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Query: UMLS:C0002871 (anemia)
 52,094 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The short-term effects of increasing hemoglobin concentration were evaluated at cardiac catheterization in seven children (aged 0.3 to 7.5 years) with a right to left ventricular shunt and relative anemia. Diagnoses were tetralogy of Fallot in six and L-transposition of the great vessels with ventricular septal defect and pulmonary stenosis in one. Before and 20 minutes after isovolumic partial exchange transfusion with 20 ml/kg packed red cells, the following variables were measured: hemoglobin, partial pressure of oxygen (PO2), oxygen consumption, oxygen saturation and pressure in the aorta, superior vena cava and right and left atria. After partial exchange transfusion, hemoglobin increased from 13.7 +/- 0.5 to 16.4 +/- 0.4 g/100 ml (p less than 0.001, mean +/- SEM). Aortic PO2 increased from 55.0 +/- 3.5 to 62.0 +/- 4.1 mm Hg (p less than 0.01) and aortic oxygen saturation increased from 84.3 +/- 2.3 to 90.9 +/- 1.3% (p less than 0.002). Effective pulmonary blood flow increased by 17% from 2.72 +/- 0.10 to 3.17 +/- 0.10 liters/min per m2 (p less than 0.01), and right to left shunt decreased by 59% from 1.44 +/- 0.29 to 0.59 +/- 0.10 liters/min per m2 (p less than 0.01). Systemic oxygen transport increased from 658 +/- 48 to 738 +/- 46 ml/min per m2 (p less than 0.002). After partial exchange transfusion, systemic vascular resistance increased from 15.9 +/- 1.1 to 20.0 +/- 1.4 units (p less than 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
J Am Coll Cardiol 1985 Feb
PMID:Acute hemodynamic effects of increasing hemoglobin concentration in children with a right to left ventricular shunt and relative anemia. 396 19

Cardiac performance was studied by radionuclide angiography at rest and during exercise in 22 adolescents with sickle cell (SC) anemia and the results were compared with those in 12 control subjects. At rest, cardiac contractility was normal; cardiac output and end-diastolic volume were increased. At maximal exercise, heart rate, cardiac output response, and work capacity were reduced; the reduction was related to the degree of anemia. Left ventricular end-diastolic volume decreased with exercise most markedly in patients with ischemic exercise electrocardiograms. An abnormal ejection fraction response to exercise occurred in 4 patients; electrocardiographic signs of ischemia developed in all 4, and wall motion abnormalities in 2. Those patients who had electrocardiographic signs of ischemia had a significantly lower heart rate, ejection fraction, and cardiac output response to exercise, and a lower hematocrit level than subjects with normal results on exercise electrocardiography. The increase in cardiac output was not sufficient to maintain a normal level of exercise. The decrease in end-diastolic volume suggests that diastolic function was abnormal during exercise. Cardiac dysfunction was manifested by an abnormal ejection fraction response, wall motion abnormalities, and incomplete left ventricular filling during exercise.
Am J Cardiol 1983 Feb
PMID:Exercise-induced cardiac dysfunction in sickle cell anemia. A radionuclide study. 621 49

The enhanced left ventricular (LV) performance observed in anemia has been attributed to changes in preload and afterload. Whether there is a concomitant increase in contractility is controversial. Seventeen patients with chronic anemia (hematocrit range 17 to 30%) and 17 control subjects, matched by age and sex, were studied. In 10 patients and 10 control subjects (group I), a noninvasive evaluation of LV function through M-mode echocardiography and cuff blood pressure recording was performed. In patients with anemia, stroke volume increased 43% (p less than 0.01), fractional shortening 21% (p less than 0.001), and mean rate of circumferential shortening 32% (p less than 0.001). In patients with anemia, end-systolic stress decrease 27% (p less than 0.05) and diastolic blood pressure 21% (p less than 0.001). The effect of serum from these patients and control subjects on the development of isometric tension by isolated cat papillary muscles was assessed compared with the basal (Ringer-Locke bath) values. Anemia serum increased maximal developed tension 21% and maximal rate of tension development 20% relative to basal levels. These changes were significantly higher (p less than 0.001) than the increases produced by control serum (8% and 7%, respectively). In the 7 patients with anemia in group II and their matched controls, the in vitro isometric tension characteristics were assessed before and after blocking beta adrenoreceptors with propranolol, 10(-6) M. The observed increase in the developed tension persisted after beta blockade, as well as the enhancement of the maximal rate of tension development. Plasma catecholamine levels in this group II were within the normal range.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Am J Cardiol 1984 Sep 01
PMID:Left ventricular function in chronic anemia: evidence of noncatecholamine positive inotropic factor in the serum. 647 86

To determine the effects of cardiac tamponade on myocardial blood flow and its distribution, dogs were prepared with indwelling pericardial catheters. Hemodynamic, myocardial blood flow, and myocardial metabolic data were collected in 5 closed-chest, spontaneously breathing animals with normal blood volumes and hemoglobin concentrations and 6 with acute anemia. Instillation of an average of 89.0 +/- 14.9 ml of modified Normosol into the pericardial space in dogs with normal hemoglobin levels produced mild tamponade with a modest decline in aortic pressure (119.5 +/- 14.3 to 96.8 +/- 12.1 mm Hg) and significant rises in left and right atrial and pericardial pressures to 7-8 mm Hg. Increasing the pericardial volume to 124.0 +/- 13.6 ml produced hypotension (mean aortic pressure 86.2 +/- 10.5 mm Hg) and rises in the left and right ventricular filling pressures and pericardial pressure to 10-11 mm Hg. Total myocardial blood flow fell from 1.19 +/- 0.18 to 0.73 +/- 0.17 ml/min/g (p less than 0.02) during mild tamponade, and fell further to 0.56 +/- 0.17 ml/min/g (p less than 0.05) with more severe tamponade. Despite these declines, the left ventricular wall inner/outer flow ratio and left ventricular flow as a proportion of total cardiac output were unchanged. In dogs with anemia more severe tamponade was created, with consequently more marked hemodynamic abnormalities. However, the relative changes in myocardial blood flow and inner/outer flow ratio were similar. Myocardial metabolic parameters could be evaluated only in the dogs with less severe tamponade.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Basic Res Cardiol
PMID:Cardiac tamponade in dogs with normal coronary arteries. II. Myocardial flow and metabolism with moderate and severe hemodynamic impairment. 650 12

Left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) function were evaluated at rest and during exercise using radionuclide ventriculography in 10 patients, aged 19-53 years, with sickle-cell anemia (SCA). Seven patients were in New York Heart Association functional class I and 3 were in class II. The resting LV ejection fraction (EF) was normal in 9 patients and the resting RVEF was normal in 4. LV dilation and high cardiac output were observed in 6 patients at rest. The LVEF during exercise was normal in all 10 patients, whereas only 2 patients had normal RVEF at rest and during exercise. The LVEF was lower in patients with SCA at rest (54 +/- 4% versus 61 +/- 6%, p less than 0.001) and exercise (66 +/- 4% versus 74 +/- 6%, p less than 0.001) than in 42 age-matched normal subjects. Rest thallium-201 images from 9 patients showed abnormal RV uptake in 8 and normal LV uptake in 8. Thus, in adult patients with SCA, LV function was normal during exercise in all patients and at rest in all but 1 patient. The LVEF, however, was lower than that in age-matched normal subjects. RV function was abnormal in most patients at rest and during exercise. RV thallium-201 uptake suggested pressure or volume overload (or both), most likely due to pulmonary vaso-occlusive complications of the disease.
Am J Cardiol 1983 Sep 01
PMID:Biventricular function in sickle-cell anemia: radionuclide angiographic and thallium-201 scintigraphic evaluation. 661 82

Electrocardiographic studies in patients with sickle-cell anemia have been performed during the normal resting state with routine twelve-lead ECGs. We studied 30 patients with sickle-cell disease in acute crisis with 24-hour continuous electrocardiographic monitoring. The standard ECG demonstrated a high incidence of abnormalities, but only three patients had arrhythmias. These findings contrasted sharply with the results of continuous monitoring, during which arrhythmias were detected in 24 of 30 patients. They were fairly evenly split between atrial (60%) and ventricular (67%). Nine of the patients had "complex arrhythmias" including two with episodes of ventricular tachycardia. Seventeen patients subsequently underwent equilibrium gated-blood pool scans. Eight patients had abnormal contractility and tended to have more arrhythmias on monitoring than those with normal contractility. Thus, continuous electrocardiographic monitoring of sickle-cell patients during crisis revealed a higher incidence of arrhythmias than previously thought.
Clin Cardiol 1983 Jul
PMID:Continuous electrocardiographic monitoring in patients with sickle-cell anemia during pain crisis. 688 28

An 83-year-old woman was found unconscious several hours after she had fallen and fractured her lower limbs in a very cold cellar. On admission she was in shock and had metabolic acidosis, anemia and hypokalemia; her axillary and rectal temperature was 23 degrees C. Her initial ECG showed atrial fibrillation with slow ventricular response and a prominent J wave on the left precordial leads. These changes reverted to normal when body temperature returned to 37 degrees C. Moreover a transient, hypothermia-associated increase of QRS voltage was noted.
G Ital Cardiol 1982
PMID:[Electrocardiographic changes in accidental hypothermia]. 717 40

In 208 selected cases of sudden coronary death (SD) and in 97 normal subjects dying from accident (AD) the intramural arterial vessels have been studied. In only one instance a unique "atheromatous" embolus was found. Arterial platelet aggregates (AP) were seen in 70% of SD and 76% of AD cases. The average number of arteria vessels with AP per section was 2.2 in SD and 2.5 in AD group (the range was 1 to 15 vessels). No correlation was found with the type of blood stasis and with a longer survival time. The conclusion is that AP are a secondary, terminal, non pathogenic phenomenon. This was documented by the findings in 39 cases of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. In the latter, despite severe platelet sequestration and aggregation associated to other severely ischemic or hypoxic factors (obstructive microangiopathy, anemia, hemorrhagic diathesis, convulsive neurologic disorders) no evidence of coronary heart disease was shown. Other pathologic findings were "stenosing myo-fibrous medial hyperplasia" and more rarely intimal thickening, perivascular fibrosis and subintimal nodular hyalinosis. No one of these conditions predominated in SD cases. The conclusion is that the diseases of the small coronary arteries do not play any role in the nautral history of sudden coronary death.
G Ital Cardiol 1980
PMID:[Morphology, frequency and significance of intramural arterial lesions in sudden coronary death (author's transl)]. 746 12

Cardiovascular diseases remain the leading cause of death in ESRF patients. Coronary risk factors such as hypertension and lipid abnormalities are prevalent in the dialysis population and may be difficult to control. Special factors contributing to the imbalance between myocardial oxygen supply and demand include anemia, arteriovenous fistula, and the hemodialysis procedure itself. LVH and left ventricular dilation frequently result in symptomatic CHF. Atrial and ventricular arrhythmias are common; pericarditis may also occur. Control of the extracellular fluid volume through ultrafiltration with dialysis and the dietary avoidance of salt and water is critical to controlling hypertension in the dialysis population. The potential for drug side effects and the altered pharmacokinetics of medications in renal failure patients should be considered when prescribing cardiovascular drugs.
Cardiol Clin 1995 May
PMID:Cardiac disease in patients with end-stage renal disease. 761 11

We report two cases presented with a clinical picture of acute myocardial ischemia, chest pain and giant negative T waves on electrocardiogram (absent in previous tracings). The echocardiogram B-Mode showed in both cases an asymmetric left ventricular hypertrophy caused, respectively, by hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and hypertensive heart disease. Short-term electrocardiographic evolution to complete normalization was observed in both cases. The echo-dipyridamole test did not show dissynergias and this fact suggested the absence of coronary artery disease; this hypothesis was confirmed by a normal coronary angiography. We suppose that in both patients a few factors contributed to the ischemic events: respectively an acute anemia due to gastric bleeding and high blood pressure values. This clinical presentation is an example of a difficult differential diagnostic problem between left ventricular hypertrophy and acute myocardial ischemia, as it shows that giant negative T waves in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy do not necessarily depend on left myocardial hypertrophy involving the apex or other segments but may be associated to an acute myocardial ischemia related or not to a coronary artery disease. A correct evaluation of these clinical cases is important for clinical, therapeutic and prognostic implications.
G Ital Cardiol 1995 Mar
PMID:[Acute ischemia in myocardial hypertrophy: a report of 2 clinical cases]. 764 41


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