Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0002871 (anemia)
 52,094 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The purpose of this study was to define the physiologic responses of the heart and peripheral circulation to chronic anemia using noninvasive measurements while eliminating confounding biochemical, pharmacologic and physiologic variables. Stable chronic hemodialysis patients were studied at the University Hospital based chronic dialysis unit and echocardiography laboratory before and after therapy with human recombinant erythropoietin (rHuEPO). Subjects included maintenance hemodialysis patients free of left ventricular regional wall motion abnormalities discernible by echocardiography, rhythm disturbance, significant valvular or ischemic heart disease. Two-dimensional echocardiograms and simultaneous targeted M-mode echocardiograms, phonocardiograms and externally acquired subclavian artery pulse tracings were used to measure whole blood viscosity, arterial blood gases and ionized calcium, complete blood count, electrolytes, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and inorganic phosphate. All measurements were made immediately post-dialysis before and after therapy with rHuEPO. The interval between pre- and post-rHuEPO studies was 8.3 +/- 2.3 months. We found that post-dialysis hematocrit rose from 24.7 +/- 0.9 to 36.4 +/- 0.9%, hemoglobin from 83 +/- 3 to 121 +/- 3 g/liter and whole blood viscosity from 2.87 +/- 0.11 to 3.71 +/- 0.18 centipoise (all, P < 0.001 after therapy with rHuEPO). The remaining biochemical measurements did not change. Heart rate fell from 83 +/- 3 to 77 +/- 3 beats/min (P = 0.013). Left ventricular preload and afterload were not statistically different before and after rHuEPO. Total vascular resistance rose from 1313 +/- 84 to 1568 +/- 129 dynes.sec.cm-5, P = 0.029. Cardiac output and cardiac index fell by 12 and 15% (P = 0.024 and 0.030), respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Cardiovascular consequences of correction of the anemia of renal failure with erythropoietin. 830 32

The experience with cytogenetic and flow cytometry methods used for the diagnosis of Fanconi anemia (FA) in one center is summarized. The tests consist of chromosomal breakage and cell cycle studied after sensitization by the introduction of nitrogen mustard into phytohemagglutinin-stimulated blood-cell cultures. The cytogenetic test was shown to be reliable in ascertaining the diagnosis of FA. Flow cytometry studies showed a marked increase in the percentage of cells in G2/M phase in FA patients after sensitization by nitrogen mustard. This increase, however, could not be detected in three FA patients with myelodysplasia or acute leukemia and the results were ambiguous on three occasions.
 ...
PMID:Fanconi anemia. Chromosome breakage and cell cycle studies. 837 93

The effect of 20 Gy intraoperative bilateral local kidney irradiation was compared in rats treated after irradiation with dexamethasone and untreated rats. Ninety days after irradiation, body weights, WBC, RBC, hematocrit, and renal function (plasma urea nitrogen concentration and retention of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) were measured. The animals were then sacrificed and the kidneys were analyzed for water and hydroxyproline content and examined histologically. Local kidney irradiation reduced animal growth, prevented renal growth, decreased renal mass and renal function, and increased the water and hydroxyproline content of the kidneys. Histopathological examination revealed glomerular damage (atrophy, decreased RBC and endothelial cells, increased mesangial matrix), tubular damage (epithelial denudation, congestion with hyalin casts), and increased concentration of interstitial cells. Dexamethasone treatment significantly ameliorated the effects of kidney irradiation on body weights, renal mass, renal function, and the development of anemia. Dexamethasone had no effect on radiation-induced edema or fibrosis as measured by the water and hydroxyproline content of the kidneys. Dexamethasone-treated irradiated kidneys had significantly less damage to the glomeruli and tubules. The results suggest that dexamethasone is cytoprotective and prevents the destruction of the nephron.
 ...
PMID:Amelioration of radiation nephropathy in rats by dexamethasone treatment after irradiation. 847 58

Nitrogen compounds occur in excess in the air, water, soil and food, which unfavourably affects human's health, causing a number of diseases. Toxic effect of nitrates and nitrites ought to be mentioned here in the first place. Nitrates and nitrites cause intoxications, specially of infants and of children, manifesting themselves by methemoglobinemia, anaemia and decreased content of vitamin A in the liver. Besides, nitrates and nitrites participate in the formation of strong nitrogen carcinogenic compounds, which may lead to stomach cancer. Due to big harmfulness of nitrogen compounds one should strive after lowering, minimizing their presence in the environment.
 ...
PMID:[Nitrogen compounds and their role in the contamination of the environment]. 853 51

Seven related Bernese Mountain Dogs developed a syndrome Characterized by progressive cerebellar and hepatic disease. Clinically, stiffness in the hind limbs, mild incoordination, and a slight head tremor were first noticeable when pups were 4 to 6 weeks old. The condition progressed, causing pups to assume a wide-based stance. Other signs included head bobbing, spontaneous nystagmus, and, finally, paresis. Hematologic findings included leukocytosis with a left shift; normocytic, normochromic anemia; hypoproteinemia, low serum creatinine, and urea nitrogen concentrations; excessive fasting plasma ammonia concentration; and an increase in concentration of serum bile acids. Portal venography performed on 1 dog revealed a small liver and extensive extrahepatic varicosities. Necropsy revealed cerebellar hypoplasia, nodular liver, extensive abdominal varicosities, and ascites. Histologically, degeneration and depletion of Purkinje's cells and vacuolation, degeneration, and nodular regeneration of hepatic tissues were evident. Preliminary analysis of the pedigree was suggestive of an autosomal recessive pattern of inheritance.
 ...
PMID:Clinical, hematologic, and biochemical features of a syndrome in Bernese mountain dogs characterized by hepatocerebellar degeneration. 863 71

Among plasma cell disorders, solitary plasmacytoma (solitary plasmacytoma of bone, SPB and extramedullary plasmacytoma, EMP) is rare as compared with multiple myeloma (MM). Furthermore, the relationship between solitary plasmacytoma and MM remains unclear. Between 1960 and 1994, 24 patients with SPB and 20 with EMP were treated. The criteria for diagnosis were: (1) no evidence of other lesions based on clinical and radiologic examinations; (2) biopsy evidence of a plasma cell neoplasm; (3) bone marrow biopsy specimen with negative findings (less than 10% plasma cells); (4) no anemia, hypercalcemia or renal involvement. The average follow-up period was 112 months (from 6 to 360 months). Fifty-four percent of patients with SBP and 40% of patients with EMP developed MM, however, there was no significant statistical difference between SPB and EMP (P > 0.05). We suggested that solitary plasmacytomas be classified as two types, latent and aggressive. The former was histologically well-differentiated plasmacytoma. The latter was poorly differentiated tumors which easily progress to MM. The treatment of choice is wide excision or thorough curettage, by cryogenic necrosis with liquid nitrogen or cautery of the bony wall with phenol and the cavity filled with bone grafts or cementation. All patients with apparently isolated plasmacytoma should receive local radiotherapy after operation. Adjuvant chemotherapy should be given if the tumour turns out to be poorly differentiated, in order to delay their progression to MM.
 ...
PMID:[Solitary plasmacytomas of bone and extramedullary plasmacytomas]. 873 11

Groups of 30 Wistar rats of each sex were treated with 2,2'-methylenebis(4-ethyl-6-tert-butylphenol) (MBEBP) in the diet at levels of 0, 0.03, 0.1 and 0.3% for up to 18 months. In both sexes, survival rates of treated groups were similar to those of the controls. Body weight gain was depressed (0.3% group in males, 0.1 and 0.3% groups in females). Slight anaemia (0.3% groups in both sexes) and increase of blood urea nitrogen (0.3% groups in both sexes) were observed. Histopathologically, vacuolization of the parathyroid gland cells (0.3% group in males and all treated groups in females) and degenerative changes of the kidney (0.1 and 0.3% groups in males) were observed. No neoplastic responses following MBEBP administration were noted. From these results, the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) for MBEBP toxicity was estimated as 12 mg kg-1 body wt. day-1 in male rats. In female rats, the lowest-observed-adverse-effect level (LOAEL) was estimated as 15 mg kg-1 body wt. day-1.
 ...
PMID:Chronic oral toxicity of a synthetic antioxidant, 2,2'-methylenebis(4-ethyl- 6-tert-butylphenol), in rats. 882 71

Fanconi anemia (FA) cells are hypersensitive to cytotoxicity, cell cycle arrest, and chromosomal aberrations induced by DNA cross-linking agents, such as mitomycin C (MMC) and nitrogen mustard (HN2). Although MMC hypersensitivity is complemented in a subset of FA cells (complementation group C [FA-C]) by wild-type FAC cDNA, the cytoprotective mechanism is unknown. In the current study, we tested the hypothesis that FAC protein functions in the suppression of DNA interstand cross-link (ISC)-induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Comparison of HN2-induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis with those of its non-cross-linking analogs, diethylaminoethyl chloride and 2-dimethylaminoethyl chloride, delineated the DNA ISC specificity of FAC-mediated cytoprotection. Overexpression of wild-type FAC cDNA in FA-C lymphoblasts (HSC536N cell line) prevented HN2-induced growth inhibition, G2 arrest, and DNA fragmentation that is characteristic of apoptosis. In contrast cytoprotection was not conferred against the effects of the non-cross-linking mustards. Our data show that DNA ISCs induce apoptosis more potently than do DNA monoadducts and suggest that FAC suppresses specifically DNA ISC-induced apoptosis in the G2 phase of the cell cycle.
 ...
PMID:The Fanconi anemia complementation group C protein corrects DNA interstrand cross-link-specific apoptosis in HSC536N cells. 882 51

The effects of cisplatin on erythropoietin (EPO) production were investigated in comparison with the effects of phenylhydrazine in rats. Cisplatin (4.5 mg/kg i.p. bolus) decreased red blood cell count (RBC), hematocrit (Hct) and hemoglobin concentration (Hgb) for 14 days after dosing. These decreases were accompanied with increases of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine (s-CRE). Both serum EPO concentration and kidney EPO mRNA content were significantly decreased in cisplatin-treated rats. On the other hand, phenylhydrazine (10 mg/kg p.o. once a day for 8 days) decreased RBC, Hct and Hgb, and increased serum EPO concentration and kidney EPO mRNA content. Phenylhydrazine had little effect on BUN or s-CRE. These results suggest that a suppression of EPO production is involved in the pathophysiology of cisplatin-induced renal anemia and that measurement of serum EPO concentration and kidney EPO mRNA content is available for distinguishing renal anemia from hemolytic anemia.
 ...
PMID:Effects of cisplatin on erythropoietin production in rats. 888 84

1. The effects of chronic administration of erythropoietin (EPO) on blood pressure and renal function in rats with ablation of renal mass were assessed. 2. Spontaneously hypertensive rat were subjected to 5/6 nephrectomy (5/6Nx). Four weeks after the operation, the rats were randomly allocated to vehicle, EPO 20IU/kg i.p., or EPO 100 IU/kg i.p. (both given twice a week) for 4 weeks. 3. Marked anaemia was noted in SHR-5/6Nx. EPO caused a significant increase in haematocrit at a high dose but not at a low dose. A dose dependent relationship was noted in the EPO-induced rise in the systolic blood pressure. 4. EPO dose-dependently increased urinary protein excretion. It also increased blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine levels. 5. These results suggest that EPO ameliorates anaemia and severely accelerates renal failure in SHR-5/6Nx. They also suggest that anaemia can be a haemodynamically favorable adaptation to chronic renal disease and that its correction may have adverse renal haemodynamic and structural consequences.
 ...
PMID:Effects of recombinant human erythropoietin on blood pressure and renal function in SHR with chronic renal failure. 907 39


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10