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Query: UMLS:C0002871 (anemia)
 52,094 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We report three cases of combined anemia, neutropenia and thrombocytopenia in patients with visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar). Using immunofluorescence techniques and the common antiglobulin (Coombs') test, we showed membrane-associated antiplatelet, antineutrophil and antierythrocytic IgG antibodies in all three cases. Treatment with sodium stibogluconate raised the patients' platelet, neutrophil and erythrocyte count. At that time no antibodies were detected on peripheral blood cells. Immunological studies performed on these patients did not show marked abnormalities except for reduced T-helper cells and elevated OKM1-positive cells, which normalized after recovery. As bone marrow suppression was not found, it is suggested that pancytopenia resulted from rapid destruction of antibody-coated blood cells. Whether these antibodies are specific is not clear.
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PMID:Immunological studies of pancytopenia in visceral leishmaniasis. 283 65

The principal growth factor involved in the regulation of erythropoiesis, erythropoietin (Epo), is currently under clinical trial for the treatment of anemia. Despite the advanced state of these trials, little is known about the nature and distribution of the receptor for Epo on human hemopoietic cells or about the cellular mechanisms of signal transduction. In the present study 125I-labeled recombinant human Epo has been used to demonstrate expression of saturable, high affinity binding sites for Epo on density-fractionated human bone marrow cells and on the human erythroleukemic cell line, HEL. Binding was reversible and proportional to cell number, and HEL cells were shown to express on average 34 receptors per cell (range 30-35) with an affinity of 293 pM (range 275-300 pM) at 37 degrees C in the presence of sodium azide to block receptor internalization. Autoradiographic analysis of Epo binding to human bone marrow cells showed that specific binding, measured as the difference in grain counts between total binding and binding in the presence of excess unlabeled Epo, was greatest to pronormoblasts and declined during erythroid cell maturation to undetectable levels on nucleated red cells. Autoradiography also revealed significant Epo binding to marrow megakaryocytes, which comprise less than 1% of nonerythroid cells. In contrast to erythroid cells, Epo binding to megakaryocytes increased with cell maturation, with stage IV megakaryocytes exhibiting the highest specific binding. Grain density per surface area however, remained constant during megakaryocyte maturation and was approximately 25% that on pronormoblasts.
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PMID:Expression of high affinity receptors for erythropoietin on human bone marrow cells and on the human erythroleukemic cell line, HEL. 284 73

A 32-year-old homosexual with AIDS, who until 1985 was a frequent traveller to South America and mediterranean countries, had recurrent bouts of fever, splenomegaly, arthralgias as well as granulocytopenia and anaemia. Liver and bone-marrow punctures were performed to exclude malignant lymphoma and (or) a mycobacterial infection. Both biopsies revealed Leishmania donovani. During administration of sodium stibogluconate (Pentostam) the fever disappeared for a time and there was clinical improvement, but further treatment was limited because of thrombocytopenia. In patients with AIDS who have splenomegaly with nonspecific fever, visceral leishmaniasis must be considered in the differential diagnosis even outside of endemic regions.
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PMID:[Visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar) in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)]. 284 75

18 components of metabolism were determined in the red cells of iron-deficient patients and data were expressed per 10(12) red cells to avoid the complicating effects of hypochromia and microcytosis. Glucose consumption, AMP and ATP, glycolytic intermediates except 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) and phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP), red-cell Na+ and the net passive leakage of Na+ and K+ at 4 degrees C were all normal. Creatine, 6-phospho-D-gluconate: NADP oxidoreductase (6PGD) activity and fresh red-cell K+ were raised, suggestive of a young cell population. However, ATP: D-fructose-6-phosphate 1-phosphotransferase (PFK) activity and ADP were low. An elevated 2,3-DPG level was attributable to the anaemia present but the somewhat raised PEP level is unexplained. It is concluded that red cells in iron deficiency show some characteristics of a young cell population; in other respects they appear normal, but in containing a low PFK activity they are abnormal.
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PMID:Red-cell metabolism in patients with iron deficiency. 294 51

The membrane skeleton of the red blood cell plays an important role in the determination of cell deformability and cell shape. Under various in vitro conditions, red blood cells undergo an echinocytic or stomatocytic shape transformation. The mechanism of this fundamental process is not well understood. We have studied the red cell shape transformation in normoblastic anemia mice (nb/nb) and spherocytic anemia mice (sph/sph), which are deficient in ankyrin and spectrin, respectively. We found that both ankyrin-deficient cells (nb/nb) and spectrin-deficient cells (sph/sph) have a reduced capacity to undergo echinocytic transformation with various echinocytogenic treatments, that is, incubation with sodium salicylate (40 and 120 mM), calcium loading (50 microM A23187 + 2.2 mM Ca2+), or metabolic depletion (24 hr at 37 degrees C). These results suggest that the functional integrity of the membrane skeleton is essential for the maintenance and transformation of the red cell shape.
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PMID:Impaired echinocytic transformation of ankyrin- and spectrin-deficient erythrocytes in mice. 297 28

Electromyographic examinations were performed at various times over a 40 week period in four mature dogs receiving chronic oral low doses of lead acetate and a control dog receiving sodium acetate. Blood lead levels in the four dogs were elevated (mean values 1.15, 2.18, 1.13 and 1.72 mumol/liter). No clinical signs of lead intoxication were present. Two dogs had evidence of a nonregenerative anemia. Neither needle electromyographic nor nerve conduction velocity studies showed evidence of a polyneuropathy. Teased nerve fiber preparations of proximal and distal segments of the ulnar and tibial nerves and muscle biopsies of distal appendicular muscles were normal in all dogs. Light microscopic examination of the brain, kidneys and liver revealed no abnormalities in the two dogs necropsied. In conclusion, a polyneuropathy was not produced experimentally in dogs ingesting low doses of inorganic lead for up to 40 weeks.
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PMID:Inability to experimentally produce a polyneuropathy in dogs given chronic oral low level lead. 300 May 50

Previous results from our laboratory have demonstrated that equine infectious anemia virus displays structural variations in its surface glycoproteins and RNA genome during passage and chronic infections in experimentally infected Shetland ponies (Montelaro et al., J. Biol. Chem. 259:10539-10544, 1984; Payne et al., J. Gen. Virol. 65:1395-1399, 1984). The present study was undertaken to obtain an antigenic and biochemical characterization of equine infectious anemia virus isolates recovered from an experimentally infected pony during sequential disease episodes, each separated by intervals of only 4 to 8 weeks. The virus isolates could be distinguished antigenically by neutralization assays with serum from the infected pony and by Western blot analysis with a monoclonal antibody against the major surface glycoprotein gp90, thus demonstrating that novel antigenic variants of equine infectious anemia virus predominate during each clinical episode. The respective virion glycoproteins displayed different electrophoretic mobilities on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels, indicating structural variation. Tryptic peptide and glycopeptide maps of the viral proteins of each virus isolate revealed biochemical alterations involving amino acid sequence and glycosylation patterns in the virion surface glycoproteins gp90 and gp45. In contrast, no structural variation was observed in the internal viral proteins pp15, p26, and p9 from any of the four virus isolates. Oligonucleotide mapping experiments revealed similar but unique RNase T1-resistant oligonucleotide fingerprints of the RNA genomes of each of the virus isolates. Localization of altered oligonucleotides for one virus isolate placed two of three unique oligonucleotides within the predicted env gene region of the genome, perhaps correlating with the structural variation observed in the envelope glycoproteins. Thus these results support the concept that equine infectious anemia virus is indeed capable of relatively rapid genomic variations during replication, some of which result in altered glycoprotein structures and antigenic variants which are responsible for the unique periodic disease nature observed in persistently infected animals. The findings of envelope specific differences in isolates of visna virus and of human T-cell lymphotropic virus III (acquired immune deficiency syndrome-related virus) suggest that this variation may be a common characteristic of the subfamily Lentivirinae.
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PMID:Rapid emergence of novel antigenic and genetic variants of equine infectious anemia virus during persistent infection. 300 67

We prospectively evaluated 30 patients who presented with active systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) for the presence of tubular abnormalities. All patients fulfilled the American Rheumatology Association criteria for SLE. When appropriate, a renal biopsy was performed. Of the 30 patients studied, 12 had no abnormal tubular study results, whereas 18 patients had some form of defect in the handling of potassium, sodium, or hydrogen ions. Eight patients had distal renal tubular acidosis (dRTA) due to an isolated proton secretory defect. Five had dRTA of the gradient or acid back-leak type. Two had an unresponsive voltage-dependent form of dRTA; one had a responsive voltage-dependent form of dRTA. One individual had hyporeninemic hypoaldosteronism and one had dRTA plus hypoaldosteronism. Clinically, patients with the abnormal tubular study results more often presented with nephritis or nephrotic sediment, peripheral edema, or anemia. Renal biopsies failed to demonstrate any difference in glomerular histologic findings and calculated activity, chronicity, or interstitial indexes. We conclude that SLE may be associated with a variety of tubular defects.
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PMID:Occurrence of renal tubular dysfunction in lupus nephritis. 303 79

One and 3 mg/kg iron as Condrofer**, a new soluble formulation of this metal, and 1 mg/kg iron as Proteoferrina*** or ferritin were given orally for 4 weeks to male rats in which severe experimental anaemia had previously been induced (by iron-deficient diet and repeated bleedings). Haematological (erythrocyte count, haemoglobin, haematocrit, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular haemoglobin, reticulocytes and leukocytes) and blood chemistry (sodium, potassium, iron and total protein) parameters were checked weekly and at the end of the drug administration period. Clinical and behavioral signs, body weight, food intake and necroscopic observations were also recorded. Condrofer time- and dose-dependently improved the general blood picture, the clinical data and the autoptic findings to the point of making these animals significantly approach control rats, save for one parameter, sideremia, which after 4 weeks of treatment remained lower than normal. The most plausible explanation would seem that the severe anaemia interfered both with the physiological iron storage and with the iron-dependent mitochondrial enzymatic systems. Iron (1 mg/kg) daily as Proteoferrina or ferritin was significantly less effective than when this metal was administered as Condrofer, since all the haematological parameters and the clinical, behavioral signs and necroscopic observations were less favourable. The more complete reversal of anaemia in the rats that received Condrofer is, most probably, due to the higher bioavailability of iron administered under this formulation, as demonstrated by iron kinetics after equidoses of iron as Condrofer and Proteoferrina.
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PMID:Ferric chondroitin 6-sulfate (Condrofer): a new potent antianaemic agent with a favourable pharmacokinetic profile. 314 51

The mitotic regimen analysis in rat bone marrow cells was conducted 1, 3, 7, 14, 21 and 35 days after shock trauma. A sharp impairment of myelocyte reproductive function was registered against an increase in the mitotic index. It confirms a universal character of normal mitosis impairment in strong stresses, which was earlier established for epithelial tissues. Cell division disturbances in the bone marrow may be considered an pathogenic factor of a number of pathological processes occurring in the blood system in traumatic disease (anemia, immunodepression). A complex of drugs (sodium oxybutyrate, sodium oxiferriscarbon, Laevamizolum) is offered for the correction of proliferative processes in the bone marrow. This complex has no significant influence on mitotic index and causes relative reduction of pathological mitosis level, ensuring its earlier normalization.
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PMID:[Mitotic activity of rat bone marrow cells during injury]. 316 90


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