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Query: UMLS:C0002871 (anemia)
 52,094 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Radiochromium measurement of gastrointestinal (GI) blood loss was performed on an outpatient basis on 57 patients with unexplained iron-deficiency anaemia. With the exception of pre-menopausal women, patients were only selected for study if the anaemia remained unexplained after careful GI radiological and endoscopic examination. Occult GI blood loss was confirmed in 31 patients and further investigation including laparotomy in some cases, led to a diagnosis in 17 of the 31. Carcinoma was present in five (colon four, stomach one) and benign lesions of the small intestine in five. There was no correlation between the severity or pattern of bleeding and the nature of the lesion. Of the 26 patients without demonstrable occult bleeding, anaemia was aspirin-induced in five and caused by menorrhagia in six. With the pre-menopausal women, measurement of both GI and menstrual blood loss resulted in detection of silent GI lesions in four and gynaecological disease in six. The cause of anaemia has not been elucidated in 23 of the 57 patients, including seven of 11 with aortic valve disease, even after follow-up for an average of 3.0 years. These results indicate that radiochromium studies effectively identify the patients with unexplained iron-deficiency anaemia who require continued active investigation for a focal GI lesion.
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PMID:Evaluation of radiochromium blood loss studies in unexplained iron-deficiency anaemia. 30 49

With the passive hemagglutination method the authors proved antibodies against milkprotein fractions in three of nine patients with hypochrome anemia aged 7, 12 and 17 months. In these children the X-ray examination showed an intestinal allergy, presumably the reason for occult intestinal bleeding which inturn caused hypochrome anemia. After milk was eliminated from the diet iron therapy restored a normal haemoglobin content. Iron therapy alone only improved the anemia, since continuing intestinal bleeding prevented fullrecovery.
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PMID:[Iron deficiency anemia caused by occult intestinal bleeding due to milk allergy (author's transl)]. 30 64

Nutritional anaemia, due chiefly to iron deficiency, is widely prevalent in many parts of the world. There is increasing evidence that even mild anaemia affects health and reduces productivity and that a high prevalence of anaemia has profound socioeconomic consequences. The pathogenesis of nutritional anaemia is now reasonably well understood. Measures avilable for combating it include: therapeutic supplementation for accessible population groups with a high prevalence of anaemia, such as pregnant women and schoolchildren; iron fortification of one or more widely consumed foodstuffs; management of those conditions, such as hookworm infestation, that increase requirements for haemopoietic nutrients; and education of the public, and of all categories of health personnel, regarding the importance of anaemia and the ways of controlling it. Experience has shown that there is no simple solution to the problem and in each area where iron deficiency anaemia is prevalent it will probably be necessary to develop and combine many or all of these measures. In each community it will be necessary to introduce these measures so that their effectiveness can first be studied in a pilot trial. When this has been successfully completed it should be followed by a field trial under realistic conditions, and only when this has proved successful should a regional or national programme be introduced. However, the problem is complex and it is only by sustained effort of all concerned that it will prove possible to develop adequate public health control of nutritional anaemia.
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PMID:Nutritional anaemia--a major controllable public health problem. 31 Jul 14

Three patients who bled from curious vascular lesions of the gastric antrum are described. Each presented with an iron-deficiency anemia. Histological examination in two of the patients demonstrated numerous ectatic submucosal vessels in the antrum, the appearances being somewhat similar to angiodysplasia of the colon. The gastric lesions were not shown by barium meal examination or angiography but gave characteristic appearances on endoscopy. We believe that Billroth I partial gastrectomy is the treatment of choice for this condition.
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PMID:Abnormal blood vessels in the gastric antrum: a cause of upper-gastrointestinal bleeding. 31 27

The prevalence and causes of anemia have been studied in 104 patients over 60 years of age admitted to a general medical ward in Jerusalem. In males and females, mean hemoglobin levels were about 1 g less than in the corresponding groups of healthy younger controls. A primary nutritional anemia could not be implicated in any of the 15 patients with hemoglobins below 11 g/dl. The most important causes of anemia were chronic renal failure, metastatic carcinoma, gastrointestinal bleeding, and infection. Conversely, in diseases with no adverse effect on erythropoiesis such as chronic ischemic heart disease, hypertension and diabetes, hemoglobin levels were equal to those of the younger controls. These findings indicate that although diminished serum iron and RBC folate levels may occasionally be found in elderly subjects, nutritional deficiency is seldom responsible for anemia in this age group in Israel- and anemia when present is often the manifestation of a chronic underlying disease.
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PMID:Prevalence and causes of anemia in elderly hospitalized patients. 31 45

Iron should not be prescribed to middle-aged men or older women with anaemia unless the possibility that the iron deficiency is caused by a gastrointestinal tumour has been considered. Thus the prescribing of iron to elderly people was investigated by studying four different prescription statistics and by reviewing records. Over one in 10 women aged over 65 were prescribed iron tablets. Men and women in the oldest age groups were prescribed iron most frequently. The reasons for prescribing iron were examined at a rural health centre. Out of 327 records of patients who were prescribed iron during 1975, 157 were randomly selected and reviewed. Only 18 out of 48 (38%) patients aged 45-75 (men) and 55-75 (women) and 29 out of 109 (27%) aged over 75 years had probable or possible iron-deficiency anaemia as established from the records. Only nine (19%) of the younger patients had a plausible reason for the anaemia other than a bleeding tumour. Ten (9%) of the older patients were considered to be inoperable cases. Thus, according to the records, only 18 (17%) of the patients over 75 years and nine (19%) of those in the younger age group have been prescribed iron. About 70% of all the patients were considered not to have iron deficiency; 7% had had iron deficiency previously, and 20% probably had anaemia as a result of chronic disease; for 43% no real reason for the iron prescription could be found in the record. Thus it is concluded that iron is overprescribed in Sweden, particularly for elderly people. It should not be prescribed until the possibility of a bleeding gastrointestinal tumour has been excluded.
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PMID:Overprescribing iron tablets to elderly people in Sweden. 31 8

Flounders (Pleuronectes flesus) were exposed to sublethal levels of cadmium (5, 50, and 500 micrograms of Cd2+/liter) for periods of 4 and 9 weeks, and the hematological response as well as the effect on the activity of delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALA-D) in blood and blood-forming tissues were investigated. Significant reductions of hematocrit, hemoglobin, and red blood cell count were found in the cadmium-exposed fish. This anemic response was apparent even in flounders exposed to the lowest cadmium concentration, approximately corresponding to 1/4000 of the 96-hr LC50 value. The anemia was accompanied by a significant increase of the ALA-D activity in renal tissues. This indicates a compensatory stimulation of the introductory steps of the hemoglobin biosynthesis. However, the formation of hemoglobin does not seem to be accomplished, which might be due to a disturbed iron metabolism. The cadmium exposure also resulted in a significant increase of the number of lymphocytes, indicating an action on the immunological defense of the fish.
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PMID:The effect of cadmium on the hematology and on the activity of delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALA-D) in blood and hematopoietic tissues of the flounder, Pleuronectes flesus L. 31 13

To test the hypothesis that iron deficiency in infants and children is associated with behavioral alterations, 24 infants with iron deficienty anemia, ages 9 to 26 months, were randomly assigned to a treatment and control group. Bayley Scales of Infant Development were administered before treatment with intramuscular iron or placebo; the test was readministered in five to eight days. Children treated with iron showed a significant increase in their scores on the Mental Development Index averaging a mean gain of 13.6 points in a mean time of 6.8 days. The treated group was found to become more alert and responsive and demonstrated improvement in tests of gross and fine motor coordination. These findings support the hypothesis that iron deficiency in infants produced developmental alterations and that these changes are rapidly reversible with iron therapy.
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PMID:The effects of therapy on the developmental scores of iron-deficient infants. 33 72

Fifteen patients with proven iron-deficiency anaemia treated with intramuscular injections of Ferastral, iron-poly (sorbitol-gluconic acid) complex, have been studied. Fourteen showed a satisfactory rise in haematocrit. No local or systemic complications were observed. One patient with iron-deficiency anaemia due to a bleeding malignant lesion did not achieve a satisfactory haematocrit level although the bone marrow showed iron repletion following the injection. It is concluded that Ferastral is an effective drug in the treatment of iron-deficiency anaemia.
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PMID:Clinical trial of Ferastral in iron-deficient, non-pregnant patients in Ibadan, Nigeria. 34 Dec 86

A new parenteral iron preparation, iron-poly (sorbitol-gluconic acid) complex, (Ferastral) has been evaluated in the treatment of iron-deficient, non-pregnant Gambian adults. A total of twenty patients of both sexes were included in the study. The cause of anaemia in the majority of cases was hookworm infection but also other diagnostic categories were present. Sixteen patients completed their treatment without difficulty. All patients showed a good initial haematological response. Over the first three weeks the mean daily increments followed a linear trend. There was a significant inverse correlation between initial haemoglobin concentration and the increment in concentration after three weeks treatment. Side-effects were noted in four patients; in two patients it was ascribed to treatment, in two there was concurrent infection. Parenteral iron therapy is considered to have definite advantages over oral iron in the tropics because of certainty of administration, replenishment of iron stores, and effectiveness when small bowel disease or dietary factors reduce absorption.
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PMID:The use of Ferastral in iron-deficient, non-pregnant Gambian adults. 34 Dec 88


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