Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0002871 (anemia)
 52,094 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The predictive value of a prolonged glycerol lysis time (GLT50) was assessed by analysis of case records of 100 consecutive subjects with values greater than 73 seconds (normal = 26--73 seconds) reported by the clinical laboratory of The New York Hospital. There were 72 cases of hemoglobinopathy: 65 thalassemia trait, four sickle-thalassemia, and one each of Hb D-thalassemia, sickle-C disease, and sickle-cell anemia. Nine of the remaining subjects had iron-deficiency anemia, three had chronic renal disease, and seven had miscellaneous disorders. Four subjects were apparently normal, and in five cases there was insufficient information for a diagnosis. Of 78 patients who had both a prolonged GLT50 and microcytosis, 67 (86%) had thalassemia trait and seven (9%) had iron-deficiency anemia. In 74 patients with GLT50 greater than 100 seconds, thalassemia trait was found 16 times as often as uncomplicated iron-deficiency anemia. All 31 subjects with GLT50 greater than 180 seconds had hemoglobinopahy. A prolonged GLT50 strongly suggests thalassemia trait, especially when greater than 100 seconds or associated with microcytosis.
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PMID:The diagnostic significance of a prolonged erythrocytic glycerol lysis time (GLT50). 70 32

To confirm the hypotriglyceridemic effect of aluminum (Al), male weanling and adult Wistar rats were fed sucrose diets with the addition of aluminum hydroxide (Al(OH)3) or aluminum potassium sulfate (AlK(SO4)2) for 67 days. As in the foregoing report (C. Sugawara, N. Sugawara, H. Kiyosawa, and H. Miyake, Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. 10, 607-615), no Al-induced anemia or hypophosphatemia was observed and serum Al did not exceed 20 ng/ml. Serum triglyceride (TG) was decreased by aluminum. Serum TG was significantly correlated with the serum nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentration in both the Young groups (R = 0.757, n = 22, p less than 0.01) and the Adult groups (R = 0.727, n = 19, p less than 0.01). Neither serum cholesterol nor phospholipids was affected by Al ingestion. Aluminum caused a decrease in hepatic glycogen in all groups, but the decrease was significant only in Adult groups. Glycerol tri[9,10(n)-3H]oleate was administered by gastric tube into rats fed for 81 days with experimental diets. In all the Al-treated groups serum 3H was significantly greater than in control groups at 3 hr after intubation. At 24 hr after intubation, serum 3H did not differ between Control and Al-treated groups. Total 3H at 24 hr found in serum, liver, and epididymal adipose tissue was not changed significantly by Al feeding. These effects were observed without measurable increase of Al in the serum.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Decrease of serum triglyceride in normal rat fed with 2000 ppm aluminum diet for 67 days. II. Feeding young and adult rats a sucrose diet with addition of aluminum hydroxide and aluminum potassium sulfate. 339 89

Successful surgical treatment of acoustic neurinoma in a case of hemodialyzed patient is reported. A 42-year-old female patient, who had been treated by hemodialysis, was diagnosed as having a C-P angle tumor by CT scan. She was refered to our clinic on June 24, 1983. Laboratory examinations on admission showed severe anemia and renal dysfunction. Every possible treatment was done in order to improve the laboratory data preoperatively. Another big problem in this case of hemodialyzed patient was brain edema and bleeding tendency. In order to cope with brain edema, intravenous administration of glycerol and slow hemodialysis for three days were performed preoperatively. These treatments were thought to be effective to reduce bleeding tendency also. During operation, however, heavy swelling of the cerebellum forced us to resect one third of the hemisphere to remove the tumor totally. In addition to this, postoperative mild bleeding in the cavity after tumor resection, subcortical hemorrhage around the shunt tube and oozing from the wound were observed. The patient was discharged from the hospital four months after surgery without any neurological deficit. The way of recovery, however, was not uneventful, because the patient developed various kinds of postoperative complications as mentioned above. In the postoperative managements, we felt almost as if we were treading on thin ice. Neurosurgical management in hemodialyzed patients is not yet very common. We should improve the postoperative management by adding new experience with similar cases.
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PMID:[Surgery of acoustic neurinoma in a hemodialyzed patient]. 370 52

The parasitological techniques currently in use for the diagnosis of African trypanosomiasis were compared in a series of experiments for their capacity to detect Trypanosoma congolense, T. vivax and T. brucei in the blood of cattle. The darkground/phase contrast buffy coat method proved to be more sensitive than the haematocrit centrifugation technique, thick, thin and wet blood films in detecting T. congolense and T. vivax. On the other hand with T. brucei, mouse inoculation was the most sensitive method, followed by the haematocrit centrifugation technique. In a further series of experiments involving cattle infected with either T. congolense or T. vivax, the darkground/phase contrast buffy coat method was consistently more sensitive in detecting parasites than haematocrit centrifugation, capillary concentration using glycerol and miniature anion-exchange/centrifugation techniques. As well as showing superior sensitivity, the darkground/phase contrast buffy coat method allowed species identification, estimation of parasitaemia and simultaneous assessment of anaemia (packed red cell volume).
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PMID:A comparative evaluation of the parasitological techniques currently available for the diagnosis of African trypanosomiasis in cattle. 613 90

Male weanling rats were made copper deficient with a purified diet containing all known essential dietary nutrients except copper. Copper deficiency was verified by indirect (anemia, growth retardation, hypercholesterolemia, gross pathology, and abnormal electrocardiograms) and direct (tissue copper analysis) criteria. His bundle electrographic and electrocardiographic changes detected in the copper-deficient group consisted most notably of depressed His-Purkinje system conductivity and S-T segment depression. Phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic analysis of cardiac, renal, and hepatic tissue perchloric acid extracts revealed significant metabolic changes associated with the dietary copper deficiency, including a generalized marked decrease in ATP and phosphocreatine levels and a corresponding increase in inorganic orthophosphate and ADP levels in the various tissues. Tissue-specific changes consisting of elevated ribose 5-phosphate (heart), phosphocholine (heart), and inosine monophosphate (kidney) and decreased glycerol 3-phosphorylethanolamine (liver) and glycerol 3-phosphorylcholine (liver) levels were detected in copper-deficient rats. Microscopic examination of heart tissue from copper-deficient rats revealed extensive disruption of mitochondrial fine structure, including fragmentation of cristae and inner and outer mitochondrial membranes, which resulted in pronounced vacuolization throughout the tissue. Although the physiological and metabolic disturbances manifested in hearts from copper-deficient animals generally mimic myocardial responses to chronic ischemia, the observed changes are interpreted in a broader context to represent the appearance of a copper-dependent cardiomyopathy.
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PMID:Physiological and metabolic characterization of a cardiomyopathy induced by chronic copper deficiency. 663 5

A comparative study of recombinant 51- and 66-kDa subunits comprising equine infectious anemia virus reverse transcriptase (EIAV RT) is reported. Both polypeptides sedimented as stable homodimers (molecular mass, 102 and 132 kDa, respectively) when analyzed by rate sedimentation through glycerol gradients. Consistent with their dimer composition, each preparation displayed considerable levels of both RNA- and DNA-dependent DNA polymerase activity on different homopolymeric template/primer combinations. However, a detailed analysis of the polymerization products indicated qualitative differences. Whereas p66 EIAV RT proceeded essentially unimpaired along both RNA and DNA templates, p51-catalyzed DNA synthesis was interrupted close to or in the immediate vicinity of the primer. A series of "programmed" 2-step polymerization reactions suggests that p51 EIAV RT enters an abortive mode of polymerization. Duplication of this observation with p51 human immunodeficiency virus-1 RT, together with recent observations from murine RT, suggests that lack of a ribonuclease H domain and loss of contact with the nascent product from the polymerase active center have profound consequences on the mode of polymerization.
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PMID:Alternative modes of polymerization distinguish the subunits of equine infectious anemia virus reverse transcriptase. 751 Jun 90

A factor capable of deforming erythrocyte membranes, found in the culture supernatants of Bartonella bacilliformis, was purified 1840-fold using hydrophobic, ion exchange and gel exclusion chromatography. The final fractions contained a single detectable polypeptide species, referred to as deformin, having a molecular weight of 67000 by SDS-PAGE and a native molecular weight of 130,000 by gel exclusion chromatography or velocity sedimentation in a glycerol gradient. Erythrocytes treated with deformin acquire trenches, indentations, and invaginations which could be reversed by vanadate, dilauroylphosphatidylcholine (DLPC), or by raising the internal Ca2+ concentrations with the inophore A23187. Internal vacuoles also form. Erythrocytes treated with trypsin or neuraminidase are much more sensitive to deformin than untreated erythrocytes; erythrocytes treated with phospholipase D are less sensitive to deformin. This protein may play a role in causing the severe anemia which can result as a consequence of infection by B. bacilliformis.
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PMID:Purification of deformin, an extracellular protein synthesized by Bartonella bacilliformis which causes deformation of erythrocyte membranes. 769 92

We examine the pharmacokinetic profile of cyclosporin A (CyA) after intravenous administration to rats prepared as models of various disease states found in patients who receive organ transplantations. After intravenous bolus administration to normal rats, the total blood clearance (CLt) of CyA showed a dose-dependent increase. The CLt was reduced in anemic (ANE) rats prepared by venesection, in carbon tetrachloride-induced acute hepatic failure (AHF) rats, and in glycerol-induced acute renal failure (ARF) rats. On the other hand, the volume of distribution at a steady state (Vss) of CyA increased significantly in ANE and aged (AGE) rats. CyA distribution was tissue-specific, and the tissue CyA concentration was disease state-dependent. Linear relationships between the CyA concentration in whole blood and various tissues (liver, kidney and heart) were found in AGE, ANE and AHF animals. However, in ARF rats, tissue concentration was not increased to a great extent in comparison with the other disease models, even though the whole blood CyA concentration was increased. The tissue per blood concentration ratio (Kb), which represented the CyA tissue transfer from systemic circulation, was influenced by the disease state. In the liver, in particular, the Kb increased in the AHF and AGE groups, whereas it decreased in the ANE and ARF rats. The CLt of CyA was negatively related to the erythrocyte per plasma concentration ratio (E/P), and the E/P exhibited disease state-dependent changes, suggesting that this ratio is a valuable indicator for predicting variations in CyA total blood clearance in organ transplant patients during episodes of anemia, nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity.
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PMID:Pharmacokinetics of cyclosporin A after intravenous administration to rats in various disease states. 831 70

Endogenous oxygen radical scavengers such as glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase (CAT), glutathione and vitamin E are powerful regulatory systems against free radical toxicity. These oxidative injuries are increased in patients with chronic renal failure leading to various abnormalities including anemia. In this study, activities of GSH-Px, CAT, glutathione and vitamin E were measured in the erythrocytes of 54 chronic renal failure patients compared with 32 healthy controls. GSH-Px activities were lower significantly from controls (20.5 +/- 6.79 vs 28.3 +/- 9.0 u/gHb, p < 0.001). Erythrocytes CAT (6.52 +/- 2.3 vs 7.54 +/- 1.9 u/gHb, p < 0.05), glutathione (63.59 +/- 20.2 vs 75.1 +/- 6.3 mg/dl, p < 0.05) vit. E (2.23 +/- 0.53 vs 3.38 +/- 0.44 g/ml RBC, p < 0.001) were also lower in the patients group. Plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) known as lipid peroxidation product was higher significantly than controls (p < 0.001). Abnormal erythrocyte osmotic fragility test, expressed by glycerol lysis time (GLT50) was found in the patients group (p < 0.001) and correlated significantly with RBC vitamin E. Results demonstrated defects in erythrocytes enzymatic antioxidant defense mechanism in chronic renal failure patients. To improve antioxidant systems seems to be promising in preventing hemolysis and anemia in these patients.
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PMID:Reduced free radical scavengers and chronic renal failure. 907 94

A 36-year-old male presented with headache, vomiting, and gait disturbance. Examination found marked anemia, renal failure, markedly choked disks, and hypertensive encephalopathy. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated diffuse swelling of the brainstem and cerebellum, and obstructive hydrocephalus. Treatment with steroid, glycerol, and antihypertensive drugs resulted in a slow decrease in the brain swelling and cerebral edema. However, hydrocephalus and intracranial hypertension persisted, requiring a shunt operation. Hypertensive encephalopathy is usually improved by the treatment of hypertension, but shunt operation may be required to treat exacerbated intracranial pressure associated with obstructive hydrocephalus.
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PMID:Malignant hypertension associated with obstructive hydrocephalus--case report. 909 27


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