Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0002871 (anemia)
 52,094 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In calves with severe iron (Fe) deficiency, insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I levels and IGF-I responses to exogenous growth hormone (GH) are reduced, while insulin-dependent glucose utilization is enhanced. Blood plasma concentrations of immunoreactive insulin (IRI), IGF-I, IGF-II and GH, and the half-life of blood plasma GH [after an i.v. injection of recombinant bovine GH (rbGH; 100 micrograms rbGH/kg body weight)] were measured in 20 calves at body weights between 160 and 190 kg. Calves were fed milk replacers containing 50 or 10 mg Fe/kg (groups Fe50 and Fe10, respectively). Daily weight gain and feed utilization were similar in both groups. Group Fe10 developed mild Fe deficiency anemia and blood plasma urea-nitrogen concentrations were higher (p < 0.05) than in group Fe50. IGF-I and IGF-II concentrations did not vary consistently over a 10-hour period and were not significantly influenced by different Fe intakes. The IRI concentration increased transiently (p < 0.05) after feed intake, but the total response was (not significantly) smaller in Fe-deficient calves. Plasma GH concentration changed episodically and was similar in both groups. Loss of GH from the circulation after i.v. rbGH injection, estimated by biexponential analysis, during the distribution or alpha phase (first 16 min) was similar in both groups, but during the beta phase was shorter (p < 0.05) in group Fe10 than in group Fe50 (29.9 and 34.2 min, respectively). The increased disappearance rate of GH, seen even in mild Fe deficiency, may contribute to reduced GH levels and IGF-I responses to GH in severe Fe deficiency.
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PMID:Growth hormone concentration and disappearance rate, insulin-like growth factors I and II and insulin levels in iron-deficient veal calves. 771 Feb 63

To investigate systemic oxygen (O2) transport, we calculated the oxygen delivery index (Do2I), oxygen consumption index (Vo2I) and oxygen extraction ratio (ER) in dogs with heartworm (HW) disease. The Do2I was 770 +/- 331 ml/min/kg in dogs mildly affected with pulmonary HW disease showing respiratory signs, mild anemia and mild cardiac insufficiency (n = 34); 238 +/- 155 ml/min/kg in dogs with ascitic pulmonary HW disease (n = 7); and 577 +/- 320 ml/min/kg in dogs with caval syndrome (CS) which survived (n = 15) or died (n = 7) after surgical HW removal. The Do2I was lower (P < 0.01) in all HW-infected groups, especially in ascites and CS-non-surviving dogs, than in HW-free dogs (n = 11, 1041 +/- 264 ml/min/kg). The Vo2I was higher in some mildly affected dogs (161 +/- 88 ml/min/kg), and lower (P < 0.01) in ascitic dogs (45 +/- 53 ml/min/kg) than in HW-free dogs (123 +/- 44 ml/min/kg). The ER was higher (P < 0.01) in all HW-infected groups than in HW-free dogs. The Do2I correlated significantly with Vo2I (r = 0.84, P < 0.01), and the Vo2I correlated significantly with ER (r = 0.48, P < 0.01). The Do2I correlated significantly with arterial O2 tension (r = 0.33), serum LDH (r = -0.46) and CK (r = -0.46) activities, serum urea nitrogen (UN, r = -0.32) and lactic acid (LA, r = -0.39) concentrations and cardiac index (r = 0.64).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Systemic oxygen delivery and consumption in dogs with heartworm disease. 775 21

An 81-year-old man with a history of chronic pulmonary disease due to heavy smoking and ischemic heart disease had been suffering for the past few years from chronic constipation and urinary incontinence and was receiving medication for cardiopulmonary symptoms and urinary incontinence. He was admitted for repeated falling for a few months prior to admission. When put in the supine position, his blood pressure fell. He had bilateral pulmonary rales, consistent with lung disease, eccentricity of the left pupil (after cataract surgery), constriction of the right pupil, and absence of the pupillary light reflex. There was generalized hyperreflexia and a bilateral Babinski sign. He had normocytic, normochromic anemia; B12, folic acid and ferritin were within normal ranges, ESR was rapid, there was hyperglobulinemia (IgA and IgG), urea nitrogen and creatinine were increased but returned to normal after rehydration. ECG and chest X-ray were consistent with his cardiopulmonary status. Bone-marrow biopsy showed hypocellularity. IVP and barium enema were normal. Echocardiography revealed a possible old posterior wall myocardial infarction. CT-scan showed moderate cerebral and cerebellar atrophy, calcifications in the carotid and vertebral arteries, and small infarcts in both hemispheres. At this point, after an extensive survey of the literature, the diagnosis of Shy-Drager syndrome was proposed and proved by monitoring ECG and serum levels of noradrenaline during postural changes. He was treated with Fluorinef and there were no more episodes of postural hypotension. Several weeks after discharge he reported that he was feeling well and had not fallen since discharge.
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PMID:[Shy-Drager syndrome]. 775 2

The effect of Fe status on murine systemic lupus erythematosus was investigated. Weanling female MRL/MPJ-lpr/lpr mice (systemic lupus erythematosus strain) were fed diets with the following levels (mg Fe/kg diet): 3 (severely deficient), 10 (moderately deficient), 35 (control) and 250 (supplemented). A fifth group was pair fed the control diet in the amounts consumed by the severely deficient group. C3H/Hej mice fed the same diets were used as non-lupus controls. Anemia was more severe in severely deficient mice than in all other MRL groups and C3H severely deficient mice. Incidence of skin lesions was highest in MRL severely and moderately deficient mice compared with pair-fed, control and supplemented mice. By 22 wk of age, mortality was higher in supplemented and severely deficient mice than in moderately deficient, pair-fed and control MRL mice. Anti-dsDNA activity in serum was not altered by Fe. In a second experiment, kidney function was examined in mice fed severely deficient, control, supplemented and pair-fed diets. Urine protein concentration was highest in supplemented mice at 14 wk of age. Serum urea nitrogen was significantly higher in MRL severely deficient mice than in pair-fed and control mice at 18 wk of age. Glomerular filtration rate, measured by creatinine clearance, was significantly lower in MRL severely deficient mice than in pair-fed and Fe supplemented mice at 16 wk of age and pair-fed and control mice at 18 wk of age. Renal histopathology was more severe in Fe supplemented mice than in pair-fed and control mice, and more severe in severely deficient and pair-fed mice than in control mice. Fluorescent staining of kidneys with anti-Ig G and anti-C3 fluorescein-conjugated antibodies was most intense in severely deficient mice, and the concentration of circulating immune complexes in serum was significantly higher in severely deficient mice than in all other groups. These data demonstrate that systemic lupus erythematosus in MRL/MPJ-lpr/lpr mice is altered by dietary iron.
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PMID:Iron status alters murine systemic lupus erythematosus. 787 23

Between 1989 and 1992, 22 Bernese mountain dogs (18 females and four males) aged between two and seven years, which had been suffering for some weeks from weight loss, anorexia, apathy, vomiting, polydipsia and polyuria, were examined. All of them had high blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine concentrations, and many had hyperphosphataemia, hypercholesterolaemia, hypoproteinaemia and nonregenerative anaemia. All the dogs had very high protein: creatinine ratios in the urine, and macroproteinuria was identified by sodium dodecyl sulphate gel electrophoresis. The immunofluorescent titres against Borrelia burgdorferi, measured in 19 of the dogs, ranged between 256 and 32,768. In all cases, membrano-proliferative glomerulonephritis with concomitant interstitial nephritis was diagnosed. From an analysis of the dogs' pedigree it was concluded that the glomerulonephritis of these Bernese mountain dogs was inherited as an autosomal recessive trait and that its expression was influenced by a second gene locus with a sex-linked dominance exchange.
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PMID:A new familial glomerulonephropathy in Bernese mountain dogs. 803 71

Erythropoietin (EPO) given subcutaneously (SC) once per week has been successful in the treatment of anemia in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients. We have identified a population of CAPD patients that requires EPO administration once per week or less often. To determine if specific variables could be identified that would predict which CAPD patients would require infrequent EPO dosing, we reviewed the charts of all our CAPD patients who were receiving EPO as of 1 June 1992. Patients had to have been on CAPD for 3 months and EPO for 3 months to be considered for analysis. We identified 12 patients who required EPO once per week or less frequently (infrequent EPO) and 9 patients who required EPO more than once per week (frequent EPO). Parameters that were analyzed included age, gender, race, time on CAPD, history of gastrointestinal bleeding, exit-site infection or peritonitis in the last 60 days, diabetes, amount of dialysate instilled per day, and the number of exchanges per day. Laboratory data that were analyzed included hemoglobin, hematocrit, serum iron, total iron-binding capacity, ferritin, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, BUN/creatinine ratio, albumin, total protein, parathyroid hormone, and aluminum. Categorical data were analyzed via chi-square, and numerical data were analyzed via the t-test. The infrequent EPO group required only 35% as much EPO as the frequent group to maintain hemoglobin and hematocrit, which were significantly greater. The only parameter that was different between the two groups was age (infrequent EPO 42 +/- 13.2 vs frequent EPO 55.8 +/- 11.9 years, p < 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Infrequent dosing of subcutaneous erythropoietin for the treatment of anemia in patients on CAPD. 810 57

Total and specific characteristics of changes in gas exchange and transport, tissue oxygenation, circulatory and respiratory compensatory reactions were examined in three groups of necrotized Wistar rats during acute anemia correction by two methods, replacement of red cell mass loss with modified hemoglobin solution (Hb 4.4 g/dl, P50 21.5 mm Hg) or respiration with a hyperoxic mixture (90% of oxygen in nitrogen). In control animals anemia was induced with blood replacement with 6% albumin solution during atmospheric air inhalation. The studied methods for anemia correction were found to increase oxygen levels in arterial blood and similarly effective in total gas exchange maintenance; however the mechanisms of oxygen delivery from arterial blood to tissues being quite different, use of hemoglobin solution was associated with a number of adverse features in gas transport system, acid-base balance, reactions of minute volumes of circulation and respiration which were caused by changed oxygen-binding characteristics of modified hemoglobin and the presence of high concentrations of free hemoglobin in blood plasma.
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PMID:[Gas exchange and transport in the body during acute anemia correction by modified hemoglobin solution or attributed to inhalation of a hyperoxic gas mixture]. 814 12

Lysinuric protein intolerance is an autosomal recessive disease caused by defective transport of cationic amino acids. Of the 38 lysinuric protein intolerance patients diagnosed in Finland since 1965, four pediatric patients have died. We describe the clinical courses and autopsy findings for these patients. All patients developed acute respiratory insufficiency. In addition to pulmonary hemorrhages, three of the patients had pulmonary alveolar proteinosis and one had cholesterol granulomas. Three patients had a clinically obvious renal insufficiency, but all four showed histologic signs of immune complex-mediated glomerulonephritis. The patients also developed hepatic insufficiency with fatty degeneration or cirrhosis. All patients showed anemia, thrombocytopenia, and a severe bleeding tendency. The bone marrow of three patients was hypercellular, but the amount of megakaryocytes was decreased in two cases. Amyloid was present in the lymph nodes and the spleen. Bone specimens showed osteoporosis. We conclude that pediatric patients with lysinuric protein intolerance are predisposed to develop pulmonary alveolar proteinosis and glomerulonephritis. They are also at risk of protein malnutrition in the active growth phase, probably due to higher requirements for total nitrogen and amino acids.
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PMID:Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis and glomerulonephritis in lysinuric protein intolerance: case reports and autopsy findings of four pediatric patients. 816 73

The subchronic (26 day) oral toxicities of two AF hydraulic fluids (MIL-H-5606 [H5], MIL-H-83282 [H8]), a commercial phosphate ester (PE), and two candidate hydraulic fluids (low temperature version of MIL-H-83282 [LT] and chlorotrifluorethylene oligomers [polyCTFE]) were compared in male F-344 rats. Oral dosing was used in order to quickly compare these fluids to PolyCTFE, the only fluid at the time to have been tested in a 90-day inhalation study. Rats were initially dosed with 1.0 g/kg/day of each fluid. H8 increased alkaline phosphatase (ALKP) while LT produced an anemia and leukocytosis. Exposure to H5 fluid resulted in lymphocytopenia and persistent diuresis. Due to their greater toxicity, resulting in lethality in the first dosing study, only 0.5 g/kg/day of PE and PolyCTFE were administered in the second study. Exposure to PE (0.5 g/kg) resulted in an anemia and decreases in BW (day 10 until day 25), spleen/BW ratio, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatinine (CREAT). PolyCREAT (0.5 g/kg) decreased BW (day 11 to the end of the study) and testicular weight. PolyCTFE (0.5 g/kg) increased relative spleen weights, various clinical chemistry parameters, and triggered a reversible diuresis. PolyCTFE (0.5 g/kg), PE (0.5 g/kg), and H5 produced an increase in absolute and relative liver weights compared to control livers. Peroxisomal beta oxidation, an indicator of peroxisomal proliferation, was significantly increased above control levels in the livers of all rats except the PE (0.5 g/kg) group, where the increase was not significant. Hydrocarbon nephropathy, indicated by increased levels of hyaline droplets in kidney tubules, was severe in H5, mild in H8, LT, and PolyCTFE (0.5 g/kg), and minimal in PE (0.5 g/kg). The MIL-H-83282 fluids (H8 and LT) were the least toxic hydraulic fluids. PolyCTFE and PE were the most toxic, with H5 intermediate.
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PMID:The comparative toxicity of operational Air Force hydraulic fluids. 819 5

A new Chinese herbal preparation, Man-Shen-Ling (MSL, consisted of medicinal herbs such as Astragalus and Rehmannia) in treating 100 cases of chronic nephritis. The effective rate was 91% in comparing to 66.7% in the control group, P < 0.001. It was markedly effective for proteinuria, hematuria, improvement and recovery of renal functions, edema, anemia, anorexia etc in comparing with the control group. It showed no adverse effects on functions of liver, kidney, heart and GI tract. Animal model of chronic nephritis was established and the effects of MSL were observed. The laboratory findings and histopathological investigation on kidney revealed and confirmed that MSL has therapeutic effects on chronic nephritis. Pharmacodynamically, MSL exhibited effects of anti-allergy, its immuno-suppressive effect corresponded to that of cyclophosphamide, with diuretic, hypotensive, proteinuria eliminating, anti-inflammatory, anti-coagulatory, renal blood flow and glomerular filtration enhancing, the excretion of urea-nitrogen, potassium and sodium promoting function; in addition, it also could promote and modulate the immunity. Acute and chronic toxicity tests on animal models neither showed toxic, mutagenic, teratogenic nor carcinogenic effects. It is a new preparation of Chinese medicinal herbs in treating chronic nephritis, it is safe and effective.
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PMID:[Clinical and experimental study on effects of man-shen-ling oral liquid in the treatment of 100 cases of chronic nephritis]. 821 75


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