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Query: UMLS:C0002871 (anemia)
 52,094 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Gastric cancer continues to be the second cause of cancer-related mortality in the world. Surgery is the only potentially curative therapy, although the adverse effects of surgery are considerable and include digestive symptoms, loss of appetite and malnutrition. Our study included 45 patients subjected to gastrectomy who were under treatment at our unit during 2000. The data given here refer to their first visit following surgery. The most frequent complications were diarrhoea (31%), pain (29%) and early dumping (24%). Other complications found were late dumping, nausea/vomiting and dysphagia. Anorexia appeared in 49% and 29% presented a negative attitude towards food. These complications give rise to insufficient food intake, leading to malnutrition, mainly marasmic in nature. Only 7% of the patients were normonourished, with 86% presenting slight or moderate malnutrition and 7% severe malnutrition. The mean Body Mass Index (BMI) of these patients was 20 +/- 3 kg/m2. The most frequent analytical alterations were anaemia with ferropenia and b12 deficit, and a reduction in the levels of zinc and retinol transporting protein. Many patients had impaired quality of life; 43% did not leave home and only 13% were able to work. Three groups were established depending on the time that had passed since the gastrectomy was performed before the first nutritional assessment (less than 3 months, from three months to a year, and over one year), without significant differences being found in any of the parameters studied. In this article we include recommendations for the nutritional handling and treatment of patients following gastrectomy.
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PMID:[Nutritional evaluation in patients with total gastrectomy]. 1242 99

A clinic-based cohort study in Kampala, Uganda, was conducted to examine the relationship between severe malarial anaemia and plasma micronutrients. Plasma carotenoids, retinol, vitamin E, and four trace metal concentrations were measured at enrollment and seven days later in 273 children, aged 1-10 year(s), with acute, uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Concentrations of plasma provitamin A carotenoids (p < 0.0001), non-provitamin A carotenoids (p < 0.0001), retinol (p < 0.0001), all four trace elements (all p < 0.001), and vitamin E (p < 0.0001) rose significantly by day 7 among children without severe anaemia (haemoglobin 70 g/L). There was no change in provitamin A carotenoids (p = 0.24) among children with severe anaemia (haemoglobin <70 g/L), whereas non-provitaminAcarotenoids (p < 0.0001), retinol (p < 0.0001), and vitamin E (p = 0.011) increased. These observations also support the hypothesis that the use of provitamin A carotenoids increases during malaria infection.
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PMID:Relationship between carotenoids and anaemia during acute uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in children. 1243 Jul 56

Iron and vitamin A deficiency are common nutritional problems in developing countries. From animal experiments and intervention studies, growing evidence is pointing to a possible influence of iron on vitamin A metabolism. We assessed the affects of an oral supplementation of vitamin A and/or iron on the recovery of rats from vitamin A and iron deficiency. Weanling male Wistar rats were kept for four weeks on an iron and vitamin A deficient diet. Thereafter, rats were repleted with iron 35 mg/kg feed, with vitamin A 4500 IU/kg feed both, or with iron 35 mg/kg and vitamin A 4500 IU/kg for five weeks. Retinol and retinyl esters in plasma and tissues were determined by HPLC. Iron was determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The determination of haematological parameters showed that rats developed an anaemia during depletion. This was reversed by the re-supplementation with iron but not vitamin A alone. The simultaneous supplementation of vitamin A was of no additional benefit. When rats were re-supplemented with iron alone a substantial further decrease in plasma retinol (P < 0.002) and liver vitamin A (P < 0.05) was observed. A similar but less pronounced decrease in plasma retinol was observed in the rats re-supplemented with vitamin A alone, despite a substantial increase in liver vitamin A (P < 0.002). Despite lower liver vitamin A levels compared to the group re-supplemented with vitamin A alone, the group re-supplemented with iron and vitamin A had substantial higher plasma levels compared to the one supplemented with iron alone (P < 0.002). In conclusion, the study supports an interaction of iron and vitamin A on the level of retinol transport in plasma. Despite a comparable availability of vitamin A as indicated by the comparable liver levels only the re-supplementation of both iron and vitamin A can normalize the retinol level in plasma. This might be of nutritional consequence in developing countries with regard to the supplementation regime of both nutrients iron and vitamin A to prevent a functional deficiency of vitamin A despite sufficient dietary availability.
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PMID:Effect of iron and/or vitamin A re-supplementation on vitamin A and iron status of rats after a dietary deficiency of both components. 1243 54

The objective of this study was to determine whether the addition of iron and vitamin A (VA) to corn flour, supplied through a national enrichment program since 1993, allows preschoolers to achieve an adequate intake of these nutrients. Data from the assessment of 196 children (4-6 year old) from Valencia, Venezuela is presented, including socio-demographic, anthropometric, anemia, VA deficiency (by conjunctival impression cytology (CIC) and serum retinol), and food intake. 92% of the children lived in poverty. 12% were below the norm for weight-for-height. 13% had anemia, 9% had VA deficiency according to CIC, and 0.5% according to serum retinol (< 0.70 mumol/L), 30% were at risk of VA deficiency (0.70-1.05 mmol/L). 17%, 37%, and 5% of the sample had an insufficient intake (< 80% of RDA) of energy, iron, and VA, respectively. When excluding from the analysis the amount of iron and VA from corn flour enrichment, an additional 38% and 10% of the sample showed deficient intakes of each nutrient, respectively. According to the weight-for-height indicator, iron intake was significantly lower in undernourished children (p < 0.05) than in those normal or above the norm; this was not so for VA. It is concluded that iron enrichment contributes to the improvement of the intake of this nutrient but is not enough to provide an adequate amount of it; and that the addition of VA does not seem to have an important effect on the diet of this age group.
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PMID:[Pre-cooked corn flour intake and its contribution of iron and vitamin A in low income preschoolers]. 1244 42

Maternal malnutrition continues to be a major contributor to adverse reproductive outcomes in developing countries, despite longstanding efforts to fortify foods or to distribute medicinal supplements to pregnant women. The objective of this study was to test the effect of a micronutrient-fortified beverage containing 11 micronutrients (iron, iodine, zinc, vitamin A, vitamin C, niacin, riboflavin, folate, vitamin B-12, vitamin B-6 and vitamin E) on the hemoglobin, iron and vitamin A status of pregnant women in Tanzania. A group of 259 pregnant women with gestational ages of 8 to 34 wk were enrolled in a randomized double-blind controlled trial in which study women received 8 wk of supplementation. Hemoglobin, ferritin and dried blood spot retinol were measured at baseline and at the end of the supplementation period. The supplement resulted in a 4.16 g/L increase in hemoglobin concentration and a 3 micro g/L increase in ferritin and reduced the risk of anemia and iron deficiency anemia by 51 and 56%, respectively. The risk of iron deficiency was reduced by 70% among those who had iron deficiency at baseline and by 92% among those who had adequate stores. The micronutrient-fortified beverage may be a useful and convenient preventative measure, one that could help improve the nutritional status of women both before and during pregnancy and thereby help avoid some of the potential maternal and fetal consequences of micronutrient deficiencies.
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PMID:A micronutrient-fortified beverage prevents iron deficiency, reduces anemia and improves the hemoglobin concentration of pregnant Tanzanian women. 1273 Apr 20

This overview assesses the effectiveness of nutritional interventions to prevent or treat maternal morbidity, mortality and preterm delivery. Cochrane systematic reviews and other up-to-date systematic reviews and individual randomized controlled trials were sought. Searches were carried out up to July 2002. Iron and folate supplements reduce anemia and should be included in antenatal care programs. Calcium supplementation to women at high risk of hypertension during pregnancy or low calcium intake reduced the incidence of both preeclampsia and hypertension. Fish oil and vitamins E and C are promising for preventing preeclampsia and preterm delivery and need further testing. Vitamin A and beta-carotene reduced maternal mortality in a large trial; ongoing trials should provide further evaluation. No specific nutrient supplementation was identified for reducing preterm delivery. Nutritional advice, magnesium, fish oil and zinc supplementation appear promising and should be tested alone or together in methodologically sound randomized controlled trials. Anema in pregnancy can be prevented and treated effectively. Considering the multifactorial etiology of the other conditions evaluated, it is unlikely that any specific nutrient on its own, blanket interventions or magic bullets will prevent or treat preeclampsia, hemorrhage, obstructed labor, infections, preterm delivery or death during pregnancy. The few promising interventions for specific outcomes should be tested or reconsidered when results of ongoing trials become available. Until then, women and their families should receive support to improve their diets as a general health rule, which is a basic human right.
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PMID:Nutritional interventions during pregnancy for the prevention or treatment of maternal morbidity and preterm delivery: an overview of randomized controlled trials. 1273 Apr 75

This review summarises current knowledge of the ill-effects of soil-transmitted helminthiasis and takes a detailed look at studies that have been published over the past decade describing the effect of mass anthelminthic use on the health of endemic communities. Mass chemotherapy appears to give maximal returns in terms of improved health in areas where hookworm is a major problem and albendazole is used regularly, along with iron supplements; in children it improves physical growth and iron stores, and in pregnant women it reduces the prevalence of iron-deficiency anaemia. In areas where ascariasis is common, the directly attributable benefits of chemotherapy may be minimal, but it can facilitate the entry of other health care programmes in children, because deworming for ascariasis is often much desired and appreciated by the community. In areas with Vitamin A deficiency and endemic ascariasis, Vitamin A supplementation can be combined with deworming: anthelminthics do not impair Vitamin A absorption but the worms may interfere with Vitamin A uptake by reducing fat absorption. Where trichuriasis is a major problem, single dose chemotherapy may take some time to reduce prevalence, but reduction of heavy infections will reduce the incidence of Trichuris Dysentery Syndrome, probably benefit the learning abilities of affected schoolchildren, and may reduce anaemia and stunting. In general, children should be treated as early as possible, and in areas of very high prevalence, thrice-yearly mass chemotherapy probably improves health better than twice-yearly treatment.
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PMID:Impact of mass chemotherapy on the morbidity due to soil-transmitted nematodes. 1274 37

Dietary habits, especially micronutrient intake, and nutritional status of Vietnamese primary school girls were investigated in a cross-sectional survey. We interviewed 284 girls aged 7 to 9 years old, randomly selected from three rural (N=148) and two urban (N=136) primary schools. Dietary data were calculated from the results of 24-h recall interviews over three consecutive days. The dietary micronutrient pattern of the rural group showed deficiency of iron, calcium, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, beta-carotene, vitamin A and vitamin C. On the contrary, adequate consumption of these elements, except low beta-carotene, was observed in the urban group. Despite a low prevalence of anaemia, the prevalence of rural children with iron deficiency was close to the level regarded as being a public health problem. In contrast, 7.7% of urban children were found to have excessive iron status. Children with exhausted retinol stores (7.1%) requiring immediate retinol supplementation were only found in the rural group. Furthermore, the prevalence of children with marginal retinol stores in both the rural (35.7%) and urban (21.4%) groups was above the level of being a public health problem (20%). In both groups, more than 50% and 20% of children showed beta-carotene and tocopherol levels in the range of severe deficiency, respectively. Thus, nutritional education to improve the dietary habits of the two groups is necessary for Vietnamese primary school children.
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PMID:Micronutrient status of primary school girls in rural and urban areas of South Vietnam. 1281 Apr 8

This double-blinded, randomized, controlled study was designed to study the effect of dietary supplementation with red palm oil during pregnancy on maternal and neonatal vitamin A status. A total of 170 women were recruited at 16 to 24 weeks of gestation and randomly assigned to an experimental group that received red palm oil to supply approximately one recommended dietary amount (RDA) (2,400 micrograms) of beta-carotene or to a control group that received an equivalent volume of groundnut oil. The women received the oils for a period of 8 weeks, starting at 26 to 28 weeks of gestation and extending to 34 to 36 weeks of gestation. The mean postintervention (34 to 36 weeks) levels of serum retinol were 1.20 +/- 0.22 (SD) mumol/L (95% CI, 1.15-1.25) in women receiving red palm oil and 0.73 +/- 0.15 mumol/L (95% CI, 0.69-0.77) in their infants; these levels were significantly higher than those in women receiving groundnut oil (1.07 +/- 0.26 mumol/L; 95% CI, 1.01-1.13; p < .01) and their infants (0.62 +/- 0.17 mumol/L; 95% CI, 0.57-0.67; p < .001). A significantly lower proportion of women in the red palm oil group than in the control group had vitamin A deficiency (serum retinol levels < 0.7 mumol/L) after intervention (1.5% vs. 9.7%). The proportion of women having anemia was significantly lower (p < .01) in the red palm oil-supplemented group (80.6%) than in the control group (96.7%). The mean birthweight and gestational age of the infants did not differ significantly between the two groups. An increased risk of low birth-weight (p = .003) and preterm delivery (p = .000) was observed with decreasing serum retinol levels in the third trimester of pregnancy. These results show that red palm oil supplementation significantly improved maternal and neonatal vitamin A status and reduced the prevalence of maternal anemia. Maternal vitamin A status in the later part of pregnancy is significantly associated with fetal growth and maturation. Hence red palm oil, a rich source of bioavailable vitamin A, could be used as a diet-based approach for improving vitamin A status in pregnancy.
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PMID:Red palm oil supplementation: a feasible diet-based approach to improve the vitamin A status of pregnant women and their infants. 1289 25

To determine the prevalence of anemia, and iron (ID) and vitamin A deficiencies aiming at their prevention, 414 children between 6 and 24 months of age, were randomly selected from the whole province of Chaco. A sociodemographic survey was implemented, and hemoglobin (Hb), plasma ferritin and retinol were measured. Anemia prevalence (Hb < 110 g/L) was 66.4%, without differences between age groups, and included 18% with Hb < 90 g/L. These cases were significantly less in children 6-8 month of age (5.1%) than in the others (approximately equal to 20%) (P: 0.007). Mean Hb was also higher in 6-8 months old children and was associated with lower prevalence of ID (ferritin < 12 micrograms/L) (p < 0.000) but not with age (p = 0.8865). ID already present, however, in 36.6% of children in this age group, reached a prevalence of 72.9% in children older than 18 months. Anemia prevalence was significantly higher in males, in children whose birth weight was < 3000 g, in those who had never taken iron supplements and among the poor, both structural and by income. Retinol values < 20 micrograms/dl occurred only in 5.1% of children. Iron nutrition prior to, during pregnancy and in children during the first 2 years of life must be improved by joining strategies based on community empowerment aimed at improving dietary iron, assuring effective preventive supplementation and promoting the opportune umbilical cord ligation.
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PMID:[Iron and vitamin A deficiencies and prevalence of anemia in boys and girls between 6 to 24 months of age in Chaco, Argentina]. 1294 67


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