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Query: UMLS:C0002871 (anemia)
 52,094 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Anemia occurs in more than 30% of patients with epithelial ovarian cancer before any surgery. High levels of proinflammatory cytokines and increased oxidative stress may contribute to the development of cancer-related anemia. We assessed a population of previously untreated patients with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer to evaluate whether there was a correlation between hemoglobin (Hb) and parameters of inflammation and oxidative stress, stage of disease, and performance status (PS). In 91 patients with epithelial ovarian cancer and 95 healthy women matched for age, weight, and height, levels of Hb, C-reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen (Fbg), proinflammatory cytokines, leptin, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and antioxidant enzymes were assessed at diagnosis before treatment. The correlations between Hb, parameters of inflammation and oxidative stress, stage, and PS were evaluated. Hb levels were lower in patients with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer than in control subjects and inversely related to stage and PS. Hb negatively correlated with CRP, Fbg, interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta), IL-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha), and ROS, and positively correlated with leptin and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). Multivariate regression analysis showed that stage and IL-6 were independent factors determining Hb values. This evidence suggests that anemia in epithelial ovarian cancer is common and its presence is related to stage of disease and markers of inflammation.
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PMID:Hemoglobin levels correlate with interleukin-6 levels in patients with advanced untreated epithelial ovarian cancer: role of inflammation in cancer-related anemia. 1577 16

Haematological and biochemical features of sixteen cases of post-parturient haemoglobinuria (PPH) from 15 farms in the Waikato and Bay of Plenty regions are described. Characteristically there was a marked regenerative anaemia as well as spherocytosis and haemoglobinaemia. Heinz body formation occurred in 140% of erythrocytes depending on the case. Nine of 11 cases examined had subnormal serum inorganic phosphorus concentrations. On two of eight farms there was widespread anaemia in clinically healthy herd mates and in one of these the anaemia was associated with large numbers of Heinz bodies. Hypophosphataemia was widespread in four of ten herds and individual cows were hypophosphataemic in all ten. Six of eight herds had a low selenium status as determined by glutathione peroxidase activity in whole blood. Hypocupraemia and hypomagnesaemia were not consistent findings. It is concluded that there are two distinct entities of PPH in the region. On one farm the disease was typical of that seen in Northland, New Zealand. The clinical case was a young cow and there was widespread subclinical Heinz body anaemia in herd mates. All but one of the cows sampled in that herd had normal serum inorganic phosphorus levels. On most other farms PPH closely resembled that described from North America. Affected cases were miltiparous, high producing and had low serum inorganic phosphorus levels. The possible pathogenesis of these two entities is discussed.
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PMID:Bovine post-parturient haemoglobinuria: two distinct entities in New Zealand. 1603 Dec 10

The erythrocytes of patients suffering from chronic renal failure (CRF) are exposed to an increased activity of free radicals. These compounds are generated by uremic toxins and hemodialysis itself. They cause the peroxidation of lipids and proteins in red blood cell membrane. It leads to a decrease of erythrocytes' stability and a lower resistance to hemolysis. The advanced oxidation protein products and advanced glycation end products (AOPP and AGE) also contribute to these changes. The described processes deepen the anemia in CRF and make difficulties in its treatment. In addition, the quoted references present a lot of disturbances in activities of the enzymes and metabolic pathways, which provide antioxidant reactions. This group consists of: superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GSSG-R) end the enzymes of the pentose-phosphate shunt (PPS). The intensity of changes is according to the stage of the disease and the efficiency of treatment. Its most appropriate form is renal transplantation.
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PMID:[Oxidative stress as a reason of treatment difficulties in chronic renal failure]. 1649 15

Since the discovery of hydrogen peroxide in 1819 it was known as a toxic agent for human organs. Due to the recent findings its role should be reevaluated. This review discusses the toxic and physiological roles of hydrogen peroxide and functions of enzyme catalase which is the main regulator of hydrogen peroxide metabolism. The concentration of hydrogen peroxide changes between 0,05 micromol/l and 117 micromol/l in exhaled breath condensate and in human fluids. Hydrogen peroxide is generated by physiological processes such as glycation, phagocytosis, cell metabolism and by pathological changes such as different tumors and side effects of some drugs. The main regulator of toxic concentration of hydrogen peroxide is the enzyme catalase while glutathione peroxidase and hemoglobin has a limited role in this process. Low concentration of hydrogen peroxide plays a role in degradation of some proteins, as a messenger in cell signaling and could contribute to apoptosis. The enzyme catalase, due to its structure and function, is very effective in destroying the toxic concentration of hydrogen peroxide without changing its low, physiologic concentration. Decrease in catalase due to anemia, decreased synthesis and especially to its inherited deficiency may be a risk factor in diabetes, cell damage due to ischemia, in uricase and ascorbic acid treatment as well as in sterilization with hydrogen peroxide. The hydrogen peroxide paradox means that its low concentration is vital for some physiological processes while its high concentration is toxic for human cells. The main regulator of hydrogen peroxide concentration is the enzyme catalase and its deficiency may be a risk factor for some pathological changes.
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PMID:[The hydrogen peroxide paradox]. 1678 44

Anemia is one of the main complications seen in patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD) treated with hemodialysis. We hypothesized that oxidative stress and decrease of antioxidant defense enzyme activity may be major causes underlying functional insufficiency of erythrocytes. Blood samples of 16 patients with ESRD undergoing hemodialysis were investigated. All patients received Recormon for treatment of anemia. In spite of effective hemodialysis procedures cleared patient blood the erythrocyte activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GP) were lower than in healthy controls and hemodialysis procedure insignificantly influenced enzyme activities. After 6 months repeated study of the erythrocyte enzymes revealed further decrease of SOD and GP activities.
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PMID:[Diagnostic and prognostic value of antioxidant enzyme assay in erythrocytes of patients with end stage renal disease treated with hemodialysis]. 1680 95

Free radicals and associated oxidative stress induced by alloxan are implicated in eliciting pathological changes in diabetes mellitus. Terminalia arjuna bark, an indigenous plant used in ayurvedic medicine in India, primarily as a cardiotonic is also used in treating diabetes, anemia, tumors and hypertension. The present study examined the effect of ethanolic extract (250 and 500 mg/kg body weight) of Terminalia arjuna stem bark in alloxan induced diabetic rats and its lipid peroxidation, enzymatic and nonenzymatic activity was investigated in the liver and kidney tissues. The extract produced significant (P<0.05) reduction in lipid peroxidation (LPO). The effect of oral T. arjuna at the dose of 500 mg/kg body weight was more than the 250 mg/kg body weight. The extract also causes a significant (P<0.05) increase in superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-s-transferase glutathione reductase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, reduced glutathione, vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E, total sulfhydryl groups (TSH) and non protein sulfhydryl groups (NPSH) in liver and kidney of alloxan induced diabetic rats, which clearly shows, the antioxidant property of T. arjuna bark. The result indicates that the extract exhibit the antioxidant activity through correction of oxidative stress and validates the traditional use of this plant in diabetic animals.
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PMID:Effect of Terminalia arjuna stem bark on antioxidant status in liver and kidney of alloxan diabetic rats. 1705 32

The antioxidant status of rats experimentally infected with Trypanosoma evansi isolated from a camel was studied using established parasitological, haematological and biochemical methods. The results indicated that infections in all rats resulted in a fulminating parasitaemia. Changes in blood parameters in T. evansi-infected rats indicated leukocytosis and a macrocytic hypochromic anaemia. A degree of anisocytosis was also observed. The activities of plasma glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and glutathione peroxidase in whole blood of infected rats were significantly higher (p<0.05 and p<0.001, respectively) compared with control. No statistically significant difference was observed in the activity of superoxide dismutase in infected and control rats. Results obtained indicated that trypanosomosis caused oxidative stress and induced antioxidant enzymes.
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PMID:Study on the antioxidant status of rats experimentally infected with Trypanosoma evansi. 1716 91

The progression of the neoplastic disease is characterized by specific alterations of energy metabolism and by symptoms like fatigue, anorexia, nausea, anaemia, immunodepression and poor performance status (PS). The main cause of these symptoms and metabolic abnormalities is the chronic action of proinflammatory cytokines released both by tumour and immune cells. The present study aimed to assess the relationship between markers of inflammation (C-Reactive Protein, Fibrinogen, proinflammatory cytokines) and energy metabolic status (BMI, leptin, oxidative stress) according to clinical parameters in 104 ovarian cancer patients at different stage and, moreover, to evaluate prospectively the changes of these parameters in accordance to tumour response in a subgroup of 70 advanced stage ovarian cancer patients. Advanced stage and poor PS were associated to high-grade inflammation and impaired energy metabolism. Among inflammatory mediators, interleukin (IL)-6 had a central role as predictive factor of leptin, reactive oxygen species and glutathione peroxidase. In turn, leptin considered the key marker of the nutritional status and energy metabolism, was independently determined from stage and IL-6, not only from BMI. Moreover, the evaluation of the changes of these parameters during the course of the neoplastic disease in the subgroup of advanced ovarian cancer patients clearly unveils the central role of IL-6 and leptin as early markers of the metabolic alterations and symptoms associated to disease progression in advanced stage ovarian cancer. Their assessment should be included in monitoring disease outcome, especially when cancer is no longer curable and quality of life becomes the primary endpoint.
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PMID:Interleukin-6 and leptin as markers of energy metabolic changes in advanced ovarian cancer patients. 1862 49

The puffer fish Lagocephalus lagocephalus represents serious public health problems in the world. The relative toxicity of each organ (liver and flesh) was determined by the relation dose-death time "mouse bioassay." The average liver toxicity of the puffer fish was the highest when compared with flesh giving 14.32 and 10.88 MU/g, respectively. A mouse unit is the amount of toxin (extract of fish organ) that kills a 20 g male mouse in 30 min after intraperitoneal injection. One mouse unit is equivalent to 0.22 microg of TTX. For the rat bioassay tests, Wistar rats were daily i.p. injected, for 10 d, with extracts of liver (LT) or flesh (FT) (muscles + skin) of L. lagocephalus. Control rats received injection of NaCl (0.9%). During the experiment, a significant reduction in red blood cell number (RBC), hemoglobin (HGB) concentration, and hematocrit (HCT) was observed essentially after 10 d of treatment in the FT and LT-exposed groups. Consequently, treatment led to severe anemia and hemolytic action as indicated by a significant reduction in the total number of erythrocytes. In fact, our study revealed a significant increase in erythrocyte lipid peroxidation (LPO) in FT and LT groups compared with controls after experimental exposure. The flesh and liver tissue extracts also altered antioxidative enzymes activities: catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px). Histopathological alterations in the spleen occurred exclusively at the end of treatment. We marked also an increase in reticulo-endothelial cells, which led to remove damaged erythrocytes.
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PMID:Hematological toxicity associated with tissue extract from poisonous fish Lagocephalus lagocephalus--influence on erythrocyte function in Wistar rats. 1880 10

The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of a new iron tonic (squid ink melanin-Fe [SM-Fe]) on remission of iron deficiency anemia (IDA) using a rat model of IDA. The rat IDA model was established with low-iron diet feeding and caudal vein blooding. Then different dosages of SM-Fe were given to the rats once a day by intragastric administration, with FeSO4 and FeCl3 as positive control. The content of Hemoglobin (Hb), red blood cell (RBC), hematocrit (HCT), and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) were analyzed in addition to the contents of serum iron (SI) and intracellular free erythrocyte protoporphyrin (FEP). The content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in serum was also measured. The results showed that anemia caused by iron deficiency was established as a consequence of the low-iron diets. SM-Fe showed an effective restoration action by returning Hb, RBC, HCT, MCV, SI, and FEP in IDA animals to normal values. An antioxidant effect was also observed that reduced MDA level, enhanced the activities of SOD and GSH-Px in serum, and protected erythrocytes from the injury of reactive oxygen species as a consequence of SM-Fe intake. In comparison with FeSO4 and FeCl3, higher bioavailability of iron and fewer side effects were also observed. In conclusion, SM-Fe remitted iron deficiency anemia symptoms significantly, suggesting that SM-Fe might contribute to improving hemopoietic function in IDA rats and might be exploited as a safe, efficient new iron tonic.
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PMID:Effect of squid ink melanin-Fe on iron deficiency anemia remission. 1901 17


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