Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0002871 (anemia)
 52,094 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Fifty-five pregnant Rhesus isoimmunized women were subjected to fetal blood sampling or fetal blood transfusion on 135 occasions. Glucose and C-peptide concentrations were measured in fetal blood, in addition to the routine investigations for complete blood count, blood gases and lactate concentration, in order to investigate whether fetal insulin secretion was affected by hypoxia from fetal anemia. We found a strong relation between the concentration of C-peptide and gestational age at sampling (r = 0.53, P less than or equal to 0.000001). Multiple regression analysis also demonstrated that glucose (P less than or equal to 0.0051) and lactate (P less than or equal to 0.0003) also affected the concentration of C-peptide. We were unable to find any relation between C-peptide concentrations and blood gas variables. We conclude that fetal insulin secretion, measured as C-peptide concentration in fetal blood, is not affected by hypoxia from anemia as long as hemoglobin concentration remains within the range 2.1-14.8 g/dl).
 ...
PMID:Is fetal insulin secretion affected by fetal hypoxia? 212 30

In five hemodialyzed patients the influence of erythropoietin (EPO) treatment for 3 months on function of the pituitary-adrenal feedback and STH secretion was studied. Results were compared with those obtained in 6 hemodialyzed patients (No-EPO group) showing a comparable Hb concentration and Hct value as patients in the EPO group post-treatment and in 15 healthy subjects. EPO treatment was followed by a significant (ACTH and STH) or moderate (cortisol) suppression of basal plasma levels of ACTH, STH and cortisol respectively, and by a significant reduction of the response of plasma concentrations of these hormones to insulin-induced hypoglycemia. As the response of plasma levels of ACTH, STH and cortisol respectively in patients of the EPO group post-treatment differed markedly from that of the No-EPO group with similar Hb and Hct values, it seems that the EPO-induced endocrine alterations are not, at least not exclusively, a consequence of the improvement of anemia. Results presented in this study suggest that EPO treatment influences directly or indirectly the function of endocrine organs.
 ...
PMID:Influence of erythropoietin treatment on function of the pituitary-adrenal axis and somatotropin secretion in hemodialyzed patients. 216 62

In a 106-wk toxicity and carcinogenicity study, groups of 60 male and 60 female weanling Wistar rats were fed 0, 0.5, or 50 mg bis(tri-n-butyltin)oxide (TBTO)/kg diet. In males, feed consumption was increased in all treated groups and increased water consumption occurred at 5 and 50 mg/kg. During the second year, body weight decreased in the 50-mg/kg males, while the females in that group showed no weight gain. Excess mortality was confined to the 50-mg/kg group towards the end of the study. Haematological changes, comprising anaemia, lymphocytopenia and thrombocytosis were noted mainly at the high-dose level. Also, signs of decreased kidney function and increased plasma enzyme activities (alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase) were noted. No effects on serum hormone concentrations (thyrotropin, follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone or insulin) were observed, except for a decrease in the free thyroxin:thyroxin ratio in both sexes at the high-dose level. Higher serum IgM and IgA levels were present at 50 mg/kg, while, in females, IgG was decreased. At 50 mg/kg, the ovaries, adrenals, spleen (females), heart (males), pituitary, liver and kidneys were increased in weight, but the thyroid weight was decreased in females. The total tin concentrations in liver and kidneys showed a dose relationship and, in general, the concentrations were similar after 1 and 2 yr. Non-neoplastic histological alterations after 1 yr consisted of a decrease in the cell height of the thyroid follicles in all dose groups, with a reduced number of psammoma bodies at 50 mg/kg, a decrease in splenic iron content at 5 (females only) and 50 mg/kg, and a slight bile-duct activation. After 2 yr, only the thyroid changes were still present. In addition, at 2 yr, vacuolation and pigmentation of the proximal tubular epithelium and nephrosis were enhanced at 50 mg/kg. The incidence of benign tumours of the pituitary was significantly elevated and enhanced at 0.5 and 50 mg/kg. At 50 mg/kg increases in pheochromocytomas in the adrenal medulla and in parathyroid adenomas (males) were noted, while adrenal cortical tumours were decreased (males). There was a low, non-dose-related incidence of pancreatic carcinoma. Other tumour rates were in line with control data. It is concluded that lifetime feeding of 50 mg TBTO/kg diet induces toxicity in various organ systems. An increase in some common tumours was found at the high dose, probably due to hormonal or immunological changes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Chronic toxicity and carcinogenicity of bis(tri-n-butyltin)oxide (TBTO) in the rat. 234 92

Two children with the DIDMOAD syndrome (diabetes insipidus, diabetes mellitus, optic atrophy, deafness) developed a megaloblastic and sideroblastic anemia, neutropenia, and borderline thrombocytopenia. Plasma thiamine concentration was low in one patient and normal in the other; in both children, thiamine pyrophosphate in erythrocytes and thiamine pyrophosphokinase activity were lower than the lowest values observed in control subjects. A month after institution of treatment with thiamine, the hematologic findings had returned to normal and the insulin requirements had decreased. Withdrawal of thiamine repeatedly induced relapse of the anemia and an increase in insulin requirements. We propose that an inherited abnormality of thiamine metabolism is responsible for the multisystem degenerative disorder known as DIDMOAD syndrome.
 ...
PMID:Thiamine-responsive anemia in DIDMOAD syndrome. 280 20

Data presented in this study suggest existence of hyperendorphinism in uraemic patients. This hyperendorphinism may be regarded both as a primary beneficial compensatory mechanism counteracting disturbances of the internal environment, while causing secondary harmful side effects, which contribute to the uraemic state. Erythropoietin treatment of uraemic, haemodialyzed patients is followed by marked endocrine alterations (suppression of plasma levels of STH, ACTH, prolactin, glucagon, aldosterone, cortisol and plasma renin activity, elevation of plasma insulin and atrial natriuretic levels, lack of influence on plasma PTH, CT and AVP). It remains to be clarified whether the erythropoietin induced endocrine alterations are due to correction of the existing anaemia or reflect a specific effect of this hormone.
 ...
PMID:Endocrine abnormalities in patients with endstage renal failure. 256 Mar 46

We describe 3 patients affected by Pearson's syndrome, presenting anemia, exocrine pancreas failure, and skeletal abnormalities; insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus arose in two cases during the course of the disease. Bone marrow dysplasia and exocrine pancreas failure are also reported in Shwachman's syndrome; the two forms differ in bone marrow morphology. The clinical pattern of Pearson's syndrome can be so polymorphic as to increase the difficulties of differential diagnosis with Shwachman's syndrome.
 ...
PMID:New clinical aspects of Pearson's syndrome. Report of three cases. 262 42

Specific nutritional benefits of regular exercise include the control of obesity and its complications, the improvement of blood lipid profile, the optimization of micro-nutrient intake and the assurance of a maximum quality-adjusted life-expectancy. While epidemiologists interpret various weight for height ratios in terms of obesity, such data can be misleading, particularly in older people (where an accumulation of fat is masked by lean tissue loss). Skinfold calipers provide a more unequivocal index of the amount and distribution of subcutaneous fat. Arguments against the treatment of obesity by exercise include the large energy yield of fat, the potential for compensating changes of resting metabolism, and an inherently high "set-point" of fat stores in the obese. Exercise cannot achieve rapid fat loss, but it has several advantages over other types of treatment, including the positive nature of the prescription, the associated elevation of mood and suppression of appetite, the conservation of lean tissue, and the establishment of an improved lifestyle. Moreover, blood pressure is reduced, insulin needs are decreased in the diabetic, and favourable changes of lipid profile are observed. Total cholesterol levels are not affected by exercise if body mass is held constant, but (provided a weekly threshold of exercise is exceeded) there is an increase of HDL cholesterol, particularly HDL-2 cholesterol. The intake of vitamins and most other micronutrients is increased by a high daily energy expenditure. Frank anaemia is not common in athletes, but a low iron saturation may be an indication for dietary supplements.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Nutritional benefits of exercise. 267

Besides anemia, coagulopathies, and hypertension, electrolyte disturbances are among the most significant features of end-stage renal disease. Although plasma potassium represents only 1.5%-2% of the whole-body content, hyperkalemia has definite effects on cardiac pacemaker cells and myocardial conduction. The typical ECG findings and therapeutic management will be discussed. Case report. A 64-year-old man with chronic renal failure due to phenacetin abuse was scheduled for transplantation of a 41-h-old cadaver kidney. The preoperative laboratory check revealed BUN 51 mg% and creatinine 11.5 mg%; serum sodium and potassium were within normal limits (sodium 141 mmol/l, potassium 5.11 mmol/l). A central-venous blood gas sample after induction of anesthesia and intubation revealed pH of 7.32, pCO2 43 mmHg, HCO3 22.1 mmol/l, base excess - 3.4 mmol/l, and venous oxygen saturation 84%. Plasma potassium (5.22 mmol/l) was within the normal range. As an endarterectomy of the left common and external iliac arteries had to be performed, the arterial cross-clamping time was longer than normal (73 min). After declamping an ECG pattern (modified V5 lead) typical of hyperkalemia (atrial arrest, idioventricular rhythm, right bundle-branch block-like QRS, AV dissociation, AV block I) was observed. Plasma potassium had increased to 6.77 mmol/l (+1.55 mmol/l). Immediate treatment was started with a bolus injection of 20 ml 10% calcium gluconate, rapid infusion of 200 ml 8.4% sodium bicarbonate, and glucose-insulin infusion (glucose 33 1/3%, 15 U regular insulin). After 25 min sinus rhythm was restored and potassium levels decreased to normal. Despite the observed ECG changes the cardiovascular status remained stable.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:[Atrial arrest and intraventricular conduction disorders due to accidental hyperkalemia during kidney transplantation]. 267 72

Iron-chelating treatment is indicated in all children on prolonged transfusion therapy (i.e., chiefly patients with thalassemia and Blackfan-Diamond anemia). The purpose of iron-chelating treatment is to prevent the development of manifestations of iron overload including cardiac hemosiderosis and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (which are two potentially fatal complications), hepatic cirrhosis, hypoparathyroidism, hypothyroidism, and delayed puberty. Deferoxamine is the only effective iron-chelating agent and should be given in a daily dose of 40 mg/kg at initiation of the transfusion program. Administration is by subcutaneous infusions from 8 to 10 hours per day. The goal of iron-chelating treatment is to maintain serum ferritin levels between 500 and 1,000 ng/ml. This long-term treatment is a significant burden for patients and it can be hoped that non-toxic iron-chelating agents, active by mouth, will become available.
 ...
PMID:[Iron chelation in children]. 268 51

There is considerable variation among bitches in commonly encountered intervals between cycles (5-12 months), durations of anoestrus (1-8 months), durations of follicular phase pro-oestrus (3-21 days) and periovulatory oestrous behavior (3-21 days), intervals from preovulatory LH surge to oestrus onset (-2 to 5 days), and intervals from fertile mating to parturition (57-68 days). The extent of variation within bitches ranges from slight to great. However, there appears to be very little variation in the intervals from LH surge to ovulation (2 days), to post-ovulatory oocyte maturation (approximately 4 days), to implantation (approximately 18 days), to selected developmental stages of pregnancy, or to parturition (64-66 days). There are no tests diagnostic of early pregnancy. The onset times of persistent pregnancy-specific changes have been estimated, including radio-opaque fetal details (Day 46), elevated blood prolactin values (Day 35), elevated blood relaxin values (Day 25), echogenic heart beats (Day 24) and embryonic vesicles (Day 19), and potentially palpable uterine enlargements (Day 21). As in humans, there is an anaemia of pregnancy involving a 30% reduction in haematocrit and an increased incidence of insulin resistance during the second half of gestation. Ovarian progesterone is required throughout pregnancy. LH and prolactin are luteotrophic in the pregnant bitch as well as during the 2-month luteal phase of the non-pregnant bitch. Parturition follows a luteolysis which occurs during an increase in prostaglandin F-2 alpha that begins 36 h pre partum. Factors regulating the duration of anoestrus are not known but termination of anoestrus is associated with increased pulsatile secretion of LH.
 ...
PMID:Biology and endocrinology of ovulation, pregnancy and parturition in the dog. 269 40


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>