Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0002871 (anemia)
 52,094 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An infant with a large occipital hemangioendothelioma with thrombocytopenia, anemia, and hypofibrinogenemia--Kasabach-Merritt syndrome--was reported. The case, a male neonate is unique, for this is the first report with this syndrome in whom the large hemangioma was noted at birth on the midocciput simulating the occipital encephalomeningocele. With the development of thrombocytopenia of 84,000 per mm3, hypofibrinogenemia of 92 mg/dl, anemia (erythrocyte 193 X 10(4) per mm3, hemoglobin 5.9 g/dl, hematocrit 16 vol%), hepato-splenomegalia, enlargement and bluish discoloration of the tumor noted on the 21/2 months of life, total excision was intended prior to the expected occurence of the systemic purpura. The patient received fresh whole blood transfusion immediately prior to surgery, and the total excision was successfully performed. Excessive bleeding was not encountered. Abrupt rise in the platelet count, red blood cell count, hemoglobin and hematocrit to normal range was noted at the first postoperative day; he was discharged on the 17th day after surgery. Nineteen months' follow-up showed normal hematologic findings with good somatic and mental development. The specimen weighing 250 g. revealed benigh hemangioendothelioma. Silver impregnation demonstrated lobular aggregates of small vascular channels. Papillary projection of interstitial cells into the lumen, reaction of the endothelium of the vessels, newly formed thrombus, ishemic necrosis and hemorrhage, hyaline degeneration of interstitial tissue were noted. These findings suggested the disseminated intravascular coagulation within the tumor followed by fibrinolysis accounts for loss of blood corpuscles, platelet, fibrinogen and clotting factors, which leads ultimately to the consumption coagulopathy and diffuse bleeding.
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PMID:[Giant occipital hemangioendothelioma with thrombocytopenia, anemia and hypofibrinogenemia treated by total excision (author's transl)]. 123 5

In the US and northern Europe, the prevalence of pregnant syphilitic women is estimated at .1-.6%, while in South Africa it was 7.6% in 1982. In 1978, there 108 cases in the US which increased to 268 reported cases in 1985. The increase of congenital syphilis (CS) by 25% from 1985 to 1988 was attributed to the spread of crack cocaine in the US. The rate was 10.5 cases/100,000 live births in the US during this period, a 21% increase. In contrast, in the Netherlands there were 2.5 cases/100,000 live births during 1982-85. Clinical symptoms appear 3 weeks after birth, but some are present at birth such as hepatosplenomegaly, bloated abdomen, cutaneous lesions, and nasal discharge turning into purulent rhinitis. Anemia occurs in 90% of children with CS. Generalized lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly with hepatomegaly, and syphilitic hepatitis may also occur. Syphilitic skeletal abnormalities include osteochondritis, periostitis, osteomyelitis, and osteitis. Meningovascular syphilis produces nervous system effects. CS complications include nephrotic syndrome and acute glomerulonephritis. Ocular abnormalities are caused by treponemes found in the cornea, sclera, uvea, retina and the optic nerve. Chorioretinitis and iridocyclitis are common ocular lesions. The pathogen Treponema pallidum can be diagnosed by dark field microscopy, by immunofluorescence, or by histopathological examination of silver-stained preparations. Pregnancy women with syphilis are treated with penicillin although failures have been reported after single or 2 or 3 in administrations of 2.4 MU benzathine penicillin and after giving tetracycline in 3rd trimester pregnancy. The CDC recommendation for treating infants with CS is iv 50,000 U/kg penicillin G every 8-12 hours for 10-14 days or im 50,000 U procaine penicillin once daily for 10-14 days. Single administration of 50,000 U/kg benzathine penicillin is recommended for newborn children whose mothers have been treated with erythromycin.
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PMID:Congenital syphilis. 161 61

This literature review compares the merits and disadvantages of the levonorgestrel-releasing IUD made by Leiras Pharmaceuticals, Turkey, Finland (LNG-IUD-20), with the Nova-T, Copper-T (TCu) and 220C, and Copper-T-38-Ag (TCu-380Ag). This IUD releases 20 mcg levonorgestrel daily from a Silastic sleeve on the vertical shaft containing 52 mg. The plasma level stabilized after a month at about 0.2 ng/ml, about half as high as that seen with Norplant implants. It is identical in size to the Nova-T. The Cu-T IUDs differ with respect to copper wire or sleeves, or silver-cored wire. The chief studies reviewed here were 2 multi-center trails primarily in European countries, and a 2 large multi-center trials in India. Cumulative pregnancy rates were 0.0 to 0.6 per 100 users for the LNG IUD, compared to slightly higher failures for inert or copper IUDs. While removal rates for bleeding, pain and pelvic inflammatory disease were lower for the LNG-IUD-20, removals for oligomenorrhea, amenorrhea and hormonal side effects were higher than for the other IUDS. In the Indian trials, removals for amenorrhea and irregular bleeding were much higher than rates reported in the European studies, resulting in significantly lower continuation rates overall. The results pointed to district benefits for the LNG-IUD-20, such as lower blood loss and anemia, relief of dysmenorrhea and menorrhagia, as well as possible lower risks of ectopic pregnancy in case of failure, less PID (pelvic inflammatory disease), and the claim by the maker that strictly correct placement is not necessary. Disadvantages of the LNG-IUD-20 are more difficult insertion due to the wider diameter; oligomenorrhea, amenorrhea and irregular bleeding; hormonal side effects such as acne, weight gain, nausea, headache and breast tension; and potential risk of functional ovarian cysts. The LNG-IUD-20 is considered comparable to copper IUDs in effectiveness, safety, longevity, and return to fertility after removal. Users should be counseled that the oligomenorrhea or amenorrhea is neither a medical problem or indicative of infertility, is common for the 1st 2 months, is reversible on removal, may signal an improved hemoglobin profile, relief of dysmenorrhea, and may be preferred to heavy bleeding from other IUDS. The program implications of this IUD are potential lower incidence of ectopic pregnancy and PID. The effect of its use on breast feeding, cost-effectiveness compared to Norplant, in-country manufacture, and cultural acceptance need to be determined in specific locales.
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PMID:An evaluation of the levonorgestrel-releasing IUD: its advantages and disadvantages when compared to the copper-releasing IUDs. 177 15

Atypical structured glomerular deposits were identified in sub-epithelial, sub-endothelial and mesangial areas in biopsy tissue from a female, aged 33, who presented with anaemia and was found to have proteinuria and microscopic haematuria. Histological examination showed that the deposits were periodic acid Schiff positive and silver negative whilst stains for amyloid were negative. Immunofluorescent staining for all immunoglobulins was negative, and only C3 showed moderate labelling. Conventional electron microscopy revealed that all deposits contained microtubular structures of variable length but with an average diameter of 25 nm and a periodicity of approximately 16 nm. The glomerular basement membrane was interrupted in many areas by deposits, and also contained 'myelin-like' structures. Free microtubular structures were also seen in the urinary space. Immunoelectron microscopy using protein-A-gold confirmed the immunofluorescent findings with immunoglobulins and fibrinogen, showed marked positive labelling of deposits with C1s and C3d and also intense labelling of coiled microtubular structures with C9. Other complement components C1q, C1r, C3c, C4 and C5 showed weak or negative results. Although these organised glomerular deposits contain complement components, their pathogenesis remains uncertain.
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PMID:Atypical structured glomerular deposits: an immunohistochemical study. 195 78

Staphylococcus epidermidis was established as the causal agent of true bacteremia on the basis of microbiologic, epidemiologic, clinical, and prognostic data on 65 episodes of S. epidermidis bacteremia (SEB) recorded in the Hospital Covadonga of Oviedo, Spain, during 1982-1986. All isolates were susceptible in vitro to vancomycin, mercury, silver, cadmium, and malachite green, and 95.2% of isolates were susceptible to cephalothin; a dominant biotype, four resistotypes (ion-dye resistance patterns), and four antibiotypes (antibiotic resistance patterns) were found. A high percentage of isolates (76.7%) produced slime, and several potentially toxic exoproteins were detected in various and generally lower proportions. The main clinical features of SEB were high frequency in male patients greater than 40 years of age, fever, leukocytosis, anemia, and phlebitis. Indwelling devices were the most common portal of entry. The overall death rate was 36.9%. Underlying disease, hemodynamic status, predisposing factors, and treatment were statistically significant parameters in relation to mortality.
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PMID:Bacteremia due to Staphylococcus epidermidis: microbiologic, epidemiologic, clinical, and prognostic features. 235 10

In situ hybridization was used to quantitate the cells that produce erythropoietin (EP) in the renal cortices of mice with varying severities of acute anemia and of mice recovering from severe, acute anemia. The number of EP-producing cells in the renal cortex increased in an exponential manner as hematocrit was decreased. Individual EP-producing cells had very similar densities of silver grains in autoradiograms regardless of whether they were from normal mice or from slightly, moderately or severely anemic animals. With increasingly severe anemia, total renal EP mRNA levels and serum EP concentrations showed increases that correlated with the number of renal EP-producing cells. These results indicate that as mice become more anemic, additional cells are recruited to produce EP rather than the cells already producing EP being stimulated to increase their individual production. In mildly and moderately anemic animals, small clusters of EP-producing cells were found in the inner cortex with large areas of cortex containing no EP-producing cells. In severely anemic mice, EP-producing cells were found throughout the inner cortex with only a very few found scattered in the outer cortex and outer medulla. The data indicate that only a subset of total renal interstitial cells produce EP. During recovery from severe, acute anemia, the numbers of EP-producing cells decreased exponentially as hematocrits rose and correlated with decreases in total renal EP mRNA and serum EP concentrations. These results suggest that following an acute blood loss and during the recovery from a blood loss, the capacity to deliver oxygen, as represented by hematocrit, is the major regulator of EP production.
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PMID:Quantitation of erythropoietin-producing cells in kidneys of mice by in situ hybridization: correlation with hematocrit, renal erythropoietin mRNA, and serum erythropoietin concentration. 275 38

Protein and lipid analyses were conducted on isolated erythrocyte and lymphocyte plasma membranes from 7-wk-old male C57BL copper-deficient and copper-supplemented mice to investigate mechanisms for the altered immunity that accompanies dietary copper deficiency. Beginning at parturition, dams were fed a diet low in copper (0.5 mg/kg) and the offspring were weaned to this diet. Half the dams and their respective offspring received supplemental copper (20 mg/L) in the drinking water (+Cu) and served as controls. Unsupplemented offspring (-Cu) had lower activity of cuproenzymes serum ceruloplasmin, spleen and thymus cytochrome-c oxidase and copper, zinc-superoxide dismutase. The -Cu mice exhibited anemia, splenomegaly and thymic atrophy. Based on the marker enzyme alkaline phosphodiesterase I (APDE-I), lymphocyte plasma membranes were enriched 7- to 10-fold for spleen and thymus, respectively, after discontinuous sucrose density centrifugation. The activity of APDE-I was higher in spleen and thymus samples from -Cu mice than from those of +Cu mice for both crude homogenates and purified plasma membranes. Proteins were fractionated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis followed by silver staining. A yellow-appearing band, Mr 74,000, present in all splenic membrane samples from +Cu mice was not evident in the samples from -Cu mice. Fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) were quantified by gas chromatography. Compared to splenic membranes from +Cu mice, the samples from -Cu mice demonstrated significant changes in all FAME (lower 16:0, 18:0 and 20:3n-6 and higher 18:1n-9, 18:2n-6 and 20:4n-6), including a higher unsaturation index. FAME composition of erythrocyte ghosts from -Cu mice demonstrated similar changes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Dietary copper deficiency alters protein and lipid composition of murine lymphocyte plasma membranes. 359 18

Membrane and membrane skeleton proteins were examined in erythroid progenitor cells during terminal differentiation. The employed model system of erythroid differentiation was that in which proerythroblasts from mice infected with the anemia-inducing strain of Friend virus differentiate in vitro in response to erythropoietin (EP). With this system, developmentally homogeneous populations of cells can be examined morphologically and biochemically as they progress from proerythroblasts through enucleated reticulocytes. alpha and beta spectrins, the major proteins of the erythrocyte membrane skeleton, are synthesized in the erythroblasts both before and after EP exposure. At all times large portions of the newly synthesized spectrins exist in and are turned over in the cytoplasm. The remaining newly synthesized spectrin is found in a cellular fraction containing total membranes. Pulse-chase experiments show that little of the cytoplasmic spectrins become membrane associated, but that the proportion of newly synthesized spectrin which is membrane associated increases as maturation proceeds. A membrane fraction enriched in plasma membranes has significant differences in the stoichiometry of spectrin accumulation as compared to total cellular membranes. Synthesis of band 3 protein, the anion transporter, is induced only after EP addition to the erythroblasts. All of the newly synthesized band 3 is membrane associated. A two-dimensional gel survey was conducted of newly synthesized proteins in the plasma membrane enriched fraction of the erythroblasts as differentiation proceeded. A majority of the newly synthesized proteins remain in the same proportion to each other during maturation; however, a few newly synthesized proteins greatly increase following EP induction while others decrease markedly. Of the radiolabeled proteins observed in two dimensional gels, only the spectrins, band 3 and actin become major proteins of the mature erythrocyte membrane. Examination of total proteins of the plasma membrane enriched fractions of EP-treated erythroblasts using silver staining and 32P autoradiography show that many proteins and phosphoproteins are selectively eliminated from this fraction late in the course of differentiation during the reticulocyte stage. The selective removal of many proteins at the reticulocyte stage of development combined with previous selective synthesis and accumulation of some specific proteins such as alpha and beta spectrin and band 3 in the differentiating erythroblasts lead to the final mammalian erythrocyte membrane structure.
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PMID:Changes in erythroid membrane proteins during erythropoietin-mediated terminal differentiation. 369 8

1. Peripheral blood reiculocytes of normal and bled rabbits and of rabbits with phenylhydrazine-induced anemia, were morphologically analysed, through silver sections, for a relative evaluation of hemoglobin (Hb) biosynthesis activity. 2. Reticulocytes of maturation degrees within the range of 35-60 polysomes/microns2, were compared as to their mean numbers of hemosomes (sites of heme integration into the globin chains), and mitochondria (indirect precursors for hemosome formation). 3. The results on the mean numbers of hemosomes per reticulocyte section, correlated to several physiological data under those three conditions, suggested a close relationship between Hb biosynthesis activity and hemosome frequency. 4. In bled rabbits, reticulocytes showing a low mean number of hemosomes (means hB/section = 0.32), as compared to reticulocytes of normal rabbits (means hN/section = 0.70) and to reticulocytes of rabbits with hemolytic anemia (means hH/section = 2.10), gave rise to a new erythrocyte population characterized by a low Hb content. 5. Hb concentration differences were verified by confronting hematological data before bleeding with those obtained after the regression of anemia.
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PMID:A relative morphological evaluation of hemoglobin biosynthesis in peripheral blood reticulocytes of normal and anemic rabbits. 613 19

Workers, who had been exposed to cadmium oxide fume, i.e., engaged in welding work with cadmium containing silver solder in an automobile parts manufacturing factory, were examined in 1975. Twenty two male welders were 22 to 55 years old and exposed to cadmium for periods ranging from 7 months to 23 years. Excreted urinary cadmium levels varied from 5.7 micrograms to 184.9 micrograms per day, and these values were useful indices of most recent exposures in workshop environments. The examinees were divided into three groups according to excreted urinary cadmium levels: five of them in high, eleven in middle, and six in low group, respectively. Workers in high-excretion group complained of considerable subjective symptoms and their urinary protein showed a remarkable increase, compared to middle- and low-excretion groups, and the electrophoretic pattern of urinary proteins showed preponderance of globulins. Urinary calcium and beta 2-microglobulin in the high-excretion group showed a remarkable increase. In all examinees, urinary phosphate, calcium, and beta 2-microglobulin were significantly correlated with urinary excreted cadmium. Furthermore, in the high-excretion group showed a considerable increase of serum creatinine values and reduction of creatinine clearance, and percent tubular reabsorption of phosphate, calcium and beta 2-microglobulin decreased. In all examinees, creatinine clearance and percent tubular reabsorption of both phosphate and calcium were significantly negatively correlated with urinary cadmium excretion. Therefore, five high-excretion workers showed evidence of chronic renal tubular dysfunction and one of these was particularly recognized as having remarkable renal damage. The possibility to affirm the effects of exposure to cadmium was suggested on hematological findings related to anemia. Liver function abnormalities were not recognized. A slight reduction of the respiratory function was found in one worker of the high-excretion group, but radiological examination of chest showed no abnormalities in all examinees.
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PMID:[Chronic renal dysfunction in workers exposed to cadmium oxide fume. Medical examinations of welders using cadmium containing silver solder]. 639 51


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