Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0002871 (anemia)
 52,094 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The response of advanced prostatic cancer with metastatic chest wall tumor to high-dose diethylstilbestrol diphosphate (DESP) therapy was monitored by in vivo 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P MRS) study. A eighty-three year old man with Stage D2 prostatic cancer had been treated with chlormadinone acetate and cyclophosphamide since 1984. He was admitted to our hospital with a chest wall tumor and anemia on May 9, 1992. The elevated PAP, PSA and gamma-Sm levels were also observed. Needle biopsy of the tumor revealed poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma metastatic from the prostatic cancer. The patient received 500 mg of DESP by DIV daily for 10 days, and the tumor was reduced by 54% clinically. The abnormal PAP, PSA and gamma-Sm levels returned to almost normal range by three weeks after the initiation of high-dose DESP therapy, and regression of the tumor was confirmed by the MRI. After the first administration of DESP, the MR spectra of the chest wall tumor showed elevated peaks of phosphomonoesters and phosphodiesters. These substances are related to the membrane metabolism and their increase represents the membranous degeneration of tumor cells. The same changes continued consecuitively for three weeks, and corresponded with the regression of the tumor. In conclusion, these results suggest that in vivo 31P MRS of malignant tumors can be useful for evaluating early response to therapy prior to other clinical examinations.
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PMID:[Monitoring tumor response to therapy by means of 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy. A case of advanced prostatic cancer with metastatic chest wall tumor]. 802 47

Hormone refractory prostate carcinoma is an incurable disease. Therapy affecting the tissue matrix at the level of the cytoskeleton has been demonstrated to inhibit prostate cancer growth. In vivo and in vitro evidence demonstrated vinblastine and tamoxifen to be agents that would interact to inhibit prostate cancer growth by microtubule inhibition. This study evaluated the effectiveness of these agents in combination in 22 patients with metastatic hormone refractory prostate cancer. Patients received tamoxifen 20 mg twice daily continuously plus vinblastine 4 mg/m2 on days 1, 8, 15, 22, 28, and 35 every 49 days. Disease response was assessed after the first two cycles of therapy. No partial or complete responses were definitively identified. Only 23% of participants received two or more full cycles of therapy. Major toxicities included grade 1-3 leukopenia (73%), grade 2-3 anemia (64%), and two participants experienced a grade 3/4 thrombocytopenia. Only two participants experienced a greater than 50% decrease in serum PSA, one of which may have been attributed to a flutamide withdrawal syndrome. We conclude that the dosage and schedule of vinblastine and tamoxifen used in this study is inactive in the treatment of metastatic hormone refractory prostate cancer.
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PMID:A phase II evaluation of oral tamoxifen and intermittent intravenous vinblastine in hormone-refractory adenocarcinoma of the prostate. 882 79

Contribution of one case of prostate cancer presenting with a large abdominal mass associated to anaemia and weight loss. Serum PSA level was greater than 10,000 ng/mL. Imaging studies showed large retroperitoneal mass that led to other differential diagnoses. Biopsy revealed findings suggestive of adenocarcinoma with a distinct immunohistochemical pattern. No metastasis was evidenced in bone scan. Complete hormonal blockade resulted in significant decreased PSA levels and almost complete involution of adenopathies, as well as overall improvement.
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PMID:[Large abdominal mass: an unusual clinical form of prostate cancer]. 1060 70

In 1982, acquired idiopathic sideroblastic anaemia (AISA) was included by the French-American-British (FAB) Co-operative Group in their classification of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). However, the malignant potentiality of AISA has always been a matter of debate. In different series, median survival and rates of transformation into acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) varied extensively. On cytomorphological grounds, AISA can be divided into pure (dyserythropoietic) sideroblastic anaemia (PSA), in which dysplasia is confined to erythropoietic cells, and a true myelodysplastic form (RARS), which is characterized by additional dysplastic features of granulopoiesis and/or megakaryopoiesis. In a previous study, based on retrospective analysis of 94 patients with AISA, we found that both types of sideroblastic anaemia differed considerably in terms of survival and risk of AML transformation. Almost identical results have now been obtained through a prospective study of 232 new patients with AISA. The difference in survival between PSA and RARS remained significant over the whole period of follow-up (survival after 3 years being 77% vs. 56%; P = 0.003), and the incidence of AML did not increase with time in the PSA group, even in the long term. This prospective study strongly supported our conclusion that cytomorphological distinction between PSA and RARS provides valuable prognostic information.
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PMID:Two types of acquired idiopathic sideroblastic anaemia (AISA): a time-tested distinction. 1079 75

The partial androgen deficit of the ageing male is an essential part of the age-related changes of the endocrine system. Clinically relevant disturbances (co-) caused by a relative testosterone-deficit are: changes of body composition (increase of fat mass, decrease of lean tissue mass), decrease of muscle strength and mass, changes of the lipid profile, cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis and anemia. Controlled studies revealed a positive effect of testosterone substitution on body composition, muscle strength, bone metabolism and erythropoesis. Moreover, a protective effect on the development of coronary artery disease could be demonstrated by an improvement of the lipid profile, decrease of obesity and insulin resistance and by a direct effect on the coronary vessels. Clinically evident hypogonadism is a clear indication for testosterone-substitution also in the ageing male, whereas in the case of the partial testosterone-deficit in the absence of sufficient data at this time no general recommendation for substitution can be given; one has to decide about a (experimental) therapy in the individual patient. In every case the contraindications of a testosterone-supplementation (carcinoma of the prostate, elevated PSA-values, polyglobulia, sleep-apnea-syndrome) have to be observed, a continuous survey of the therapy, especially of the prostate is essential. A general recommendation for a substitution with dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) can not be given.
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PMID:[Androgen therapy from the viewpoint of the internal medicine physician]. 1181 54

Suramin, a polysulphonated napthylurea, has been extensively evaluated over the past 10 years as an anticancer agent, with the most interest in the treatment of prostate cancer. Early clinical results were promising with response rates of up to 70% being reported. However, a recent double-blind study showed only modest palliative effect in patients with androgen independent prostate cancer. In retrospect, it appears those initial reports failed to control for confounding variables such as antiandrogen withdrawal and hydrocortisone. Suramin causes numerous reversible toxicities (lethargy, rash, fatigue, anemia, hyperglycemia, hypocalcemia, coagulopathies, neutropenia, renal and hepatic complications). Neurotoxicity has been the most significant complication and appears to be related to the intensity of the dosing regimen. An optimal therapeutic dose has not been determined, but it is clear that adaptive controls add little benefit. Aside from moderate toxicities and the low therapeutic index in patients with prostate cancer, suramin's development has taught us some valuable lessons (i.e., anti-androgen withdrawal was noted during suramin's development, the use of PSA as an indicator of tumor burden was initiated during the evaluation of suramin). These lessons can be applied to all clinical trials in hormone refractory prostate cancer. Suramin has significantly enhanced the evolution of our knowledge in several areas of prostate cancer biology and treatment.
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PMID:Suramin's development: what did we learn? 1209 81

This was a ten-year, hospital-based retrospective study for the incidence and clinical pattern of prostate cancer in southeastern Nigeria. Clinical information extracted from the files included the TNM stage, histo-pathological grading, level of prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP), mode of presentation and clinical and biochemical response to intravenous and oral diethylstilboestrol diphosphate (Honvan)/ orchidectomy. There were 145 patients, mean age 66.6 + 9.8 years, giving an incidence of 61.3 per 10(5), with 54% under 70 years. Most patients (81.4%) presented late, with 62% metastatic. Over 98% were adenocarcinomas, 77% of which were moderate to well-differentiated cancers. PAP was elevated in 109 patients (75%), (representing 92% of all advanced tumours), and normal in 36 (25%). Forty-two percent of poorly differentiated cancers had normal levels of PAP. Most patients presented with urinary retention (56%), prostatism (44%), anaemia (41%), recurrent UTI (35%), bone pains (20%), haematuria (18%), backache (16%) and paraplegia (6%). Nearly 79% responded to treatment with lowered PAP levels and improved quality of life, within a mean of 26.3+/-13.8 months (range 5-78); objective 81 (58%), subjective 32 (23%), no response 27 (19%). Among paraplegics, 78% had full, and 22% had partial motor recovery. Patients with poorly differentiated cancers had only a 33% two-year survival rate. This study confirmed an upward, though moderate trend in the incidence of prostate cancer in Nigeria. The use of PAP instead of PSA as the tumor marker, a local diet with high fish content but lower animal fat, and poor hospital access may account for the lower incidence in the southeast. Poor health education may account for the high rate of late presentations.
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PMID:The changing pattern of prostate cancer in Nigerians: current status in the southeastern states. 1212 88

A phase II trial of vinorelbine and low dose prednisone in hormone-refractory metastatic prostate cancer was conducted in order to investigate its safety, efficacy and impact on quality of life. Vinorelbine was administered at the dose of 25 mg/m(2) i.v. weekly for 12 weeks and then biweekly, along with 10 mg of daily oral prednisone until time of progression. Fourteen patients, median age of 74 years, were treated. The treatment was generally well tolerated with leukopenia and anemia as the major side effects. One patient achieved partial remission and eleven remained with stable disease. One of the eleven patients with stable disease had a dramatic PSA response from 1000 to 236 ng/ml; seven of these progressed after week twelve when vinorelbine was given biweekly. PSA response occurred in 5 of 14 patients. The median time to progression was 28 weeks and the median survival was 17 months. Nine out of the 14 accrued patients were evaluable for quality of life assessment. Five of them improved, three remained unchanged and two had a slight worsening. Four patients had improvement in pain control and fatigue. Our preliminary data suggest that the combination of vinorelbine/prednisone has modest activity in metastatic prostate cancer with a very favorable toxicity profile and is very well tolerated in this group of elderly patients.
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PMID:Phase II study of vinorelbine with low dose prednisone in the treatment of hormone-refractory metastatic prostate cancer. 1279 40

Seventeen patients were given lower dose and intermittent oral administration of estramustine phosphate (6 mg/kg/day) and etoposide (30 mg/m2/day) for 7 days. Then administration was discontinued for 7 days. This administration cycle was repeated. Therapy was continued until evidence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity occurred. Fifteen of the 17 patients were finally evaluated for PSA response. Overall, the pretreatment PSA levels were lowered at least 50% from baseline in 7 (47%) of the 15 patients. The median survival was 65 weeks. Five of the 17 patients complained of anorexia or nausea during the treatment, but none of them showed over grade 2 anorexia, none requiring transfusion or hospitalization. None of the patients showed edema, deep venous thrombosis, thrombocytopenia, anemia or myocardial infarction. Because of its rare and mild adverse effects, this intermittent administration of oral estramustine and oral etoposide may be a useful and secure regimen for hormone refractory prostate cancer.
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PMID:[Intermittent oral hormonal chemotherapy using estramustine phosphate and etoposide for the treatment of hormone-refractory prostate cancer]. 1497 52

JM-216 is an orally bioavailable platinum compound with activity against many tumor models. The objective of this study was to determine the safety profile and anti-tumor activity of JM-216 in patients with hormone refractory prostate cancer (HRPC) when given orally daily x 5 days. In this open label phase II study JM-216 was administered orally at the dose of 120 mg/m2/d for 5 days every 4 weeks. Patients continued on the therapy until evidence of disease progression or intolerable toxicity developed. Dose escalation and de-escalation were allowed according to patient's tolerance. Thirty-nine patients were enrolled onto the study and received a total of 155 courses (median 2, range 1-16) of JM-216. Dose delays (77% of courses) and dose reductions (31% of courses) were common and were mainly due to myelosupression. Treatment was discontinued in 5 patients due to treatment related toxicities. One patient developed myelodysplastic syndrome 11 months after the start of treatment. The most frequent grade III or higher adverse events included thrombocytopenia (54%), neutropenia (52%), anemia (24%) nausea (13%), vomiting (16%) and diarrhea (28%). PSA response was assessed in 32 patients, 10 (26%) had partial response, 14 (36%) had stable disease while PSA progression was seen in 8 (21%) patients. Of 20 (54%) patients with measurable disease two patients had a documented partial response. Although JM-216 had moderate activity in HRPC when given on daily basis for 5 days, it is associated with significant treatment related toxicities in this patient population.
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PMID:Phase II study of oral bis (aceto) ammine dichloro (cyclohexamine) platinum (IV) (JM-216, BMS-182751) given daily x 5 in hormone refractory prostate cancer (HRPC). 1552 84


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