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Query: UMLS:C0002871 (anemia)
 52,094 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effect of 12 and 24 h continuous subcutaneous infusion of desferrioxamine (D.F.) on urinary iron excretion was compared in 13 patients with beta-thalassaemia major and 1 with congenital sideroblastic anaemia, all of whom were receiving regular blood-transfusions. 750 mg D.F. given over a 12 h period, gave a mean total (30 h) iron excretion of 17-5 mg, which was not statistically different from the mean iron excretion of 21-5 mg when the same dose was delivered over 24 h. 1500 mg D.F. gave a mean urinary iron excretion of 28-1 mg with a 12 h infusion, which was significantly less than the mean iron excretion of 39-6 mg with 24 h infusion. The 1500 mg dose gave a significant increase in iron excretion compared with the 750 mg dose when given by either 12 h or 24 h infusion. 7 of 8 patients, given D.F. over a 12 h period, had increased iron excretion when the dose was increased from 750 to 2000 mg. When the dose was increased to 4000 mg, however, the effect on iron excretion was variable. On the other hand, ascorbic-acid therapy was invariably associated with increased iron excretion after subcutaneous D.F. In twelve studies at different dose levels of D.F., ascorbate therapy was associated with increased iron excretion ranging from 24 to 245%. It is concluded that in most patients with transfusional iron overload subcutaneous D.F over a 12 h period, at a dose ranging from 2 to 4 g daily with ascorbic-acid saturation, is at present the most satisfactory method of removing excess iron.
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PMID:Effect of dose, time, and ascorbate on iron excretion after subcutaneous desferrioxamine. 6 69

Nine out of ten patients dialysed in a satellite dialysis unit became severely anaemic over a 2-month period. The onset of anaemia coincided with the installation of a new galvanised-iron water softener in the dialysate water-supply system. An activated carbon filter was installed and haemoglobin levels returned towards previous values. Two patients on home dialysis showed similar falls in haemoglobin after the installation of galvanised iron piping in their dialysate water-supply systems; these problems also resolved after carbon filtration of the dialysis water. It is suggested that elution of zinc from galvanised iron can cause anaemia in dialysis patients. Carbon filtration removes of 95-99% of the zinc eluted.
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PMID:Dialysis anaemia caused by subacute zinc toxicity. 6 77

On the basis of general haematological, clinicochemical, cytomorphological, cytochemical and nuclearmedical investigations the anaemia of chronic haemodialysis can be considered as a renal anaemia modified by a permanent dialysis. It is less characterized by lack of erythropoietin, but more by a strong lack of iron, moderate haemolysis and slight deficiency of folic acid. After gradual diagnostics the substitution treatment with iron is absolutely necessary, medication of folic acid should be attempted. A permanent therapy with 80-120 mg of iron weekly administered parenterally can be successfully performed and 10-15 mg of folic acid daily, which will markedly lower the rate of transfusion.
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PMID:[Anemia in chronic hemodialysis]. 6 88

The authors describe two cases of geophagia (45 years old mother and her 25 years old daughter). Both suffered from an anaemia of medium degree only (case 1: 3.77 million of erythrocytes, Hb 8.5 g%; case 2: 3.34 million of erythrocytes, Hb 10 g%), there was a serious iron deficiency (46 and 35 microgram % respectively of serum iron). Both were blood donors, the mother 7 times and the daughter 31 times. In both cases the iron deficiency existed before geophagia. The desire for eating argillacecous earth already disappeared after the application of some ampules of Ferrlecit injected intravenously, even before the values of the serum iron and the number of erythrocytes had changed. The number of erythrocytes, the Hb value and that of haematocrit as well as the values of the serum iron normalized completely. EEG changes were observed in both cases, which could be influenced by the ferrotherapy. The authors recommend the serum iron estimation in all blood donors as well as the introduction of their routine treatment with iron preparations.
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PMID:[Geophagia sideropenica]. 7 33

Serum carcinoembryonic antigen (C.E.A.) levels were measured in 381 undiagnosed patients who presented with clinical problems commonly associated with gastrointestinal malignancy. The results were compared with the final diagnosis after follow-up for up to 5 years to see whether C.E.A.-testing added any useful information. Of 307 patients presenting with upper gastrointestinal symptoms, lower gastrointestinal symptoms, or irom deficiency anaemia, C.E.A. levels greater than 20 ng/ml indicated malignancy in 5 but in 3 of these malignancy was also diagnosed after routine investigation. Of 74 patients presenting with obstructive jaundice, hepatomegaly, or abnormal liver function, malignancy was diagnosed in 38. In 9 of these patients the diagnosis of malignancy could otherwise have been reached only by laparotomy. The serum-C.E.A. thus reached only by laparotomy. The serum-C.E.A. thus seems to be of value in the assessment of liver disease but not in patients with gastric or colonic symptoms or iron-deficiency anaemia.
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PMID:Carcinoembryonic antigen concentrations in undiagnosed patients. 8 41

36% of a total of chronic liver patients suffered from anaemia and 50.5% of patients affected with liver cirrhosis. In most cases the anaemias were normochrome and hypochrome or hyperchrome only in some cases. In analyzing possible single factors the reductions of vitamin B12 absorption could be made probable by means of the Schilling test and sometimes a folic acid deficiency in macrocyte anaemia with normal vitamin B12 absorption by determining the folic acid content in the serum and by successes of test treatment 82% of patients with liver cirrhosis showed a latent or manifest haemolysis. However, it was only in 1/3 of the patients with liver cirrhosis that the spleen turned out to be the place of an increased degradation of erythrocytes. In some cases an increased erythrocytoclasia into the liver could be identified. Predominantly, however, an increased degradation of erythrocytes in the total RHS had to be assumed. Twice an ineffective erythropoiesis could be found by ferrokinetic examinations. As a whole ferrokinetic examinations cannot be interpreted easily, because their static and dynamic values of iron transport in the plasma volume of liver patients will undergo considerable changes. Patients with disturbances of haematopoiesis and with haemolysis remaining in the latent stage may develop a manifest anaemia because of the influence of additional factors, such as increase of the plasma volume at lowered haematocrit value or microbleedings. The cause of anaemia cannot be concluded with sufficient probability from the type of anaemia; in a single case all pathogenetic factors will rather have to be analyzed. Therapeutic possibilities for hepatogenous anaemia of complex genesis are discussed.
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PMID:[Complex genesis of anemia in chronic liver diseases]. 8 89

Recent epidemiological surveys have demonstrated the association between malnutrition and infectious diseases. Parasitic infections, diarrhea, pneumonia, hepatitis and tuberculosis are more frequent and most serious in undernourished people and in infants with low birth weight. Data suggest an increased susceptibility to infectious diseases in individuals with protein-energy malnutrition and with iron-deficiency anemia; circulating lymphocytes and intraepithelial lymphocytes are also reduced in cases of malnutrition. Due to impaired immunological response, the effectiveness of prophilactic vaccination is doubtful in undernourished people; there have been, for example, reports of geographical variations in the response of children to polio virus vaccine. A whole series of strategies must be taken into consideration to break the vicious circle of malnutrition-infection; some of these are: breastfeeding; an improved schedule of vaccinations; nutritional supplement, especially for hospitalized patients; and prevention of low birth weight.
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PMID:Nutritional deficiency and susceptibility to infection. 10 17

A lipoxygenase has been purified from rabbit reticulocyte-rich anaemic blood cells. It possesses a molecular weight of 78 000 and an isoelectric point of 5.5 and contains 5% neutral sugars and two iron atoms per enzyme molecule. The lipoxygenase has proved to be identical with the inhibitors of respiratory proteins described formerly. The actions of the lipoxygenase on linoleic acid, phospholipids, mitochondrial and erythrocyte membranes and electron transfer particles were studied. A special feature of the reticulocyte lipoxygenase is the suicidal character of its action on lipids. With electron transfer particles the reticulocyte lipoxygenase causes a loss of acid-labile sulfur which accompanies respiratory inhibition; the strong respiratory inhibition is not exerted by soybean lipoxygenase. The reticulocyte lipoxygenase acts preferably on mitochondrial membranes as compared with cell membranes of the erythrocyte; erythrocyte cytosol moderates the action on mitochondrial membranes. Furthermore, the lipoxygenase reaction can concomitantly and irreversibly inactivate sulfhydryl enzymes as demonstrated with muscle glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. The occurrence of the lipoxygenase here described is restricted to reticulocytes; very low amounts were observed in bone marrow and no lipoxygenase was detectable in normal blood. During the course of an experimental anaemia the lipoxygenase is produced owing to superinduction in large amounts, which may persist for a long time since they escape inactivation. Preliminary evidence was obtained for the occurrence of other lipoxygenases in tissues of lung, spleen, kidney and also epithelial tumours.
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PMID:The lipoxygenase of reticulocytes. Purification, characterization and biological dynamics of the lipoxygenase; its identity with the respiratory inhibitors of the reticulocyte. 11 25

Immunologically determined reference values of serum transferrin are presented for adults and children. A good correlation between serum transferrin and total iron-binding capacity values was found. In 2 groups of anaemic patients - 51 patients with iron deficiency anaemia and 45 patients with anaemia of chronic disorders - serum transferrin determination distinguishes the two groups of anaemic patients from normals somewhat better than TIBC determination.
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PMID:Immunochemical determination of serum transferrin. Reference values, correlation with serum total iron-binding capacity and value in the diagnosis of iron deficiency anaemia and anaemia of chronic disorders. 11 62

Lactoferrin turnover was studied in the rabbit with 125I- and 131I-labelled human lactoferrin. Plasma lactoferrin activity showed a rapid decrease during the first 24 h, followed by a 'final slope' with a T1/2 of about 25 h. Turnover studies after transfer of plasma from one rabbit (A) 3 h after injection to another rabbit (B), showed a recovery of 100% compared to 30% in A rabbits but otherwise a similar disappearance curve. The rapid turnover was confirmed in whole body studies. Concomitantly with the initial dissapearance from the plasma, there was a marked accumulation of proteinbound activity only in the liver in both A and B rabbits. From these results, the rate of synthesis in normal man can be estimated at around 25 mg per d. The disappearance pattern and hepatic uptake are discussed in relation to knowledge about lactoferrin receptors in macrophages, asialo elimination, and fucose group recognition. Concerning the significance of lactoferrin turnover for iron metabolism it is concluded that the plasma turnover results are insufficient to explain the disturbance in iron kinetics seen in the anaemia of chronic disorders; however, it is likely that lactoferrin plays a role in iron metabolism within the extravascular space.
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PMID:Turnover of human lactoferrin in the rabbit. 12 4


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