Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0002871 (anemia)
 52,094 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Normal pregnancy changes include physiologic anemia, leukocytosis, and thrombocytopenia. Cardiac rate and stroke volume increase, vascular resistance falls, and creatinine clearance markedly rises. Thyroid binding globulin and cortisol binding globulin both increase, as do complement proteins and fibrinogen, the latter resulting in a normally high erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Estrogen and progesterone rise dramatically. Low back pain, hip and sacroiliac complaints are common. The cytolytic activity of natural killer (NK) cells is decreased, as are adhesion and chemotaxis of phagocytic cells. Antibody responses are normal. CD4 cells proportionately decrease. A large number of circulating proteins suppression lymphocyte proliferation, and T-cell interleukin-2 (IL-2) production may be suppressed. In studies of pregnant patients, controls must include normal pregnant women.
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PMID:Physiologic adaptations of pregnancy. 128 59

Cisplatin/etoposide/bleomycin (DEB) was given as an outpatient regimen in a novel weekly schedule to 27 patients with recurrent and/or widely metastatic cancer of the head and neck region. Six of these patients also received mitomycin (DEB/M) when their disease failed to respond after at least three weekly DEB doses. All but three patients had been treated previously with radiotherapy directed to the primary site and regional nodal disease; four had also received chemotherapy with cisplatin or carboplatin. Before treatment with DEB, 19 patients had distant metastases. Of an intended 12 doses per patient, a mean of 8.2 was achieved. Myelosuppression was the major toxicity, with neutropenia in 45% of patients and significant anemia in 26%. The overall response rate to DEB in 27 patients was 59%, increasing to 70% after the addition of mitomycin. There were two complete and 17 partial responses. The median duration of response was 12 weeks and median survival was 6 months, with 20% of patients surviving 1 year. We conclude that the relatively short survival time together with the significant toxicity of the DEB/M regimen does not warrant its routine use in clinical practice. However, this regimen, or one patterned on it, should be evaluated in combination with radiotherapy as the initial treatment for selected patients with previously untreated head and neck cancer.
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PMID:Treatment of recurrent and metastatic head and neck cancer with cisplatin/etoposide/bleomycin. 138 40

Ethinyl estradiol administered in vivo to female rats resulted in a mild anemia with a 120% increase in reticulocytosis. Consistent with a previous study, the red blood cell cholesterol-to-phospholipid molar ratio was decreased by 25%, whereas fatty acyl incorporation was significantly increased into phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and not into phosphatidylcholine (PC), the major acyl acceptor in red blood cells. Analysis of this estrogen-dependent acylation increase as a function of cell age indicated that it was not expressed in reticulocytes but in erythrocytes and was associated with cell aging. Estrogen was further shown to increase the red blood cell susceptibility to peroxidation generated by incubation with H2O2. Altogether, the results suggest that estrogen indirectly increases phospholipid acylation in red blood cells by decreasing protection against oxidative damage, thereby favoring the action of endogenous phospholipases against oxidized substrates. This occurs predominantly in PE of oldest cells because 1) PE, being more unsaturated than PC, is more sensitive to oxidation, and 2) susceptibility to oxidation increases with cell age.
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PMID:Estrogen modulates phospholipid acylation in red blood cells: relationship to cell aging. 188 70

Estrogen and progesterone cytoplasmic receptors (ER, PgR) were determined by radiochemical DCC technique in the endometria of 16 normal women at before child bearing age and 6 to 9 months after LNG IUD insertion. The study showed that both ER and PgR were reduced significantly after LNG IUD insertion (P less than 0.01). The decrease of ER and PgR might play an important role in gland reduction and endometrial atrophy. It may be one mechanism of the contraceptive effect and the cause of anemia or spotting between menstruation during the course of LNG IUD insertion.
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PMID:[Effect of levonorgestrel intrauterine device on human endometrial estrogen and progesterone receptors]. 193 11

It has been shown by genetic complementation analysis that a mitomycin C-sensitive mutant (V-H4) of Chinese hamster V79 cells is the first rodent equivalent of Fanconi anemia (FA) group A. The V-H4 mutant shows many typical characteristics of cells derived from FA patients. V-H4 cells exhibit increased sensitivity towards cross-linking agents as MMC (approximately 30-fold), cis-DDP (approximately 10-fold), DEB (approximately 10-fold), and PUVA (approximately 1.6-fold), but an only slightly increased sensitivity to monofunctional alkylating agents (EMS and MMS) and actinomycin D. V-H4 cells are also moderately sensitive to adriamycin (1.6-fold), and not sensitive to H2O2. The levels of chromosomal aberrations induced by MMC and cis-DDP treatment are higher (4- to 6-fold) in V-H4 cells than in the wild-type V79 cells. Genetic complementation analysis with other Chinese hamster mutants hypersensitive to MMC (irs1, irs1SF, UV20 and UV41) indicates clearly that V-H4 belongs to a different, new complementation group. This unique mutant is very stable and can serve as a vehicle to isolate the complementing FA-A gene from normal human DNA.
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PMID:The Chinese hamster V79 cell mutant V-H4 is phenotypically like Fanconi anemia cells. 226 31

Two groups, each of ten female rats, were orally dosed with the synthetic oestrogens diethylstilboestrol (DES; 6 mg/kg day) and hexoestrol (60 mg/kg/day) for 6 wk. A further group of ten animals received clomiphene citrate (2 mg/kg/day) and DES (6 mg/kg/day), while two groups, each of ten animals, acted as controls. One animal treated with DES died within the 42-day study period. Its death was associated with a bleeding disorder related to severe liver damage. The remaining treated animals showed little overt toxicity. The major haematological finding in the treated animals that survived was a moderate, stable, normocytic, normochromic anaemia. The terminal bone marrows of these animals showed a modest degree of erythroid hypoplasia. There were stimulatory and other changes in the reproductive tract and there were gains in the liver, adrenal and pituitary weights. These effects were more marked in the rats treated with hexoestrol, the gains in the relative organ weights being particularly striking: liver, 51%, adrenals, 210%, uterus, 79% and pituitary, 500%. The oestrogens caused reductions in body weight (18% in both cases) and appetite, a modest degree of fatty change in the liver, and alterations in the serum proteins. The Thrombotest clotting times of the hexoestrol-treated rats were prolonged. Clomiphene citrate decreased the adverse effects of DES on appetite and body weight, and sharply decreased the gains in the pituitary and uterine weights from 243 to 80% and 59 to 14%, respectively. The toxic effects of the oestrogens in the rat were more closely related to the dose administered than to their hormonal potency. Oestrogens are less toxic to the rat than they are to the cat, dog and ferret, and the toxic effects are in many respects qualitatively different.
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PMID:Subacute toxicity of diethylstilboestrol and hexoestrol in the female rat, and the effects of clomiphene pretreatment. 283 97

Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (Osler-Weber-Rendu disease) is a bleeding disorder attributed to a vascular developmental abnormality. It is transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait. A 63-year-old female was admitted because of repeated episodes of severe anemia which resulted from bleeding of telangiectases in the gastric mucosa. Conventional therapies including endoscopical microwave coagulation and ethanol injection were not effective. The persistent anemia necessitated frequent blood transfusion. Estrogen was orally administrated and blood transfusion became unnecessary. Thus, estrogen therapy should be considered as one of the effective treatments for recurrent severe anemia due to hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia.
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PMID:Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia showing severe anemia which was successfully treated with estrogen. 754 50

A 62-year-old man having prostate cancer presenting with hemolytic jaundice is reported. The hemolytic jaundice was cured by diethylstilbestrol diphosphate (DES-P) treatment, but the patient died one year and two months later from relapse of prostate cancer. An autopsy confirmed the diagnosis of prostate cancer with multiple metastases. Sudden anemia caused by bone metastasis might have caused the hemolytic jaundice. DES-P cured bone metastasis and then improved anemia when associated with transfusion. Consequently, hemolytic jaundice was cured.
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PMID:A case of extremely advanced prostate cancer presenting hemolytic jaundice. 817 48

A 50-year-old woman who had been on maintenance hemodialysis for 5 years developed severe anemia resistant to treatment with iron supplements and erythropoietin 4 months prior to hospital admission. Her stool occult blood test was positive, and an initial panendoscopy revealed evidence of possible antral gastritis. However, repeated administration of sucralfate, H2 blockers and a proton pump inhibitor was not effective in preventing further gastrointestinal tract blood loss and subsequent refractory anemia. She required multiple blood transfusions and hospital admissions during this period. There was no obvious coagulopathy or thrombocytopenia. After her third admission, a second panendoscopy demonstrated the typical picture of watermelon stomach. A trial of hormone therapy with estrogen and progesterone increased the hemoglobin level within a month without further evidence of active gastrointestinal bleeding. From our experience with this case, we found that the diagnosis of antral vascular ectasia (watermelon stomach) with bleeding requires a high degree of clinical alertness and careful endoscopic examination. Estrogen and progesterone therapy may provide a good option for treating the disease in uremic patients without an obvious complication. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report demonstrating the use of maintenance hormone therapy in a female uremic patient to successfully treat watermelon gastric bleeding.
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PMID:Watermelon stomach--an unusual cause of recurrent upper gastrointestinal bleeding in a uremic patient receiving estrogen-progesterone therapy: case report. 1007 34

Estrogen stimulation of myometrial cells may contribute to the development of uterine fibroids. Fibroids have more estrogen receptors than has the nearby normal myometrium. Fibroids are rare before menarche and usually regress after menopause, suggesting that growth factors affecting the growth of uterine smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts may mediate the estrogen effect. Prospective studies do not support the clinical notion that fibroids increase during pregnancy. In fact, as parity increases the risk of fibroids decreases. Early high-estrogen-dose oral contraceptives (OCs) may have contributed to the development of uterine fibroids, but as the progestogen dose increased, these OCs have been associated with a decrease in uterine fibroids (e.g., 17% reduction for every 5 years of OC use). Thus, unopposed estrogen stimulation appears to increase the risk of uterine fibroids. The presence of uterine fibroids should not be a contraindication for OC use. OCs with an adequate dose of progestogen may have a protective effect. Since Norplant implants and the injectable Depo-Provera have only a progestogen, they are not likely to increase the risk of uterine fibroid development or growth. In fact, Depo-Provera has been successfully used to treat women with fibroids suffering from menorrhagia and dysmenorrhea. IUDs can exacerbate menorrhagia, dysmenorrhea, and anemia in women with fibroids. Women with fibroids often have unusually large and distorted endometrial cavities, so an IUD may not fit the shape of the patient's uterus. No published data on pregnancy and expulsion rates in IUD users with uterine fibroids exist.
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PMID:Contraception for the woman with fibroids. Question and answer. 1228 81


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