyvitamins, minerals, kwashiorkor solution [potassium chloride plus magnesium], and one dose of vitamin A). Health workers weighed the children every day, conducted a tuberculin test, and tested for hematocrit. Weight gain was 56 g/day for marasmus patients, 46 g/day for underweight patients, and 15 g/day for marasmic kwashiorkor patients. Kwashiorkor patients lost 25 g/day. 70 patients were admitted to the Nutritional Rehabilitation Center of the hospital. 38% of the 50 who could be followed recovered and reached their ideal weight. 33.3% of the children were the first born child in the family. Recovery appeared to be directly proportional to the mean daily expenses of the family. More than 50% of children of families who spent more than 80 CFA/person/day recovered while few children whose families spent less than 60 CFA/person/day recovered.
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PMID:[Management of malnourished children. Cases from the Protestant Hospital of Dabou]. 133 66

Jakarta is the capital and biggest city of Indonesia with a total population of 10 million. The National Census Office revealed a rapid increase in population through 1985 to 1990. This rapid increase has brought many devastating effects on various aspects of life such as housing, food stock and food production, health and environmental conditions, education, socio-economic and cultural life and political stability. All of these factors contribute to malnutrition in the city as well as in the country as a whole. Data obtained from the Municipal Health Offices showed an unsatisfactory health status having a crude birth rate (CBR) of 2.80%; crude death rate (CDR) of 0.68%; and family size of 5.5. Undernutrition among under-five children still is alarming with a prevalence of 27.91%. Anemia also afflicts a great number of pregnant mothers (70%) and preschool children (38.6%). Nutrition problems are worst in urban areas with their high population density; moderate and severe PEM is 5.63% in urban areas compared with 3.7% moderate PEM and no PEM in rural areas. Jakarta is experiencing rapid urbanization. The presence of slums, air and water pollution in city is a paramount factor leading to poor environmental conditions. The existing health system cannot keep pace with the increasing occurrence of infectious diseases brought about by these unfavorable conditions. Unemployment and underemployment as well as rising costs of foodstuffs cause inadequate food availability at the household level. Due to the grinding poverty experienced by the low socio-economic groups, female workers occupy almost one-third of Indonesia's labor force, hence inadequate care is given to children. All these are factors aggravating the nutritional problems in the country.
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PMID:Nutrition situation in metropolitan Jakarta. 134 55


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