Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0002871 (anemia)
 52,094 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To explore our hypothesis of a direct reticulocyte origin of irreversibly sickled cells (ISCs), we fractionated light, reticulocyte-rich, and discocyte-rich sickle anemia red cells on Stractan gradients, and examined the effects of deoxygenation-induced sickling, external Ca2+, acidification, and replacing external Na+ by impermeant N-methyl-D-glucamine (NMG+). Sickling permeabilized light reticulocyte-rich cells to cations (Na+, K+, and Ca2+) more than discocytes; without external Ca2+, Na+ influx matched K+ efflux, with stable cell volume; with Ca2+, many light, low hemoglobin (Hb) F reticulocytes dehydrated rapidly (preventable by quinine, a Ca2(+)-dependent K+ channel inhibitor). Acidification of oxygenated discocytes (high mean Hb F) and reticulocyte-rich fractions yielded denser, reticulocyte-enriched cells with lower Hb F (as in light reticulocyte or dense ISC-rich fractions). Light cells shrank when NMG+ replaced Na+, supporting predictions of a Na(+)-dependent volume control system. Demonstration of sickling-induced, Ca2(+)-dependent dehydration of Hb F-free reticulocytes, and conservation of acid-stimulated K:Cl cotransport among low Hb F, reticulocyte-enriched cells in discocyte fractions support the hypothesis. Ancillary new findings included heparin stimulation of sickling-induced Na+ and K+ permeabilizations, and Ca2+ inhibition of the Na+ leak.
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PMID:Evidence for a direct reticulocyte origin of dense red cells in sickle cell anemia. 170 96

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I) were purified by sucrose density gradient centrifugation in the presence of 1 mM EDTA. Pelleted gradient fractions were analyzed for total protein, total Gag capsid protein, and total zinc. Zinc was found to copurify and concentrate with the virus particles. Through successive cycles of resuspending in buffer containing EDTA and repelleting, the zinc content remained constant at about 1.7 mol of zinc per mol of Gag protein. Proteins from purified virus (HIV-1 and HTLV-I) were separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, blotted to polyvinylidene fluoride paper, and probed with 65ZnCl2. Viral nucleocapsid (NC) proteins (HIV-1 p7NC and HTLV-I p15NC) bound 65Zn2+. Other retroviruses, including simian immunodeficiency virus, equine infectious anemia virus, bovine leukemia virus, Moloney murine leukemia virus, mouse mammary tumor virus, and Mason-Pfizer monkey virus, were found to contain amounts of zinc per milligram of total protein similar to those found in HIV-1 and HTLV-I. Collectively, these data support the hypothesis that retroviral NC proteins function as zinc finger proteins in mature viruses.
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PMID:Tightly bound zinc in human immunodeficiency virus type 1, human T-cell leukemia virus type I, and other retroviruses. 173 Nov 11

A 60-year-old man was admitted to our hospital because of fever, hemorrhagic tendency, anemia and neurological abnormality. A blood count revealed that the hemoglobin was 6.8 g/dl, the reticulocyte was 17.3 percent with 2 erythroblasts per 100 white cells, the white cell count was 7,100/microliters and the platelet count was 0.8 x 10(4)/microliters. Peripheral blood smear demonstrated marked fragmentation of red cells. Bone marrow examination disclosed the marked erythroid hyperplasia. Although the bleeding time was prolonged (14 minutes 30 seconds), the other hemostatic data were within normal limits. The serum bilirubin level was 1.57 mg/dl; LDH level, 1,437 U/l; creatinine level, 0.92 mg/dl; BUN level 14.7 mg/dl. Haptoglobin was below 10 mg/dl. Results of immunological tests were all negative except the result of PAIgG (576.6 ng/10(7) cells). The urinalysis showed proteinuria, microhematuria and trace granular and hyaline casts. A diagnosis of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura was made. The patient was initially treated with prednisolone (60 mg), aspirin (1,000 mg), dipyridamole (150 mg), gabexate mesilate (1.5 g), sodium oxagrel (80 mg) daily with little response. The thirty days after admission, infusion of gamma globulin (20 g, daily) was given for 3 days. The clinical state and laboratory findings became dramatically improved shortly after the administration of gamma globulin and the laboratory data came to be normalized after 1 month. After ten months of this treatment, the patient is remained asymptomatic and the hematological data are within normal range without using any drug. A trial seems justified to confirm the value of this mode of therapy.
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PMID:[Thrombotic thrombocytopenic pupura (TTP)--remission following treatment with high-dose immunoglobulin]. 177 57

Eight monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against chicken infectious anemia virus (CIAV) were developed. These MAbs identified three isolates adapted to grow in the Marek's disease chicken cell line MSB1 (Cux-1, GA-1, and Conn-B) and the chicken-propagated CIA-1 isolate. All MAbs stained MSB1 in the same way with mostly perinuclear staining, although larger nuclear inclusions and cytoplasmic staining were also detected. None of the MAbs neutralized Cux-1. All MAbs reacted in a direct enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with Cux-1 antigen treated with 0.5% sodium dodecyl sulfate followed by extraction with chloroform, but not with MSB1 cells infected with Cux-1 or chloroform-extracts of these cells. Three viral proteins--VP1, VP2, and VP3--with estimated sizes of 45, 30, and 16 kilodaltons (kd), respectively, were immunoprecipitated using the MAbs and Cux-1-infected cell lysates. The 16-kd protein was the major VP. In addition, a 79-kd protein was detected in infected cell lysates by immunoprecipitation with CIAV-antibody-positive and -negative chicken serum, and CIAV-specific and non-specific MAbs.
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PMID:Characterization of proteins of chicken infectious anemia virus with monoclonal antibodies. 178 15

Medical examinations related to iron nutrition (hemoglobin concentration, serum ferritin concentration and transferrin saturation) and measurements of daily nutriment intakes based on three day dietary records were carried out for 440 female subjects from adolescence to menopause, and the relationships between both parameters were compared. The subjects could be reasonably divided into 3 age groups of menstruating I (17-29 years), II (30-53 years) women and menopausal (48-69 years) women by the one-way analysis of variance. The occurrence of iron deficiency including iron deficient anemia was above 45% both in menstruating I and menstruating II women. In addition, the average amounts of iron intake were 8.7 and 10.2 mg/day in these groups, respectively. These values were below the recommended intake of iron (12 mg/day) for females of these ages in Japan. In menopausal women, the occurrence of iron deficiency decreased to 11.3%, which corresponded to the increase of average iron intake to 11.2 mg/day. Irrespective of age groups, there were almost no significant correlations between the results of medical examinations and the amounts of daily iron intake. Although no improvement in hemoglobin concentration and transferrin saturation was observed in 62 menstruating women, who received 10 mg iron daily as sodium ferrous citrate for 2 months, the average serum ferritin concentrations were significantly increased at 1 and 2 months after the supplement and 2 weeks after they stopped. These therapeutic trials indicate the relationship between iron deficiency and low iron intake in menstruating women.
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PMID:[Relationship between iron nutrition and nutriment intakes in the menstruating and menopausal women]. 188 Jan 99

A 36-year-old woman had for two months experienced progressively more marked diffuse abdominal pain, at times colicky, as well as nausea, vomiting and severe constipation. In addition, paraesthesias and motor weakness developed in the thighs. This was accompanied by a normochromic, normocytic anaemia with a haemoglobin concentration of 9.6 g/l. A short time later her mother and daughter also fell ill with similar symptoms. After symptomatic treatment had failed, secondary coproporphyria due to lead poisoning was found. The poisoning had resulted from criminal contamination of food, especially of cocoa powder, with lead acetate. Raised lead concentrations in serum were found in two other members of the family. In all the patients treatment was undertaken with sodium calcium edetate (20 mg/kg body-weight) in several three-day cycles, achieving a gradual fall in serum lead concentration. When the level had fallen to below 4 mumol/l the symptoms disappeared. Below 3 mumol/l porphyria was no longer demonstrable and the anaemia regressed. It is pointed out that, as lead poisoning may be fatal, it should be considered in the differential diagnosis of acute abdominal colic of unclear cause.
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PMID:[Acute lead poisoning]. 189 43

A prostate biopsy was carried out in a 53-year-old male outpatient with disseminated prostatic carcinoma. Two days later, he was admitted with severe acute anaemia (haemoglobin: 48 g.l-1) and macroscopic haematuria. Biological investigations revealed a disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Symptomatic treatment was undertaken (transfusion of packed red blood cells, platelets, fresh frozen plasma and fibrinogen). However, the patient's condition worsened, and he was admitted to the intensive care unit 48 h later. Despite appropriate symptomatic treatment, the patient's condition continued to worsen. The prostatic origin of this condition was therefore suspected, and anti-androgenic treatment was started on day 9 (1,200 mg.day-1 ketoconazole and 2,000 mg.day-1 sodium fosfestrol). Within 48 h, the patient had began to recover in quite a spectacular manner. Ketoconazole starts blocking steroid synthesis within 4 h of giving it. This treatment can be used until oestrogen therapy starts having an effect (about one week). The low levels of testosterone in this case, before starting treatment, suggest that ketoconazole acted on the DIC by a possible cytotoxic effect on the carcinomatous cells.
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PMID:[Favorable outcome of neoplastic disseminated intravascular coagulation treated with ketoconazole and estrogen derivative]. 192 64

A previous study in our laboratory demonstrated that 30-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats exposed to 7.5% sodium saccharin (NaS) since conception differ from untreated rats in several physiological parameters. In the present study, to determine the dose response of the changes associated with NaS treatment, animals were evaluated at 30 days post-birth, after treatment with dietary levels of 0, 1, 3 or 7.5% NaS since conception. Most physiological consequences of NaS treatment in the weanling rat, including anaemia and reductions in serum folate and vitamin A concentrations, were dose dependent. Serum vitamin E, cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations were decreased at the two lower doses of NaS but were significantly increased with 7.5% NaS. The no-effect level (NOEL) was similar for physiological effects and for bladder tumour production in two-generation studies (1% NaS in the diet). The reversibility of the effects of 7.5% NaS was examined in 90-day-old rats. The increases in lipids and vitamin E were reversible. Although values for haematological parameters and serum vitamin A remained significantly reduced at 90 days, changes were less severe than at 30 days. Histological examinations revealed that the effects of 7.5% dietary NaS on the bladder were negligible, indicating that the physiological changes observed in the young rat are probably not directly related to the production of bladder tumours.
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PMID:Effects of in utero and postnatal sodium saccharin exposure on the nutritional status of the young rat. II. Dose response and reversibility. 195 20

In a child who probably received an overdose of sodium valproate, progressive coma, intermittent tonic-clonic seizures and anuria developed. Laboratory investigations revealed coagulopathy, and anaemia and mildly disturbed liver function. Progressive renal insufficiency, probably due to rhabdomyolysis and myoglobulinuria, occurred later. Treatment consisted of supportive measures, combined haemoperfusion and haemodialysis and IV thiopentone. Clinical and biochemical normalisation was observed after 11 days.
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PMID:Acute sodium valproate intoxication: occurrence of renal failure and treatment with haemoperfusion-haemodialysis. 210 81

We have reviewed 10 cases of gold sodium aurothiomalate (GSTM) induced marrow suppression. All had biopsy proven marrow hypoplasia/aplasia. Anemia, neutropenia and thrombocytopenia were observed in 7 of the 10 patients. In 2 patients, hypoplastic marrow was associated with suppression of 2 of the formed elements of the blood, while in one patient, there was isolated neutropenia. Nine of the 10 patients survived. Bone marrow recovery occurred within an average of 5.4 months. A response was seen in 3 with antithymocyte globulin. One patient required an allogeneic bone marrow transplant. A combination of corticosteroids and androgens was associated with recovery in 5. Blood and platelet transfusions and antibiotics were instituted only when clinically indicated. We conclude that the prognosis of GSTM induced marrow suppression is better than previously reported.
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PMID:Gold induced marrow suppression: a review of 10 cases. 210 5


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