Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0002871 (anemia)
 52,094 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Farr's assay using double-stranded (ds) DNA from E. coli is a most sensitive and specific method for the detection of anti ds-DNA antibodies in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Because of the lack of sufficient DNA antigens, however, final antibody titers were hardly determined when the sera contained antibodies titered more than 100U/ml (or more than 60 per cent by DNA binding activities). In such sera DNA binding activities were measured by using ds-DNA tracer adjusted final concentration of NaCl to 125 mM. Higher binding activities measured by high-salt tracer are obtained significantly in SLE patients groups with nephrotic syndrome, proteinuria, cast, renal failure, diffuse proliferative nephritis, low serum complement levels, anemia and/or low IgG/IgA levels compared with the patients who lacked these clinical findings. In contrast the patients with digital rash or cramp showed significantly lower high-salt binding activities. The patients with pleuropericarditis tended to have lower bindings. The non-lupus patients including MCTD also had lower levels. These clinical characteristics could not be evaluated by standard Farr's assay. High-salt bindings suggest the presence of high avidity antibodies and also partly may mean the high levels of low avidity antibodies. The application of high-salt binding activities, thus, is a useful tool for the evaluation of clinical characteristics of SLE patients who had high levels of anti ds-DNA antibodies by standard Farr's assay.
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PMID:[Reassessment of measurement of anti double-stranded DNA antibodies by Farr's assay using double-stranded DNA from E. coli and application of DNA binding Activities in high salt solution]. 144 79

Four hundred and fifty four adolescent girls (11-18 years) were screened for nutritional disorders by anthropometry (weight, height and triceps skinfold measurements), clinical examination and hemoglobin estimation. Of these, 56% belonged to high socio-economic groups (Group A) and the rest (44%) to lower middle class (Group B). A large number of girls from Group B were undernourished (35.5% had weight/height2 less than the fifth percentile of reference standard) stressing the need for nutritional screening, nutrition and health education. Obesity was prevalent in 3.1% of Group A adolescents. Goitre grade I or more was observed in a high proportion of Group B girls, stressing the need for continued consumption of iodized salt in Delhi. Anemia appears to be a major health problem in adolescent girls in both groups (47, 56% in Groups A and B, respectively) underlying the ned for iron supplementation along with health education.
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PMID:Nutritional disorders in adolescent girls. 145 17

The incidence of iron deficiency anemia, rickets, and zinc deficiency is very high in Chinese preschool children and a method for prevention is urgently needed. From our studies, it can be seen that a soft drink powder is a convenient vehicle for the supplementation of iron, zinc, calcium, vitamin D, riboflavin, and ascorbic acid. Table salt is also a good, low-cost carrier for iron and zinc, and cow's milk can only be used for the enrichment of vitamins A and D. In our study the therapeutic dose of iron was lower than 3 mg/kg body weight recommended by the WHO Expert Committee. As ascorbic acid can enhance the absorption of iron in the body, so 300 mg vitamin C was added to 100 g of soft drink powder containing 100 mg of elemental iron. Ten g of powder is not only enough for the prevention of iron deficiency anemia but it can also cure iron deficiency anemia within 3 months. One hundred mg of iron in 100 g of table salt is an adequate level, because an adult or a child taking 10 or 5 g of salt will receive 10 and 5 mg of elemental iron respectively. This dosage is adequate for the prevention of anemia. From our results, 10 mg of zinc daily is enough for the prevention and treatment of zinc deficiency in preschool children. Four hundred IU of vitamin D (from fortified soft drink powder or enriched fresh cow's milk) orally-administered daily, is a good way to prevent rickets in infants and young children.
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PMID:Studies on iron deficiency anemia, rickets and zinc deficiency and their prevention among Chinese preschool children. 149 54

The authors show that application of anticipated postoperative intensive care gives the possibility ot obtain more complete effect of compensation. The basic components of this therapy are the following: removal of hypovolemia and anemia, combined (central and regional) anesthesia, prevention of pneumonia, normalization of salt and water exchange, removal of excessive catabolism, adequate ensuring of organism with energy and plastic material for long-time compensation, prophylaxis and treatment of paresis of digestive tract, chemoprophylaxis of wound infection. The proposed program of intensive therapy gives the possibility to minimize the lethality among wounded with penetrating abdominal gunshot injuries and can be used as a basic one for the development of various schemes of intensive therapy for other categories of wounds.
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PMID:[Postoperative intensive therapy in penetrating gunshot wounds of the abdomen]. 157 Jun 95

The Nutrition Committee of the Austrian Pediatric Society recommends that weaning foods should be introduced between 4 and 6 months of age, which agrees with the recommendations in the EC and the U.S. Opinion against early introduction of solid foods have focused on concerns about renal solute load, obesity, coeliac disease, and food allergy. On the other hand, when weaning was postponed after 6 months of age, growth faltering in some breastfed infants and iron-deficiency anemia in infants fed non-fortified formulas or cow's milk were observed. Two broad categories--"baby foods" and "cereal-based weaning foods"--are on the market in Austria. "Baby foods" include complete meals sold in jars, soups, desserts and puddings, fruit juices, nectars, and vegetable juices. "Cereal-based weaning foods" are composed of one or more cereals either alone, or with the addition of vegetables, fruits, milk and milk products, egg, or other ingredients. Weaning food labelling should include information if sugars, salt, iron, vitamins minerals and trace elements have been added and if the product is free from gluten, cow's milk and egg protein, and lactose.
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PMID:[The Nutrition Committee of the Austrian Society of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine. Comment on nutrition with solid foods in infancy and early childhood]. 163 82

To explore the role of systemic hematocrit in the vascular adaptations which characterize desoxycorticosterone-salt hypertension, studies were performed in three groups of rats with uninephrectomy, desoxycorticosterone administration, and 1% saline in the drinking water. One group received recombinant human erythropoietin to increase hematocrit, and another group was subjected to phlebotomy and fed a low-iron diet to induce anemia. Control rats exhibited systemic and glomerular capillary hypertension, proteinuria, and substantial glomerular sclerosis at 8 wk. Erythropoietin modestly increased hematocrit and blood pressure and substantially aggravated glomerular capillary pressure, proteinuria, and glomerular sclerosis. In contrast, reduction of hematocrit with a low-iron diet significantly attenuated systemic and glomerular hypertension, proteinuria, and sclerosis. It was concluded that the pace of progression of glomerular injury can be limited by chronic reduction in hematocrit, which effectively ameliorates both systemic and glomerular hypertension in this model of salt-sensitive hypertensive renal disease.
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PMID:Anemia ameliorates progressive renal injury in experimental DOCA-salt hypertension. 176 13

The histochemical patterns of lactate dehydrogenase, LDH, are here proposed as indicators of the local levels of oxygenation of malignant tissue. This parameter has outstanding importance in determining the tumour aggressiveness and response to treatment. The tetrazolium salt reaction previously proposed for the mapping of hypoxia has been improved by the use of polyvinyl alcohol as a tissue stabilizer. The intracellular coloured products of this reaction appear in two distinct forms, diffuse and granular, which we previously postulated to be indicative of LDH isoenzymes soluble and bound, respectively. Solubility is promoted by H-LDH subunits preferentially synthesized under good oxygenation; binding to membranes is favoured by the presence of M-LDH subunits preferentially active under poor oxygeneration. A reversible shift between the two forms apparently regulates the cells' metabolic adaptation to different stress situations. We assume that the anoxic shock protein LDHk exists exclusively in the bound form. In the Ehrlich carcinoma model previously employed, we verify a drift towards the exclusive presence of the granular form as the section's depth increases and/or when the cuff width decreases. This trend is ascribed to a progressive worsening of the local oxygenation levels. At the tumour interface, a chronic inflammatory tissue (notoriously highly hypoxic) is characterized by a granular LDH activity. New models of hypoxia are proposed and discussed for explaining the patterns here described and observed also in other studies, namely those derived from hyperviscosaemia, damaged endothelia, fibrosis, anaemia, poor ventilation and impaired cardio-vascular system.
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PMID:In situ lactate dehydrogenase patterns as markers of tumour oxygenation. 188 63

Itai-itai disease is thought to be the result of chronic cadmium (Cd) intoxication. We examined 23 autopsy cases of itai-itai disease and 18 cases of sudden death as controls. Urine and blood samples from 10 patients were collected before they died and revealed the presence of severe anemia and renal tubular injuries. Undecalcified sections of iliac bone were stained with Aluminon reagent, and ammonium salt of aurintricarboxylic acid, and Prussian blue reagent in all cases of itai-itai disease. These two reagents reacted at the same mineralization fronts. X-ray microanalysis revealed the presence of iron at mineralization fronts in itai-itai disease. Five patients showed evidence of hemosiderosis in the liver, spleen, and pancreas, probably as a result of post transfusion iron overload. Renal calculi and calcified aortic walls were also stained with Prussian blue reagent in several patients. Neither ferritin nor transferrin were visualized at mineralization fronts in itai-itai disease by immunohistochemical staining. These results suggest that iron is bound to calcium or to calcium phosphate by a physicochemical reaction. A marked osteomalacia was observed in 10 cases of itai-itai disease by histomorphometry. Regression analyses of data from cases of itai-itai disease suggested that an Aluminon-positive metal inhibited mineralization and that renal tubules were injured. Since bone Cd levels were increased in itai-itai disease, it is likely that renal tubules were injured by exposure to Cd. Therefore, stainable bone iron is another possible aggravating factor for osteopathy in itai-itai disease, and a synergistic effect between iron and Cd on mineralization is proposed.
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PMID:Iron as a possible aggravating factor for osteopathy in itai-itai disease, a disease associated with chronic cadmium intoxication. 203 51

The toxicity of cadmium was examined in rats fed diets containing either tissue-incorporated cadmium or cadmium salt for 4 wk. The test diets contained 30 mg cadmium/kg either as cadmium chloride, or as cadmium incorporated in pigs' livers; the control group was fed a diet containing liver from a pig not treated with cadmium. Over 90% of the cadmium present in the pigs' livers was bound to metallothionein. Analysis of the diet and determination of the food consumption revealed that both cadmium-fed groups were exposed to similar dietary cadmium levels. There was no adverse effect on general health or survival. Feeding cadmium resulted in growth retardation and slightly decreased water intake. Moreover, both cadmium-treated groups showed clear signs of anaemia and increased plasma aspartate and alanine aminotransferase activities. For the group fed cadmium chloride, all of these effects were more pronounced than for the group fed cadmium incorporated in liver. Microscopic examination of the liver and kidneys, however, did not reveal any lesion that could be attributed to the cadmium treatment. After exposure to cadmium the spleen showed decreased extramedullary haematopoiesis, an effect that was also more pronounced after feeding of the cadmium chloride than after feeding liver-incorporated cadmium. The differences in the extent of the toxic effects between the inorganic and the tissue-incorporated cadmium were accompanied by differences in the cadmium concentrations in liver and kidneys: the feeding of cadmium incorporated in pigs' livers resulted in about half the accumulation of cadmium in the rats' livers that took place after intake of a diet containing cadmium chloride. In contrast a much less marked difference in cadmium accumulation was observed in the kidneys. Since humans are usually exposed to tissue-incorporated cadmium these findings deserve further investigation, with special attention to the observed difference in tissue accumulation.
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PMID:Comparison of the toxicity of inorganic and liver-incorporated cadmium: a 4-wk feeding study in rats. 221 May 16

This overview of health programs and conditions in India reveals that health is related to economic development antipoverty measures, food production and distribution, drinking water supply, sanitation, housing, environmental protection, and education. There are urgent requirements for effective intersectorial coordination. Unprecedented growth of 1 million a year has resulted in slums and shanties--a place of epidemics; urbanization has contributed to environmental pollution impacting on health, and water pollution to water-born diseases. Health services are still insufficient to meet the needs. Sanitation practices contribute to cholera, dysentery, diarrhea, enteric fevers, and malaria. Indian Systems of Medicine and Homeopathy must be active in preventive and health care. Accomplishments include in 1987/8 a decline in leprosy cases attributed to the existence of leprosy control units. 40 AIDS Surveillance Units are actively treating and screening. The Naval Goitre Control Programme's goal is replacement of iodized salt for edible salt by 1992, thereby reducing mental retardation and low birth weight babies. The Family Welfare Programme, targets a New Production Rate of Unity before 2000. A National Technology Mission on immunization and the Universal Immunization Programme plans to be operational in all districts by 1990. Oral rehydration therapy programs dispense free packets to fill the needs of 1 million children under 5 who suffer from diarrhea 3 times a year with 3 million facing death. The Primary Health Care Programme provides iron and folic acid to women with nutritional anemia and Vitamin A to children. Health service developments have been increased.
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PMID:Status of health in India and its future prospects. 226 69


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