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Query: UMLS:C0002871 (anemia)
 52,094 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Mechanisms for the development of anemia and the effects of recombinant human erythropoietin (r-HuEPO) on hematological parameters were studied in new congenital adult type polycystic kidney (DBA/2FG-pcy) mice. The majority of DBA/2FG-pcy mice showed progressive anemia and an elevation of blood urea nitrogen, while a minority showed progressive anemia following polycythemia. Kidneys with numerous cysts in the cortex and medulla occupied virtually the entire abdominal cavity, and the combined kidney weight taken as a percentage of body weight reached 13.5% in the DBA/2FG-pcy mouse. The osmotic fragility of DBA/2FG-pcy mice erythrocytes was significantly increased compared with that of normal control mice. In addition, two-fold increases in serum EPO levels, determined by radioimmunoassay, and a decreased number of colony forming unit-erythroid (CFU-E) were observed in the DBA/2FG-pcy mice. The administration of r-HuEPO during anemia significantly increased the red blood cell count, hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit and reticulocyte percentage in a dose-dependent manner. These findings indicate that anemia in the DBA/2FG-pcy mouse is due to increased fragility of erythrocytes, a deficiency in EPO for the degree of anemia and a decreased number or a decreased response of erythroid progenitor cells. We suggest that the DBA/2FG-pcy mouse is a useful spontaneous model of chronic progressive renal failure.
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PMID:Anemia in new congenital adult type polycystic kidney mice. 194 61

Late mortality and pathology were assessed in various mouse strains following total-body irradiation (TBI) and bone marrow transplantation. A, C57BL/6, B6AF1, LP and C3H mice received TBI in two fractions 3 h apart at total doses of between 11 and 15 Gy. They were then transplanted with syngeneic bone marrow cells providing sufficient reconstitution to avoid hemopoietic failure. Long-term survival data revealed both radiation dose- and strain-dependent onset of mortality between 1 and 2 years post-treatment. Renal damage appeared to have contributed to the late mortality in most treatment groups as shown by glomerular lesions, elevated blood urea nitrogen and an accompanying fall in hematocrit. Hemolysis was deduced to be the major cause of anemia, as concluded from results of 51Cr-labeled erythrocyte survival. No decrease in erythropoiesis was evident as seen from spleen and bone marrow 59Fe uptake. These findings are together consistent with the manifestation of a hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) with kidney glomeruli representing the principal sites of injury responsible for both renal dysfunction and microangiopathic hemolysis.
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PMID:Late complications following total-body irradiation and bone marrow rescue in mice: predominance of glomerular nephropathy and hemolytic anemia. 196 48

The effects of recombinant human erythropoietin (r-HuEPO) on haematological parameters were studied in rats in which uraemia and anaemia had been induced by gentamicin, an aminoglycoside antibiotic and a nephrotoxic agent. After the occurrence of slight polycythaemia, the red blood cell count, haematocrit and haemoglobin concentration decreased by 20-30% compared with those of the control (saline-injected) rats. At the end of gentamicin treatment, the endogenous serum EPO level had decreased to about 40% compared with that of control rats. Gentamicin-treated rats showed marked elevation of blood urea nitrogen, extensive tubular necrosis in the kidney and haemosiderin deposition in the spleen. In the osmotic fragility test, the fragility of erythrocytes significantly increased compared with that of control rats. These findings indicate that the anaemia induced by gentamicin is due not only to a deficiency of EPO but also to an enhancement of fragility of erythrocytes in an azotaemic environment. The administration of r-HuEPO during anaemia markedly increased red blood cell count, haematocrit and haemoglobin concentration. It is suggested that a gentamicin-treated rat is a useful and convenient anaemic model and r-HuEPO is useful for treatment of anaemia in acute renal failure.
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PMID:Effect of recombinant human erythropoietin on new anaemic model rats induced by gentamicin. 198 98

The dose dependency of germanium dioxide(GeO2)-induced nephrotoxicity was investigated experimentally in rat groups orally treated with high (150 mg/kg/day), moderate (75 mg/kg/day), or low (37.5 mg/kg/day) doses of GeO2, and in an untreated group. Renal dysfunction, indicated by the increase of blood urea nitrogen and the decrease of creatinine clearance, and systemic toxicity by weight loss, anemia, and hypoproteinemia were more apparent in rats treated with higher dose of GeO2. Urinalysis including daily urinary protein excretion did not reveal any abnormalities in any of the groups. Urinary excretion and renal-tissue content of Ge were significantly elevated in the group of the higher dose of GeO2. Light microscopically, vacuolar degeneration and depositions of granules positive for periodic acid-Schiff in distal tubules were predominant in the higher-dose group of GeO2. The present study demonstrates that GeO2-induced nephrotoxicity develops dose dependently.
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PMID:Dose dependency of germanium-dioxide-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. 201 77

A simple diagnostic test for Fanconi anemia (FA) by flow cytometry is proposed. It is based on the cell cycle disturbances of FA cells and their sensitisation by alkylating agents. Following PHA-stimulation of whole blood cell cultures in the presence or absence of nitrogen mustard, the accumulation of cells in G2/M phase was measured. A sharp increase of cells in G2/M was observed in cultures from FA patients when nitrogen mustard was added. This increase allows one to distinguish FA patients from patients with anemias of other origin, healthy controls, and FA heterozygotes, as effectively as chromosome breakage studies. The rapidity of the test and its reliability as demonstrated on the ten FA patients studied, will make the diagnosis of FA easier in centers without cytogenetic laboratory facilities.
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PMID:A simple diagnostic test for Fanconi anemia by flow cytometry. 202 1

Four patients with primary pulmonary hypertension, microangiopathic hemolysis, and thrombocytopenia were seen at the Charleston (WVa) Area Medical Center between 1983 and 1988. Characteristic laboratory and clinical features of these patients were the following: mild anemia, reticulocytosis, low serum haptoglobin value, microangiopathic red blood cell changes on peripheral blood smear, mild to moderate thrombocytopenia, normal clotting studies (ie, prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time, fibrinogen), negative direct Coombs' test, negative glucose water test, normal serum urea nitrogen and creatinine levels, lack of improvement of hemolysis and thrombocytopenia in response to vasodilators or calcium channel blockers, and severe plexiform lesions in the pulmonary vasculature with fibrin deposition at autopsy. The hemolysis and thrombocytopenia probably developed as a result of flow through the fibrin deposition in the plexiform lesions in the pulmonary circulation and subsequent shearing of red blood cells and platelets.
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PMID:Primary pulmonary hypertension. Its association with microangiopathic hemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenia. 204 24

To evaluate objectively the effects of recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) administration on nutritional status in stable dialyzed patients, we used urea kinetic modeling (UKM) analysis and dietary protein intake evaluation by dietary assessment. Fifteen patients (9 females, 6 males; mean age 46.9 +/- 15.6 years) dialyzed for 9.4 +/- 6.3 years were studied longitudinally for 18 months, consisting of a control period (6 months) and an rHuEPO treatment period (12 months). Treatment modalities based on 3 weekly sessions were hemodialysis in 12 patients (6 cuprophane, 3 cellulose acetate and 3 highly permeable membranes), hemodiafiltration in 2 patients and postdilutional hemofiltration in 1 patient. Bicarbonate buffered dialysate was used in 9 patients and acetate in 6 patients. Urea kinetic modeling using a single-pool model was performed monthly over 1-3 cycles. rHuEPO was administered intravenously at the end of dialysis according to a two-phase protocol: (1) correction of anemia by stepwise increment of rHuEPO dose, and (2) maintenance dose to keep hemoglobin at 10-11 g/dl. rHuEPO administration corrected anemia in all patients, improving their general clinical condition. Dialysis efficacy was significantly reduced (15%) after the 3rd month of rHuEPO therapy. Clearnces were restored by increasing dialysis time and/or improving dialyzer performances, and adequacy of dialysis was maintained in all patients. During the 12 months of rHuEPO therapy, the protein catabolic rate remained stable at 1.2 g/kg/24 h in spite of an increase in appetite. At the same time, dry body weight increased significantly after 9 months, and the ratio dietary protein intake/protein catabolic rate a gross estimation of nitrogen balance, increased.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Erythropoietin-induced changes in protein nutrition: quantitative assessment by urea kinetic modeling analysis. 209 90

The results of the clinico-laboratory study of 12 cases of acute pneumonia of Legionella etiology are presented. The laboratory diagnosis of Legionella infection was carried out by the study of paired sera in the passive hemagglutination test with the use of Legionella pneumophila (serotype 1) erythrocyte diagnosticum. The clinical picture of pneumonia was characterized by a severe and moderate course of the disease. Characteristic symptoms indicating the presence of indurations and infiltrations in the lung tissue were registered. Roentgenological examination revealed that the foci of pulmonary tissue infiltration appeared in the segments of the lower lobes of both lungs. In 6 patients neutrophil leukopenia, in 4 patients relative lymphocytopenia, in 5 patients monocytopenia, in 11 patients the increase of the erythrocyte sedimentation rate and in 4 patients normochromic anemia were registered. More seldom changes in the levels of residual nitrogen, urea, fibrinogen and transaminases were observed. In most cases the resolution of pneumonia was observed on weeks 2-3 of treatment. In this treatment erythromycin, rifampicin and oleandomycin, used in combination, used in combination with detoxication and infusion therapy, vitamins, vascular and other symptomatic remedies, proved to be most effective. The cases of Legionella infection under study were sporadic and epidemiologically unrelated. The severity of the course of the disease depended mainly on the general state of the patient prior to infection, age and concomitant diseases.
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PMID:[The clinical picture of legionnaires' disease]. 215 52

The course of malarial infection was compared in pregnant mice inoculated with Plasmodium berghei at different stages of gestation. When 12-14 wk old, pregnant BALB/c mice were inoculated with 1 x 10(6) of P. berghei NK65-infected red cells at gestation day 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14 or 16, the mice inoculated on gestation days 6-12 expired 6.5 days after inoculation compared to 9.5 days in non-pregnant mice. Parasitemia in these pregnant mice increased rapidly on day 4 after inoculation and anemia also developed earlier on day 5. However, the degree of parasitemia and anemia in the terminal stage of infection in these pregnant mice was milder than that of non-pregnant controls. Blood urea nitrogen increased at the terminal stage although the degree of increase in mice inoculated on gestation days 6-10 was comparatively small. Pregnant malarial mice died earlier with less physiological changes than non-pregnant controls. It was concluded that pregnancy makes the host susceptible to physiological changes caused by malaria.
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PMID:Influence of pregnancy on the course of malaria in mice infected with Plasmodium berghei. 219 52

A three-month oral subacute toxicity study of mofezolac (N-22), a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent, was performed using dose levels of 6, 20, 60 and 200 mg/kg in rats, and recovery was also assessed one month after withdrawal. 1. Toxic signs caused by N-22 administration, observed only in the 200 mg/kg group, were as follows: soiling around the mouth and/or nose, piloerection, anemia, diarrhea, emaciation and decreased spontaneous locomotor activity. Nine males and thirteen females in the 200 mg/kg group excreted bloody diarrhea and died of general exhaustion between weeks four and thirteen of study. 2. In the 200 mg/kg group, decrease in food consumption and suppression of body weight gain were noted in males from about week four and in females from about week six after initiation of administration, and increase in water consumption was noted in males from about week seven. 3. Urinary examination revealed a decline in urinary pH in males of the 20 mg/kg and above groups and elevation of urobilinogen levels in males of the 60 and 200 mg/kg groups. 4. Hematological examination showed decreases in erythrocyte count (RBC), hematocrit value (Ht) and hemoglobin concentration (Hb) and increase in reticulocyte rate in both sexes of the 200 mg/kg group and an increase in neutrophil rate in males of the 200 mg/kg group. 5. Biochemical examination demonstrated a decrease in chloride (Cl-) in males receiving the 20 mg/kg or above doses and a decrease in calcium (Ca++) in males of the 60 and 200 mg/kg groups. Moreover, there were decreases in cholinesterase (ChE) activity, total protein (TP) and albumin (Alb) values, as well as increases in blood urea nitrogen (BUN), uric acid (UA) and potassium (K+) in both sexes of the 200 mg/kg group, along with elevations in GOT and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities in females of the 200 mg/kg group. 6. The absolute and/or relative organ weights for liver, kidneys, spleen and adrenals were increased in the 200 mg/kg group. 7. On pathological examination, perforating ulceration in the jejunum and ileum, turbid ascites, adhesion and inflammatory changes in capsules of the abdominal organs, splenomegaly, mesenteric lymph node hyperplasia and inflammatory changes in the thoracic cavity were observed in dead animals of the 200 mg/kg group. Similar pathological changes were observed in a few survival cases of the 200 mg/kg group. 8. After a one month recovery period, the above-mentioned changes had mostly recovered, indicating that they were reversible.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Three-month oral subacute toxicity study of mofezolac (N-22) in rats]. 223 86


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