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Query: UMLS:C0002871 (anemia)
 52,094 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The function of phenylhydrazine (PHZ) hemolysis in ameliorating the anemia induced in mice by a slow-acting strain of Rauscher leukemia virus (RLV-A) was described. After cessation of treatment with PHZ, mid-stage RLV-A-infected, anemic mice responded with massive reticulocytoses and a rebound in hematocrit above control levels. RLV-infected mice, subjected to PHZ-induced hemolysis or phlebotomy, produced high levels of plasma erythropoietin (Ep); this suggested that Ep mediated the PHZ-induced differentiation. In addition, administration of exogenous Ep induced a wave of erythroid maturation in RLV-infected anemic mice, which indicated that virus-infected erythroid precursors could still respond to the hormone governing normal differentiation.
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PMID:Stimulation of erythropoietic differentiation in BALB/c mice infected with Rauscher leukemia virus. 120 43

The response of bone marrow to erythropoietin (EPO) from five children with the Diamond-Blackfan syndrome, also known as congenital hypoplastic anaemia (CHA), was tested in tissue culture by measurement of haem synthesis. Studies of 13 control marrows indicated that the maximum EPO effect occurred at approximately 70 h incubation using an EPO concentration of 0.2-0.3 units/ml and a nucleated cell concentration of 5 x 10(6) per culture. Under these conditions, haem synthesis was 121% greater in EPO-stimulated than in unstimulated cultures. Patients with CHA with anaemia and diminished marrow erythroids had reduced or absent haem synthesis. In one patient, haem production became normal after a spontaneous remission, and was not inhibited by autologous plasma drawn at the time of diagnosis. Plasma from three patients did not show inhibitory activity when cultured with control marrow. In contrast, plasma from an adult with acquired pure red cell aplasia produced striking inhibition of haem synthesis when cultured with control marrow. We conclude that, in comparison to some cases of the adult acquired condition, CHA is not due to inhibitors or antibodies. When present, erythroid precursors in children with CHA are capable of responding normally to EPO with increased haem synthesis.
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PMID:Haem synthesis in the Diamond-Blackfan syndrome. 123 7

Anemia developing during the course of chronic renal disease is a frequent complication often necessitating periodic transfusion therapy. A number of etiologic factors have been implicated, including decreased production of erythropoietin; decreased erythrocyte life span secondary to uremia and splenomegaly; increased bleeding tendency due to platelet dysfunction; and acquired lack of folic acid and iron. This paper concerns the problem of acquired hypochromic, microcytic anemia secondary to heavy urinary loss of iron and transferrin in a child with the nephrotic syndrome. The patient had microcytic, hypochromic anemia with serum iron, 12 mug. per dl. and a serum iron-binding capacity of 12 mug. per dl. There was no evidence of major bleeding resulting in a chronic hemorrhagic anemia. Urinary iron was 64 mug. per dl., with a urinary iron-binding capacity of 366 mug. per dl. Renal biopsy showed mesangio-proliferative glomerulonephritis. Evaluation of any patient with the nephrotic syndrome should include careful analysis of the various serum and urinary proteins and determination of serum and urinary iron and iron-binding capacity. This information would offer a more precise evaluation of the underlying cause of anemia in the nephrotic patient who may develop urinary loss of iron and transferrin and subsequent hypochromic, microcytic anemia.
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PMID:Transferrin loss into the urine with hypochromic, microcytic anemia. 124 90

Four children with congenital hypoplastic anemia (Diamond-Blackfan syndrome) and 30 control children with normal erythropoiesis were studied by a cell culture method in which human marrow, grown in a plasma clot, responds to added erythropoietin (EPO) with the appearance of discrete colonies of nucleated erythroid cells. The colonies arise from EPO-responsive stem cells and are not related to the number of morphologically identifiable marrow erythroids plated. Results of studies on control marrow indicated that without EPO there was little or no colony formation. Increasing EPO doses or nucleated marrow cells per culture resulted in a linear increase in colony numbers. The optimal EPO concentration of 2.5 U/ml yielded a mean of 158 +/- 79 colonies/1 x 10(5) nucleated cells on day 7 of incubation. Even in the absence of recognizable erythroids, marrows of all four patients with anemia grew erythroid colonies. Two patients on no therapy had decreased colony numbers. The other two, on prednisone, had normal numbers. Sera from patients did not inhibit colony formation from either autologous or control marrow. In contrast, serum from an adult with acquired pure red cell aplasia produced striking inhibition of colony growth. It appears that the red cell failure in this disorder is not due to an absence of erythroid stem cells, and a serum inhibitor to erythropoiesis as seen in the acquired disease is unlikely.
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PMID:Erythroid colony growth in congenital hypoplastic anemia. 124 3

The presence of a serum factor in chronic renal failure (CRF) which inhibits erythropoietin-stimulated erythropoiesis was studied, using a technique in which dog marrow cells were stimulated to produce heme in the presence of human serum. In the total series comparing 27 normal sera with 52 CRF sera, less heme was synthesized when the system contained CRF sera (total series, p = 0.0001). There was no evidence of inhibition of heme synthesis by serum from 12 patients with the anemia of chronic diseases (CD). Mixing experiments with normal and CRF sera suggested that this defect in CRF serum was not due to lack of a factor necessary for heme synthesis. Addition of urea, creatinine, and guanidinosuccinic acid to normal serum did not impair its ability to support erythropoiesis in this system. These data demonstrated that serum from patients with CRF contains a material inhibiting erythropoiesis in vitro, We propose that the material is responsible, in part, for the clinically severe anemia seen in these patients.
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PMID:The anemia of chronic renal failure and chronic diseases: in vitro studies of erythropoiesis. 126 Jan 20

The purpose of this study was to examine a mechanism which might explain the diminished erythropoiesis that occurs when tumor cells invade the bone marrow (myelophthisic anemia). To this end we compared 21 patients with neoplastic bone marrow invasion with seven normal subjects. When erythropoietin was added to bone marrow cell cultures from the normal subjects, the baseline rate of heme synthesis for a specific number of marrow erythroid cells increased 65%. In contrast, in patients with greater than 60% of the marrow replaced by tumor, the marrow cell culture response to erythropoietin was 14% above baseline. A significant inverse correlation was noted between the degree of marrow infiltration with tumor and the stimulation of heme synthesis with erythropoietin. It is proposed that marrow invasion with tumor may result in decreased marrow response to erythropoietin, and hence, diminished red cell production.
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PMID:Diminished bone marrow responsiveness to erythropoietin in myelophthisic anemia. 126 Jun 53

Sera of 25 healthy controls and 75 patients suffering from myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) were investigated for serum concentration of interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1 alpha), IL-3, IL-6, granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), granulocyte-macrophage-CSF (GM-CSF), erythropoietin (Epo), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). According to French-American-British (FAB) classification, 21 refractory anemia (RA), seven refractory anemia with ring sideroblasts (RARS), 15 chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML), 12 refractory anemia with excess of blasts (RAEB), and 20 RAEB in transformation (RAEBt) were examined. TNF-alpha levels were inversely correlated with lower levels of hemoglobin concentration (r = -0.31, p = 0.005), irrespective of the requirements for transfusion in anemic MDS patients. Significant differences in TNF-alpha levels between CMML (26.2 +/- 5.9 pg/ml) and the FAB subgroups (16.1 +/- 1.6 pg/ml) were detected. There was an overall inverse relationship between the level of erythropoietin and the degree of anemia, but a wide range of Epo response between patients with similar hemoglobin concentrations. Serum levels of IL-1 alpha and GM-CSF were undetected in most of the patients. In 57% of the samples there were detectable levels of G-CSF, without a correlation of the serum levels with blood cell counts, nor with any of the FAB subcategories. Overall, 29% and 25% of the patient sera exhibited elevated IL-3 and IL-6 levels, respectively. There was no correlation of the serum levels with any of the blood counts, other cytokines, nor FAB subcategories. In conclusion, simple negative feedback mechanism between a specific cytokine and the production of blood cells seems not to be the case in MDS, except for red cell production and erythropoietin concentration. Our data may suggest the involvement of TNF-alpha in the pathogenesis of anemia in MDS.
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PMID:Measurement of serum cytokine levels in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes. 128 Jul 51

Hypertension is the main side effect developing in patients suffering from renal anemia who are treated with recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO). We investigated the effect of rhEPO on the vascular tone of rabbit aorta. rhEPO had no direct vasoconstrictor effect, but it enhanced norepinephrine (NE)-induced contractions of rabbit aortic rings. Relaxations to acetylcholine (ACh, 1 microM) were unaltered in the presence or absence of rhEPO, indicating that the endothelium-dependent NO pathway was not affected by rhEPO. In rings of human renal artery and rabbit aorta, rhEPO (200 U/ml) increased the synthesis of constrictor prostanoids. The cyclooxygenase inhibitors indomethacin and aspirin abolished the increase in prostanoid production. However, they did not completely suppress the rhEPO-induced enhancement of NE contractions in rabbit aorta. We further investigated the effect of rhEPO on prostanoid and endothelin-1 synthesis in cultured human endothelial cells. Endothelial cells from human umbilical veins (HUVEC) were isolated and cultured. After incubation with rhEPO, the formation of prostaglandin (PG) I2 (analyzed as its stable metabolite 6-keto-PGF1 alpha), PGF2 alpha, PGE2, thromboxane (Tx) B2, and of endothelin-1 (ET-1) was measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA). rhEPO (200 U/ml) increased the formation of PGF2 alpha and TxB2 and decreased the formation of PGI2 in HUVEC. The release of ET-1 was increased by nearly 90% in the presence of rhEPO (200 U/ml). We conclude that a shift in the balance of constrictor and relaxing prostanoids as well as an increased synthesis of ET-1 may contribute to the hypertensive side effect of rhEPO therapy. ET-1 may at least in part be responsible for the unexpectedly low inhibitory effect of indomethacin on rhEPO-enhanced contractions of rabbit aorta.
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PMID:Endothelin release and shift in prostaglandin balance are involved in the modulation of vascular tone by recombinant erythropoietin. 128 78

Serial serum erythropoietin (EPO) levels were measured in 12 adult lung cancer patients during cancer chemotherapy. In major cases, EPO levels increased significantly after chemotherapy while the hemoglobin (Hb) remained at initial levels. EPO fell gradually or rapidly to initial levels after a peak, although the patients were anemic. The increase of EPO levels was linearly related to the decrease in Hb (y = 17.48x + 1.003). The mechanism of the rapid increase of EPO is not simply explained by anemia, but might be related to new synthesis, corresponding to depressed bone marrow.
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PMID:Changes in serum erythropoietin levels during chemotherapy for lung cancer. 128 70

Recombinant human erythropoietin was administered to 59 patients over 65 years of age receiving maintenance hemodialysis treatment in Kyoto and Shiga district, in order to evaluate its utility on renal anemia. After 6 months of administration, the hematocrit rose from 20.8 +/- 3.5% to 28.0 +/- 3.7% with concomitant improvement of subjective symptoms related to anemia. Twelve patients developed side effects, in 10 of whom elevation of blood pressure was observed. We found no clinically significant abnormalities in the laboratory data. In conclusion, recombinant human erythropoietin is highly useful in the treatment of renal anemia in elderly hemodialysis patients.
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PMID:[Utility of recombinant human erythropoietin on the anemia of elderly hemodialysis patients]. 128 37


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