Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0002871 (anemia)
 52,094 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

IgG subclasses (G-sub) of warm red cell autoantibodies (anti-Rs) were examined by means of antiglobulin test (DAT) using anti-IgG1, 2, 3, and IgG4 sera (Holland Red Cross) on 12 AIHA, and on 5 cases being DAT positive caused by alpha-methyldopa (alpha MD). In 4 of 5 AIHA cases complicating SLE, the anti-Rs comprised not only IgG, but also IgA, IgM and C3; their G-sub were IgG1 + 2 in 2 and IgG1 + 2 + 3 + 4 in the other 2. In all of the 3 cases with idiopathic AIHA, anti-Rs comprised IgG alone (IgG1 alone, IgG1 + 3 or IgG1 + 2 + 3 in each one). All of the 5 alpha MD induced anti-Rs comprised IgG1 alone. Observation of the course of AIHA revealed that, although IgG3 tended to correlate with their anemia, this trend was not universal. Besides, the G-sub were not related to the anti-Rs titers. Furthermore, the immunological aberrations in patients with AIHA + SLE were found to be more complicated.
 ...
PMID:[IgG subclasses of warm red cell autoantibodies in autoimmune hemolytic anemia]. 224 36

A case of HDN caused by anti-E antibody is reported. A group A, E-positive, hemoglobin E trait female infant was born from a group A, E-negative, beta-thalassemia/hemoglobin E mother. Hyperbilirubinemia was noted at the first day of life. The DAT was positive. Anti-E was detected in the maternal serum. Jaundice and anemia occurring to the baby were severe enough to require phototherapy intervention for 9 days and 50 ml of group A, E-negative packed red blood cells was transfused. The baby's condition improved. She was discharged at 12 days of age. Follow-up of the baby at 1 year old showed that she was alive and in good health.
 ...
PMID:Anti-E as a cause of hemolytic disease of the newborn. 934 37

We have examined IgG and complement factor C3d deposition on erythrocytes by means of the direct Coombs' test (DAT) and looked for an association with the anaemia seen in falciparum malaria in children living in an area of hyperendemic malaria transmission (in Ghana). In one study (in 1997), 53 out of 199 patients had a positive DAT. Of these, 45 samples reacted with anti-C3d antibodies, 2 with anti-IgG and 6 with both reagents. There were significantly lower haemoglobin (Hb)-levels and higher prevalence of spleen enlargement in DAT-positive than in DAT-negative patients. Hb-levels were independently associated with DAT and age. This initial study was designed to investigate the role of intravascular haemolysis (IVH), but we found no association between IVH and either DAT result or anaemia. Because of the risk of selection bias we repeated the study using consecutive enrollment of malaria patients and were able to confirm the results in a total of 49 DAT-positive and 183 DAT-negative patients. This second study (in 1998) was designed to look at the importance of erythrophagocytosis through measurement of plasma neopterin levels and total nitrite and nitrate as markers of NO-release. Both parameters were significantly higher in DAT-positive than in DAT-negative patients (P < 0.001), indicating that complement binding to erythrocytes was associated with macrophage activation. Plasma levels of haptoglobin, interleukin-10 and tumour necrosis factor-alpha did not vary between the groups. The studies support the role of complement activation and erythrophagocytosis in the pathogenesis of anaemia in falciparum malaria in African children.
 ...
PMID:Complement binding to erythrocytes is associated with macrophage activation and reduced haemoglobin in Plasmodium falciparum malaria. 1170 71

We report a case of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) M1 showing a 48,XY,+13,+13 karyotype. Treatment was according to the Medical Research Council AML14 trial protocol with two courses of DAT chemotherapy. Postchemotherapy bone marrow examination failed to show complete remission or cytogenetic normalization. Despite having resistant disease, the patient initially remained clinically well although requiring regular blood transfusions for anemia. However his leukocyte count gradually increased and he became symptomatic. He was treated subsequently with FLAG but died approximately 2 weeks later, 6 months after first presenting. Tetrasomy 13 as the sole cytogenetic abnormality has not been reported previously in M1 AML and has only been reported in three other AML cases, all with an immature phenotype and poor outcome.
 ...
PMID:Tetrasomy 13 as the sole cytogenetic abnormality in acute myeloid leukemia M1 without maturation. 1212 6

To evaluate the current use of the DAT in our hospital,we reviewed the charts of all patients who had a DAT performed in our laboratory. The collected data included DAT results and a previously completed laboratory evaluation of suspected hemolytic anemia. Four hundred sixty-three DATs were performed in our laboratory from April 1999 to October 2001. The DAT was negative in 434 (93.7%) cases and positive in 29 (6.3%) cases. A complete laboratory evaluation of suspected hemolytic anemia was seen in 179 (38.7%) cases. The incidence of a positive DAT was higher in the group of patients with > 2 signs of hemolysis (4/34 cases; 11.8%) than in the group of patients with </= 2 signs of hemolysis (5/145 cases; 3.4%) (RR = 0.029;95% CI:0.08-1.03; p = 0.06). When a patient with anemia is being investigated, a complete laboratory evaluation for suspected hemolytic anemia should be done before performing a DAT.
 ...
PMID:The direct antiglobulin test in a hospital setting. 1537 41

The DAT is a test used to demonstrate in vivo antibody and/or complement coating of RBCs. Typically, the DAT is performed in test tubes; however, recently a number of commercially available tests using gel-filled microtubes have become available. Few data comparing the sensitivity of these test media are available. To compare the rate of detection of a positive DAT performed in test tubes versus in gel-filled microtubes and to assess the clinical significance of the results in patients undergoing evaluation of anemia, we tested 310 consecutive EDTA-anticoagulated blood samples from adult patients. The samples were analyzed using both the conventional tube technique and a gel-based assay (DiaMed; Cressier sur Morat, Switzerland). Test results were expressed as either positive or negative. When a positive result by either technique was encountered, the treating physician was interviewed to determine whether the result warranted further patient investigation or treatment. In 268 out of 310 cases the DAT was negative by both methods. Of the 42 patients with a positive DAT, the test was positive by both methods in 18 patients. In the remaining 24 cases the DAT was positive by the gel test only. In all cases positive by both techniques the test result affected patient management. Of the 24 cases that were positive only by gel test, 3 were judged to be clinically significant. In this study, the gel test was more sensitive than the tube technique for performance of the DAT. However, the clinical significance of a DAT positive only by a gel test is doubtful. We believe that use of the gel-based DAT should be more extensively evaluated before it is adopted as a standard technique in general clinical laboratory practice.
 ...
PMID:The sensitivity, specificity, and clinical relevance of gel versus tube DATs in the clinical immunology laboratory. 1537 60

The detection of red blood cell (RBC)-bound immunoglobulins in case of anaemia with the direct agglutination test (DAT or Coombs test) has been reported to be of low sensitivity. We therefore tested the applicability of flow cytometry for the detection of canine IgG on RBC using two different IgG-specific secondary reagents: goat-anti-dog IgG (GalphaD-IgG) and rabbit-anti-dog IgG (RalphaD-IgG). Membrane staining RBC samples were performed at 4 degrees C. Comparisons of agglutination test at 37 degrees C and 4 degrees C showed, that binding of the secondary antibodies at 4 degrees C was more sensitive compared to agglutination at 37 degrees C and the two antisera differed considerable in their agglutination activity. Binding of GalphaD-IgG and RalphaD-IgG to RBC of healthy dogs (n=15) was low and mean fluorescence intensities were taken to calculate thresholds above which RBC of patients were judged positive. As in agglutination tests, both secondary antisera displayed considerable differences (concentration-dependent binding and histogram profiles) after flow cytometric analysis. Using flow cytometry, with GalphaD-IgG 8 of 17 agglutination-negative patients were positive and RalphaD-IgG was positive with 3 of 3 agglutination-negative RBC samples. Thus, flow cytometric analysis of proved to be a sensitive technique, detecting RBC-bound canine IgG of DAT-negative patients. The results of both techniques, however, are significantly influenced by the used IgG-specific polyclonal reagents.
 ...
PMID:Flow cytometric evaluation of bound IgG on erythrocytes of anaemic dogs. 1572 26

A 78-year-old white male presented to our facility with vascular occlusion. He was Group A, D-positive, with a negative indirect antiglobulin test (antibody screen). Records at our facility, 4 years prior to this admission, indicated a history of anti-Fya, and Fy(a-) units were provided. A referring hospital had transfused the patient for "chronic anemia" (1-3 units weekly for 2 years), and he had received eight units (untested for Fya) immediately prior to his transfer to our facility for acute hemorrhage. Only the presence of anti-JH in the Serum was documented. To detect possible immune red cell destruction, the patient was monitored by our facility at 24-hour intervals with a direct antiglobulin test and antibody screen. On day 4, a 4+ anti-Fya was identified in the serum and the DAT was negative. Three days later anti-K was also identified. The serologic picture remained unchanged for 10 days, when the DAT became positive. Concurrently, a mixed-field Fya typing (on the patient's chloroquine diphosphate-treated cells) was detected. Repeat Fya typing of all units transfused at our facility confirmed their FY(a-) status. From the day of admission, eluates on every sample, using a low pH technique, showed anti-Fya specificity. Titration of the anti-Fya in the sample drawn on admission reacted from a dilution of 4 through 2,048 but not in neat serum. Although a prozoning phenomenon is uncommon, this case study suggests that a prozoning anti-Fya present in the patient's serum may have been a contributing factor to his "chronic anemia."
 ...
PMID:Failure to detect a prozoning anti-Fya in the serum of a chronically transfused patient. 1594 56

A hemolytic transfusion reaction due to anti-Fy3 is reported in an African American patient with no history of sickle cell disease. This 82-year-old African American woman received two units of RBCs for anemia (Hab 7 g/dL) on admission for a left hip fracture. On hospital Day 7, the patient underwent left hip endoprosthesis surgery; she received two units of RBCs on the second postoperative day due to Hb of 6.1 g/dL. Her urine was dark during surgery and postoperatively. Her posttransfusion plasma was red. Her Hb dropped from 8.4 to 6.4 g/dL over 24 hours after the transfusion. Her total bilirubin rose to 4.0 mg/dL, with and LDH value of 1558 U/L and a haptoglobin of 10.9 mg/dL. Both the antibody detection test and the DAT were positive. An anti-Fy3 was identified in the serum and in the eluate. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of acute intravascular hemolysis due to anti-Fy3 in a patient without sickle cell disease.
 ...
PMID:Acute hemolytic transfusion reaction secondary to anti-Fy3. 1598 43

Anti-D prophylaxis should be proposed to all RhD negative non-sensitized pregnant women, after delivering an information concerning both Rhesus disease and anti-D immunoglobulins. This information must be delivered as a written document and the patient's oral consent is required before administration of the anti-D immunoglobulins. Anti-D immunoglobulins currently used in France for prophylaxis are extracted from plasma of hyperimmunized paid donors. Even if all the conditions of viral safety are fulfilled in the preparation of anti-D immunoglobulins, they remain blood derived products. As such, prescription of anti-D immunoglobulins should follow legal rules concerning tracability and information. Refusal of rhesus prophylaxis can occur but should be transcribed and motivated in the patient's chart. Administration of anti-D immunoglobulins is usually well tolerated. Reactions to hemolysis of fetal Rhesus positive red cells can occur but remain rare and linked to important foeto-maternal hemorrhage. They can be easily prevented or treated by anti-inflammatory drugs. Patients can be vaccinated against rubella in the post-partum period even though they will receive a concomitant prophylaxis with Rh immunoglobulin. Persistence of passive anti-D in maternal circulation after injection lasts several weeks or months and could have various consequences. In the mother: it can interfere with diagnosis of active anti-D immunization. In most cases, it may be possible to differentiate passive and immune anti-D. When reliable information concerning date and dosage of antenatal anti-D prophylaxis are available. In the newborn: anti-D immunoglobulins can pass through the placenta and enter the fetal circulation, coat the D positive fetal red cells and give positive DAT. Positive DAT is reported in 5 to 15% of the newborns following rhesus prophylaxis in the third trimester but with no report of anemia or jaundice. In absence of ABO incompatibility, no additional investigation is needed in these newborns.
 ...
PMID:[Adverse effects and patient information]. 1649 36


1 2 Next >>