Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0002871 (anemia)
 52,094 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Patients with chronic renal failure and on chronic intermittent hemodialysis have several metabolic risks such as retention of urea and other products of nitrogen metabolism, catabolism, acidosis, edema, dehydration, hyper- and hypotension, hyperkalemia, renal osteopathy, and renal anemia. Uremic coma is usually avoided by balanced nutritional therapy and treatment with hemodialysis. A dietary regimen containing protein with high amounts of essential amino acids is an important part of treatment. In patients on chronic hemodialysis disorders of protein and amino acid metabolism are caused by either deficiency of essential ingredients of the food or by the metabolic defects due to chronic uremia.
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PMID:[Dangers of a wrong diet in patients with renal insufficiency in the predialytic state or during chronic hemodialysis]. 55 61

Erythrocyte life span was determined in 19 children with chronic renal failure on conservative treatment and in 12 children on regular hemodialysis. Erythrocytes were labeled with 111Indium. Blood loss was measured using a special counting chamber. Erythrocyte life span decreased with increasing blood urea nitrogen. Blood loss into the intestine and into the dialysis equipment was found to be a major cause for anemia of children with chronic renal failure. Daily intestinal blood loss amounted to 6 ml/m2 BSA on conservative treatment and 11 ml/m2 on hemodialysis. Mean blood loss in the dialysis equipment was 8 ml/m2 per dialysis, almost half being lost in the connecting tubing systems.
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PMID:Hemolysis and blood loss in children with chronic renal failure. 58 79

A toxicological, nutritional and histological study of rats on a diet containing 0.5 g of tin (Sn Cl2) per 100 g of dry food for one month has been made. By gamma radioactivity measurements (with 113Sn used as a tracer) it is shown that this metal does not practically clear the digestive barrier. Otherwise the classical coefficients of nitrogen nutrition and the urinary parameters (volume, glucose, pH) are not influenced; but the growth of treated animals is obviously slower than control animals because of their reduced ingestion of food. Moreover after one month of treatment a marked anaemia results since the hematocrit and hemoglobin levels are perceptibly reduced. Lastly the histological investigations give evidence of notable irritation of the total gastrointestinal tract. This study, as that of many authors, raises the question of present permissible levels of tin (up to 250 ppm) in foods.
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PMID:[Nutritional and toxicological study of rats fed a diet containing tin (author's transl)]. 92 24

The results from the study of the anemia syndrome in 1100 patients are reported (881 with chronic pyelonephritis, 147 with chronic glomerulonephritis and 72 with endemic nephropathy). Out of them 663 were with preserved renal function, 160 - with compensated and 274 - with decompensated nitrogen retention. Anemia was found in 98.7 per cent of the patients with endemic nephropathy, in 59.2 per cent of the patients with chronic glomerulonephritis and in 56.8 per cent of the patients with chronic pyelonephritis. Anemia precedes the manifestations of renal insufficiency in endemic nephropathy. In 36 per cent of the patients with endemic nephropathy it is severe or very severe. Light anemia was found in 44,6 per cent of the patients with chronic pyelonephritis and in those with preserved renal function. Only in the patients with chronic pyelonephritis the values of serum iron are under the normal. The administration of iron preparations in those patients is with good results. In the stage of decompensated renal insufficeincy effect was obtained by often blood transfusions.
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PMID:[Clinical characteristics of the anemic syndrome in chronic renal diseases]. 100 39

Studies were carried out from June 1974 to May 1975 on the socio-economic status, health and nutritional status of the people in 4 villages, in the irrigation area of the Nong Wai Pioneer Agricultural Project of Khon Kaen Province, Northeast Thailand. The result obtained were compared with those in 2 non-irrigated villages in the same province, in order to identify the health and nutritional problems which might arise during the water resource development in the irrigation area. It was found that in the irrigated villages 90% of the peoples were farmers, while in the non-irrigated villages all were farmers. The socio-economic status of the people in the irrigated villages was much better than those in the non-irrigated ones. The income per family in the former was about three times greater than that in the latter. In the study of the health conditions of the villagers, the vulnerable age group including pre-school children under 7 years of age and school children in the elementary school class 1 and class 2, aged 7-9 years old, served as subjects for investigation. Haematological and physical examinations revealed many children with mild to moderate anaemia, vitamin B2 deficiency and a few cases of hepatomegaly. Anaemic children were found to be more prevalent in the non-irrigated villages than in the irrigated area. The overall parasitic infection rates in children in the irrigated and non-irrigated villages were similar with respect to severity of the infection. Hookworm infection, opisthorchiasis, strongyloidiasis and giardiasis were the leading parasitic infections, while amoebiasis was rare. Ascariasis and trichuriasis were not found. However, the first two helminthic infections had a low grade of intensity. The nutritional status of pre-school children, showed that there were more children with good growth in the irrigated villages than in the non-irrigated one. Serum proteins, albumin and globulin, and urinary urea nitrogen-creatinine ratio revealed normal findings indicating that the children had sufficient protein intake. The results of the urinary hydroxyproline-creatinine index suggested that many of the children in both groups of the villages were at marginal malnutrition status. Surveys on domestic animals including cattle, buffaloes, pigs, and field rats revealed no important zoonotic diseases except leptospirosis in a few rats. Some fish were found to harbour metacercariae of Opisthorchis viverrini, while some snails were positive for cercariae of O. viverrini, Schistosoma spindale, and Echinostoma malayanum. The overall findings indicated that the water resource development by establishing better irrigation, resulted in an improved socio-economic and nutritional status among the villagers, but health conditions and associated parasitic diseases and some nutritional deficiency still existed in the children. However, the findings from this study provide only preliminary data concerning the socio-economic status, health, and nutritional status of the villagers in the irrigation area...
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PMID:Socio-economic, health and nutritional status of the villagers in the Nong Wai irrigation area, Khon Kaen, Northeast Thailand. 103 Aug 56

To identify potentially remediable abnormalities in Crohn disease, 63 patients had evaluations performed for anemia, electrolyte deficiencies, defects of carbohydrate, fat, nitrogen, and vitamin B12 absorption, and jejunal bacterial overgrowth. Ninety percent of the group had two or more potentially correctable defects. More than 50% had anemia associated with iron or folate deficiency of vitamin B12 malabsorption; 33% had low levels of serum sodium, potassium, calcium, or magnesium either singly or in combination; 22% had lactose intolerance, fat malabsorption was persent in 31%; 75% had evidence of disturbed protein metabolism; and bacterial overgrowth of the upper part of the small bowel was identified in 30% of 47 patients.
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PMID:Remediable defects in Crohn disease: a prospective study of 63 patients. 105 64

The effect of anabolic steroid therapy on anemia in 13 women with and without kidneys undergoing chronic hemodialysis for renal failure was investigated. All but one of the six patients with kidneys demonstrated a noticeable increase in hematocrit level (6.4% to 14.6%). Of the anephric women, four of the seven also showed hematocrit level elevations, but these were less remarkable (3.1% to 6.4%). A majority of patients demonstrated increments in weight and serum creatinine measurements but no definitive alteration in serum blood urea nitrogen levels. The androgenic effects of nandrolone decanoate were minimal and well tolerated. We conclude that anabolic steroid therapy is effective in ameliorating the anemia of women undergoing hemodialysis, if given in a dose that produces minimal and tolerable untoward effects.
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PMID:Response of uremic patients to nandrolone decanoate. 115 56

In haematological diseases, insufficient data has been accumulated to evaluate the efficacy of immunosuppressive drug treatment in patients with erythroid aplasia or sideroblastic anaemia. Cyclophosphamide may be efficacious in inhibiting circulating anticoagulants in patients who need continued replacement of clotting factors. Azathioprine, 6-mercaptopurine, cyclophosphamide and vincristine have been used successfully in treating patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, and some patients with auto-immune haemolytic anaemia may benefit from the addition of purine analogues. However, the use of immunosuppressive therapy seems to accelerate the presence of haematological malignancies in patients with macroglobulinaemia. In gastro-intestinal diseases, uncontrolled studies have shown nitrogen mustard, 6-mercaptopurine and azathioprine to be of modest benefit to patients with ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. In a controlled trial azathioprine plus prednisone proved more effective than prednisone alone in sustaining remission in patients with Crohn's disease. In patients with either chronic active hepatitis or primary biliary cirrhosis, however, there seems to be no benefit from immunosuppressive therapy for primary treatment of these diseases. Cyclophosphamide, azathioprine and methotrexate have all been used with some success in treating patient with uveitis, and in a controlled trial cytarabine has been shown to be beneficial to patients with herpes ophthalmicus. However, no benefit has been shown to patients with the eye changes of Graves' disease with either azathioprine or methotrexate. Patients with Paget's disease appear to be helped by mithramycin. Cyclophosphamide, chlorambucil and azathioprine are ineffective in treating patients with multiple sclerosis. 6-Mercaptopurine, azathioprine, methotrexate and cyclophosphamide have all produced some benefit in patients with myasthenia gravis, and some patients with idiopathic pulmonary haemosiderosis have responded to azathioprine, 6-mercaptopurine and cyclophosphamide. Alkylating agents have proved useful in treating some patients with asthma and in treating frequent relapsers among children with the nephrotic syndrome. In adults with membrano-proliferative glomerulonephritis some patients have responded to combination therapy with cyclophosphamide, azathioprine and corticosteroids. Immunosuppressive therapy is also indicated in prolonging graft survivals in patients receiving organ transplants. Drug toxicities of immunosuppressive agents are discussed. Their long-term effects, including mutagenic potential, have as yet not been fully elucidated.
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PMID:Clinical use of immunosuppressive drugs: part II. 127 59

Twenty-two cases of multiple myeloma were seen in the Department of Internal Medicine, Tikur Anbessa (Black Lion) Hospital, a teaching and referral hospital in Addis Abeba, Ethiopia, from January 1983 to December 1990. The age range was 38 to 76 (mean +/- SD = 51.5 +/- 12.2) years; a third were in the fifth decade. The male:female ratio was 1.75:1. The common clinical findings were bone pain in 20 (91%), bone tenderness in 15 (68%), anaemia in 14 (64%) and spinal cord compression in 8 (36%). The erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) was raised in 21. Serum protein was raised in 17 (77%) and hyperglobulinaemia was seen in 20 (91%). Serum uric acid, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and calcium were elevated in 10, 8 and 5 patients respectively, Bence-Jones proteinuria and albuminuria were each found in 9 patients. All patients had radiological abnormalities; 9 had a combination of lytic lesions, osteoporosis and pathological fractures (41%). Ten patients presented in clinical stage III. Four patients are being followed after 3-84 (median 40.5) months; eight were lost to follow-up 1-8 (median 2.0) months after diagnosis. Ten patients have died after 1-55 (median 11) months. Multiple myeloma is not uncommon in Ethiopians. Except for a lower age at presentation, the clinical, haematological, biochemical, and radiological findings, and the response to therapy, are similar to those reported elsewhere.
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PMID:Multiple myeloma in Ethiopians: analysis of 22 cases. 139 16

Seventy-one male and 52 female F 344 rats with leukemia used as controls in the 30-month inhalation studies were characterized by hematological and clinico-biochemical findings. Hematological findings revealed that the leukocyte count, mean corpuscular volume, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin increased in both sexes of leukemic rats showing profound anemia, while the platelet count, erythrocyte count, hematocrit, and hemoglobin concentration decreased. In these rats, the serum levels of low density lipoprotein, free cholesterol, total bilirubin, blood urea nitrogen, and triglyceride and the activities of glutamic oxalacetic transaminase, glutamic pyruvic transaminase, creatine phosphokinase, alkaline phosphatase, and lactate dehydrogenase increased markedly and the level of high density lipoprotein, the oxygen partial pressure, and the cholinesterase activity decreased. Clinical signs such as decrease in redness of the eyes, decrease in body weight, abdominal distension, staining of the public region, and debility were seen in most leukemic animals. These clinical signs and hematological and clinico-biochemical findings may be helpful in diagnosis of leukemia in long-term experiments.
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PMID:Hematological and clinico-biochemical characteristics of leukemia in Fischer 344 rats. 150 22


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