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Query: UMLS:C0002871 (anemia)
 52,094 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

1. The plasma clot method of McLeod, et al8 was used to study the inhibitors of erythroid colony forming cells (CFU-E and BFU-E) in sera of patients with anemia of uremia. 2. Compared to sera from hematologically normal human subjects, sera from undialyzed patients with anemia of uremia produced a significant inhibition of CFU-E and BFU-E. 3. A marked reduction in the inhibitor(s) of CFU-E was seen in sera of 3 out of 4 patients following 16 wks of intermittent hemodialysis. 4. Creatinine, guanidine, guanidinosuccinic acid and guanidinobutyric acid had no effect on the erythroid colony forming cells. 5. Together with the relative erythropoietin deficiency, inhibitor(s) of the erythroid progenitor cell compartment may play a major role in the mechanism of the anemia of renal insufficiency.
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PMID:Inhibitors of erythroid colony forming cells in sera of azotemic patients with anemia of renal disease. 75 44

Eight men with chronic renal disease in the stage of compensated retention were given high doses of the androgen fluoxymesterone (40 mg/m2/day) for erythropoietin stimulation for 4 weeks. Seven of them showed a transient significant average rise in the serum creatinine level of 3.8 to 6.1 mg% which partly regressed only 8 to 12 weeks after stopping the medication. The rise in serum creatinine which appears under fluoxymesterone is attributable to a transient increase in the renal excretory function disturbance and/or a raised catabolism. Warning should be given against the further use of this drug in the treatment of renal anemia.
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PMID:[Rise in serum creatinine under the androgen fluoxymesterone in chronic renal disease (author's transl)]. 82 97

Provided a well-equipped laboratory and a properly trained staff are available, plasma concentrations of aminoglycosides should be determined in cases of severe impairment of renal function, changes in the body fluid content (oedema, dehydration), and anemia. In the absence of the above-mentioned facilities, the half-life should be estimated on the basis of creatinine clearance, and the plasma concentration calculated accordingly. Close clinical supervision of patients receiving aminoglycosides is however the most important aspect of treatment.
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PMID:[Indications for the determination of plasma concentrations of aminoglycosides (author's transl)]. 88 Dec 62

Serum total free phenols are elevated in chronic renal failure, acute renal failure and hepatic coma. Being partly protein-bound, phenols behave during dialysis in a similar manner to considerably larger molecules which are not protein-bound. In view of their potential toxicity they should be considered as an alternative to 'middle molecules'. Patients on regular hemodialysis have retention of phenols if their post-dialysis serum creatinine is above 6-7 mg/dl. Patients on short time dialysis have high pre-dialysis neutral phenol levels. Such levels are sufficiently high to suggest a role in the genesis of neurological symptoms, anemia and bone disease. Certainly pre-dialysis free phenols reflect adequacy of dialysis.
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PMID:Free phenols in chronic renal failure. 95 43

Preliminary results of this retrospective-prospective analysis of renal hypertension in 110 children indicate that hypertension may be secondary to a wide variety of acute progresive, and chronic renal diseases which may be either congenital or acquired. Affected children may be detected at any time from infancy through adolescence. Symptoms usually associated with acute glomerulonephritis (i.e., headache, swelling, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, fatigue, dizziness, and fever) occur in both acute and chronic renal diseases associated with hypertension. Headache and swelling are the most common symptoms in this series. Peripheral edema, rales, and increased heart size were found in between 10 and 25% of these children. Differential diagnosis may be approached by a consideration of causes of acute and chronic hypertension. The child with chronic renal disease usually presents with a long history of fatigability, poor growth, and pallor, and laboratory tests reveal elevation of the creatinine and BUN along with anemia, hypocalcemia, and hyperphosphatemia. In contrast, the child with acute renal disease and hypertension presents with a history of prior good health followed by the abrupt onset of signs and symptoms of renal disease; laboratory tests usually reveal modest elevations of creatinine and BUN, anemia is unusual, an abnormal urinalysis is common, and serum calcium and phosphorous levels are usually normal. Renovascular and asymmetric renal parenchymal disease represent uncommon but important conditions because surgery may be curative. Treatment may be surgical, medical, or combined. Surgical conditions include renal trauma, hydronephrosis, asymmetric renal disease, and renal arterial disease. Adequate blood pressure control without medication can be expected following surgery in instances of unilateral involvement with a normal contralateral kidney. Meticulous assessment of the contralateral kidney is needed to determine that it is normal. If surgery is unsuccessful or is not indicated, pharmacologic therapy is initiated with a stepwise regimen starting with the mildest agent (e.g., thiazides) and then adding additional antihypertensive drugs when adequate blood pressure control has not yet been achieved. The goal of therapy is the lowest, safest, tolerated blood pressure levels. Long-term, carefully designed studies of antihypertensive agents for children with renal hypertension are not available. The need for collection and critical analysis of data concerning the clinical course of children with renal hypertension is evident from a review of the literature and from the preliminary data presented in this series. The presentation of such information and a critique of outcome variables will provide a basis for program planning for affected children and improvement in patient care where indicated.
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PMID:Renal hypertension in children. 99 44

Studies were carried out from June 1974 to May 1975 on the socio-economic status, health and nutritional status of the people in 4 villages, in the irrigation area of the Nong Wai Pioneer Agricultural Project of Khon Kaen Province, Northeast Thailand. The result obtained were compared with those in 2 non-irrigated villages in the same province, in order to identify the health and nutritional problems which might arise during the water resource development in the irrigation area. It was found that in the irrigated villages 90% of the peoples were farmers, while in the non-irrigated villages all were farmers. The socio-economic status of the people in the irrigated villages was much better than those in the non-irrigated ones. The income per family in the former was about three times greater than that in the latter. In the study of the health conditions of the villagers, the vulnerable age group including pre-school children under 7 years of age and school children in the elementary school class 1 and class 2, aged 7-9 years old, served as subjects for investigation. Haematological and physical examinations revealed many children with mild to moderate anaemia, vitamin B2 deficiency and a few cases of hepatomegaly. Anaemic children were found to be more prevalent in the non-irrigated villages than in the irrigated area. The overall parasitic infection rates in children in the irrigated and non-irrigated villages were similar with respect to severity of the infection. Hookworm infection, opisthorchiasis, strongyloidiasis and giardiasis were the leading parasitic infections, while amoebiasis was rare. Ascariasis and trichuriasis were not found. However, the first two helminthic infections had a low grade of intensity. The nutritional status of pre-school children, showed that there were more children with good growth in the irrigated villages than in the non-irrigated one. Serum proteins, albumin and globulin, and urinary urea nitrogen-creatinine ratio revealed normal findings indicating that the children had sufficient protein intake. The results of the urinary hydroxyproline-creatinine index suggested that many of the children in both groups of the villages were at marginal malnutrition status. Surveys on domestic animals including cattle, buffaloes, pigs, and field rats revealed no important zoonotic diseases except leptospirosis in a few rats. Some fish were found to harbour metacercariae of Opisthorchis viverrini, while some snails were positive for cercariae of O. viverrini, Schistosoma spindale, and Echinostoma malayanum. The overall findings indicated that the water resource development by establishing better irrigation, resulted in an improved socio-economic and nutritional status among the villagers, but health conditions and associated parasitic diseases and some nutritional deficiency still existed in the children. However, the findings from this study provide only preliminary data concerning the socio-economic status, health, and nutritional status of the villagers in the irrigation area...
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PMID:Socio-economic, health and nutritional status of the villagers in the Nong Wai irrigation area, Khon Kaen, Northeast Thailand. 103 Aug 56

The effect of anabolic steroid therapy on anemia in 13 women with and without kidneys undergoing chronic hemodialysis for renal failure was investigated. All but one of the six patients with kidneys demonstrated a noticeable increase in hematocrit level (6.4% to 14.6%). Of the anephric women, four of the seven also showed hematocrit level elevations, but these were less remarkable (3.1% to 6.4%). A majority of patients demonstrated increments in weight and serum creatinine measurements but no definitive alteration in serum blood urea nitrogen levels. The androgenic effects of nandrolone decanoate were minimal and well tolerated. We conclude that anabolic steroid therapy is effective in ameliorating the anemia of women undergoing hemodialysis, if given in a dose that produces minimal and tolerable untoward effects.
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PMID:Response of uremic patients to nandrolone decanoate. 115 56

Anemia is known as one of the earliest manifestations of chronic renal insufficiency. Anemia begins at a serum creatinine level of 2 mg/100 ml. There is no correlation between the degree of anemia and the etiology of renal disease. Patients on chronic hemodialysis shown an average hematocrit of 23%. In the pathogenesis of renal anemia various factors may be discussed, especially a deficiency of iron and erythropoietin. A method of conservative therapy which would allow optimal treatment of renal anemia is not yet available. Successful renal transplantation has to be considered the best therapeutic measure in terminal renal insufficiency.
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PMID:[Anemia in chronic renal insufficiency]. 119 26

Peak concentrations and half-life of gentamicin in serum were measured after 140 intravenous and 13 intramuscular doses in 52 children and 17 adults with normal levels of creatinine in serum. Marked interpatient variation in peak concentrations and half-life of gentamicin was observed, but individual patients tended to have similar values on repeated determinations. Age markedly affected the peak concentrations: a 1-mg/kg dose produced mean peak concentrations of 1.58, 2.03, and 2.81 mug/ml in the one-half to five, five to 10, and greater than 10 year age groups, respectively. This age-related change in dose response was diminished when the dose was calculated on the basis of body surface area. Patients in whom gentamicin had a short half-life, patients with fever, and adults with a high extracellular fluid volume had low peak concentrations. The mean half-life after intravenous administration was 75 min (range, 26-230 min). The mean half-life was 29 min longer after intramuscular dosage (p less than 0.01). A low rate of creatinine clearance was associated with a long half-life; fever and anemia were associated with a short half-life. The dosage of gentamicin necessary to produce mean peak serum concentrations between 4 mug/ml and 6 mug/ml was 60 mg/m2 per dose for all age groups or 2.5 mg/kg per dose for ages one-half to five years, 2.0 mg/kg per dose for ages five to 10 years, and 1.5 mg/kg per dose for ages greater than 10 years.
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PMID:Pharmacokinetics of gentamicin in children and adults. 120 9

A 42 year woman presented with malignant hypertension, anuria and hemolytic anemia with schistocytosis. The diagnosis of thrombotic microangiopathy was confirmed by early renal biopsy. Purely symptomatic treatment (peritoneal dialysis and hypotensive drugs) was supplemented by administration of heparin and Dipyridamole. Gastro-intestinal bleeding prevented early thrombolytic therapy. Microangiopathic anemia rapidly disappeared but anuria persisted. Three months later a second renal biopsy showed persistence of active lesions and absence of irreversible parenchymal damage. Streptokinase treatment was then instituted and followed by a rapid return of urinary output. Hemodialysis was stopped and renal function continued to improve over the following months. Two years later the patient remains well despite persistence of hypertension difficult to control. Creatinine clearance is stable at 20 ml/min. This observation suggests that late thrombolytic therapy may be effective in patients with thrombotic microangiopathy when histological findings do not indicate extensive irreversible lesions.
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PMID:Late streptokinase therapy in thrombotic microangiopathy: a case study. 123 14


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