Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0002871 (anemia)
 52,094 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 7-year-old neutered female English Setter presented with syncope, anemia, and weight loss. Clinical examination revealed a systolic murmur and echocardiography demonstrated a mass on the pulmonic valve. Postmortem examination confirmed the presence of a pulmonic valve mass that extended along the pulmonary trunk and into the left pulmonary artery. Multiple pale nodules were observed in the right lung. Microscopic examinations of the pulmonary artery mass and the lung nodules revealed a pleomorphic population of spindle cells often arranged in broad bands containing strap-like nuclei and eosinophilic cytoplasm devoid of cross striations. The neoplastic cells expressed vimentin and alpha-smooth muscle actin but did not express desmin, CD31, factor VIII, or S100. The presentation, histological features, immunocytochemical profiles, and behavior of this tumor were indicative of a primary pulmonary artery leiomyosarcoma with lung metastasis.
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PMID:Primary pulmonary artery leiomyosarcoma in an adult dog. 1110 58

Malignant mesothelioma of the peritoneum is a rare tumor that must be distinguished from the more common primary peritoneal serous epithelial neoplasms. We report a case of a 66-year-old female presenting with weight loss, anemia, and a large pelvic mass on ultrasound. At laparotomy a large (9 x 6.5 x 3.5 cm) mass in the anatomical position of the uterus was found in the minor pelvis. The uterus, tubes and ovaries could not be identified. Palpable paraaortic lymph nodes and liver nodules were found. Immunohistochemically the tumor cells were positive for cytokeratin, epithelial membrane antigen and vimentin-CEA, but S-100 protein and Leu-M1 were negative. Remnants of the uterine corpus, fallopian tubes and ovaries could not be identified. The overall features were best regarded as malignant peritoneal mesothelioma. There have been reports of mesotheliomas involving the uterus. However, this is the first reported case of mesothelioma causing total replacement of the uterus.
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PMID:Replacement of the uterus by malignant mesothelioma of the peritoneum: a case report. 1150 80

The term "chordoid meningioma" means meningioma, which is pathologically similar to chordoma, and previously reported that rarely associated with microcytic anemia and/or dysgammaglobulinemia especially in pediatric population. We present a case of this rare variant, which comprises less than 0.5% of all meningiomas. A 33-yr-old man visited our hospital, complaining visual field defect worsening over 7 yr. Neurological examination showed left homonymous hemianopsia. The brain magnetic resonance imaging revealed well enhancing right temporo-occipital mass with cystic portion. Histopathologic findings of resected tumor were compatible with chordoid meningioma which included trabeculae of eosinophilic, vacuolated cells in a myxoid matrix with prominent lymphoplasmacellular infiltration. The neoplastic cells were positive for vimentin and epithelial membrane antigen and negative for glial fibrillary acidic protein and cytokeratin. This is an adult case of chordoid meningioma without anemia or dysgammaglobulinemia.
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PMID:Chordoid meningioma: a case report. 1455 38

A 69-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital with fever and abdominal pain in the epigastric region. Abdominal ultrasonography demonstrated a well-defined hypoechoic mass in the epigastric region with encasement of the left hepatic lobe and stomach. Computed tomography confirmed a low-density mass, 20 cm in diameter, with enhancing peripheral areas. Angiography revealed the tumor to be hypovascular. After admission, the patient had a persistent fever and anemia that required transfusions of concentrated red blood cells. On the twelfth day after admission, she suffered disseminated intravascular coagulation and underwent an emergency operation. A lateral segmentectomy with dissection of lymph nodes, cholecystectomy, and hemigastrectomy were carried out. The size of the tumor was 22 x 17 x 15 cm. Macroscopically, a cross-section revealed massive necrosis with hemorrhage. Histological examination of the tumor showed a malignant neoplasm with a carcinomatous component and a sarcomatous component, which were partly intermingled. The former consisted of moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma, while the latter consisted of pleomorphic spindle cells. Immunohistochemical examination of the sarcomatous component showed positive staining for vimentin, epithelial membrane antigen, and cytokeratin. The tumor was diagnosed as cholangiocarcinoma with extensive sarcomatous changes, based on these histological and immunohistochemical findings. The patient had an uneventful postoperative course. However, she died 3 months after surgery from dissemination of the carcinoma. The literature on this rare disease is reviewed and discussed.
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PMID:Intrahepatic sarcomatoid cholangiocarcinoma. 1467 30

Ewing's sarcomas account for 6.8% of all primary malignant bone tumors and are probably a neurogenic, undifferentiated, high-grade malignancy, which usually affects the bones of children 5-15 years of age. Pain and swelling are the most common symptoms. Increase of CRP and erythrocyte sedimentation rate, leucocytosis, and anemia are frequently seen. Radiologically, they show permeative bone destruction on plain radiographs. When arising in the diaphysis of long bones, laminated, "onion-skin" periosteal reaction is seen. The tumor shows muscle density on CT, iso-signal intensity on T1-weighted MR images, and high signal intensity on T2-weighted MR images. Intramedullary invasion and skip lesions can be detected on MR images. Histologically, the tumor is uniformly composed of sheets of small round cells closely packed and without any matrix product. Glycogen granules are demonstrated in the cytoplasm by periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) and diastase reactions. Immunohistochemically, Ewing's sarcomas are positive for vimentin and MIC-2 gene product (CD99). Reciprocal translocation, i.e., t(11;22) (q24;q12), is seen in the tumor cells. EWS/FLI-1 fusion gene can be demonstrated, which can be a complementary method in diagnosing this tumor. Because Ewing's sarcomas are chemosensitive and radiosensitive, they are treated by a combination of chemotherapy, surgery, and radiotherapy. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy consists of preoperative chemotherapy and postoperative chemotherapy. Preoperative chemotherapy aims at eradicating distant micrometastasis, reducing the primary tumor volume, and evaluating the efficacy of the chemotherapeutic agents. Surgery is performed as a local treatment by excising the tumor using the wide procedure. If surgery is impractical, curative radiotherapy is performed instead of excision. When surgery is performed without complete wide procedure, adjuvant radiotherapy is carried out to eradicate the residual tumor cells. Postoperative chemotherapy aims to eradicate the distant micrometastasis. Recently, myeloablative, high-dose chemotherapy followed by autologous bone marrow transplantation is being attempted for poor-prognosis patients and good results have been reported.
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PMID:[Ewing's sarcoma]. 1504 38

Primary pulmonary artery sarcomas (PASs) are rare and lethal tumors. They are easily misdiagnosed as chronic pulmonary embolism, mediastinal mass or tumor emboli, which delay a proper treatment. Although the advanced technologies are now increasingly being used, their diagnosis is usually hard to establish preoperatively at the present time. We report here a case of a 68-year-old female with PAS with lung metastases, who firstly presented with symptoms of common cold and anemia. Although a PAS had been suspected, the final diagnosis of pulmonary intimal sarcoma was made only postoperatively by histological and immunohistochemical examination. The patient died 8 months after the operation because of tumor growth progression, despite adjuvant chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Although pulmonary intimal sarcomas are usually of poorly differentiated mesenchymal malignancy, most reported cases are immunohistochemically positive for vimentin, alpha-smooth muscle actin (SMA), and/or desmin, therefore resembling leiomyosarcomas. However, the diagnosis of leiomyosarcoma should not be made on the basis of immunostains in the absence of typical morphologic features, and PAS, like the present case, should be more appropriately classified as intimal sarcoma according to the new WHO Classification of Tumours of Soft Tissue and Bone published in 2002.
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PMID:Intimal sarcoma of the pulmonary artery: report of an autopsy case. 1613 54

Renal carcinoid tumors are exceedingly rare tumors that have been primarily documented as case reports in the literature. In this study, we report a series of 21 renal carcinoid tumors, with emphasis on histopathologic features and clinical outcomes. Patient age ranged from 27 to 78 years (average 52 y). The majority of specimens consisted of radical nephrectomies with or without associated lymph node dissection. Nine tumors were present in the left kidney and 10 were present in the right; location was not available for 2 specimens. No anatomic region of the kidney appeared to be preferentially involved. Twenty tumors were unifocal and ranged in size from 2.6 to 17 cm (average 6.4 cm), and 1 tumor presented as 2 nodules measuring 1 and 2.8 cm. Four patients had a documented history of a horseshoe kidney. Two patients had a history of renal calculi and 1 patient had a history of urothelial carcinoma 8 years prior. Presenting symptoms and clinical findings included back or flank pain (n=6/9), enlarging abdominal mass or fullness (n=2/9), hematuria (n=2/9), and anemia (n=1/9). Twelve patients had concurrent metastases at the time of initial surgery to sites including lymph nodes (n=11/12), liver (n=5/12), bone (n=1/12), and lung (n=1/12). One additional patient developed subsequent metastases to the liver within 6 months of surgery. Examination of the specimens identified carcinoid tumor with a variety of patterns including tightly packed cords and trabeculae with minimal stroma (n=17/21), trabecular growth with prominent stroma (n=4/21), focal solid nests (n=4/21), focal glandlike lumina (n=4/21). The border between tumor and normal kidney was sharply defined in most cases (n=16/21), although focal infiltration was noted in 5/21 cases. Extracapsular extension was documented in 11/21 (52%) cases. Calcifications were present in 5/21 cases. Mitotic activity, measured as mitoses per 10 high-power fields, ranged from 0 to 2 in most cases, with 1 case demonstrating up to 4 mitotic figures per single high-power field. Necrosis was absent in all cases. Immunostains were frequently positive for synaptophysin (n=18/20), chromogranin (n=13/20), Cam5.2 (n=14/16), and vimentin (n=12/15). CK7 was focally positive in a small subset of cases (n=3/18) and CK20 was positive in 1 case. TTF-1 and WT-1 were negative in all cases examined. Clinical follow-up was available on 15 patients and ranged from 3 months to 11 years. One patient died of disease at 8 months after surgery and 1 patient died without disease at 11 years after surgery. Of the remaining patients, 7 patients were alive without disease and 6 patients were alive with disease. Additional metastases developed in 4 patients and included metastases to the liver and bone.
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PMID:Renal carcinoid tumor: a clinicopathologic study of 21 cases. 1789 55

Although childhood cancer treatments are yielding higher survival rates, sterility remains one of their major side effects. For prepubertal boys, there currently are no options to preserve fertility. Testicular tissue banking, together with subsequent grafting, may become a strategy in the future. In this study, prepubertal human testicular tissue was xenografted. Testicular tissue from two patients who had severe sickle-cell anemia and who needed to undergo chemotherapy and bone marrow transplantation was grafted onto the backs of six Swiss nude mice. Four months after grafting, spermatogonia could be observed by immunohistochemistry with MAGE-A4 antibodies, and Sertoli cells could be visualized by vimentin staining. Because both Sertoli cells and spermatogonia survived, tissue grafting may become a means for restoring future fertility in prepubertal male cancer patients.
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PMID:Spermatogonial survival in long-term human prepubertal xenografts. 1843 93

A 17-year-old, gelded Quarter Horse cross was found to have a large, intra-abdominal mass. Clinical signs included infrequent mild colic, weight loss, and chronic anemia. Surgery revealed a very large, discrete, hemorrhagic, multilobular mass with vascular attachments to the transverse colon, mesocolon, jejunal mesentery, and omentum; the site of origin was the transverse colon. Histologic examination demonstrated dense sheets, fascicles, palisades, and interconnecting streams of neoplastic spindle cells with lesser numbers of admixed multinucleated giant cells. Based on morphology alone, this neoplasm might have been misdiagnosed as a peripheral nerve sheath tumor because many of the morphologic features were suggestive of neural differentiation. Neoplastic cells expressed cluster of differentiation (CD)117 (c-kit), vimentin, desmin, smooth muscle actin, neuron-specific enolase, and S-100 protein and did not express cytokeratin. Based predominantly on the immunohistochemical profile, especially the CD117 positivity, this neoplasm was diagnosed as a gastrointestinal stromal tumor with both myogenic and neurogenic differentiation. The morphology and immunohistochemical profile of this neoplasm were different from published cases of equine gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Unusual aspects included the large size of this neoplasm, the neuroid rather than myxomatous morphology, the presence of multinucleated giant cells, and the expression of desmin.
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PMID:An atypical equine gastrointestinal stromal tumor. 1940 97

An undifferentiated renal tubular carcinoma was diagnosed in a juvenile male olive baboon (Papio anubis). The animal suddenly appeared depressed and refused to eat. During physical examination, a firm, palpable mass in the left abdominal area and flank pain were detected. Clinical pathology findings included mild anemia, hypoalbuminemia, hyponatremia, and mildly increased serum creatinine and urea concentrations. Radiographs revealed a large mass in the left abdominal area. Exploratory laparotomy disclosed a 10 cmx15 cm multilobulated mass involving the left kidney and adjacent organs. Because of a poor prognosis, the animal was humanely euthanized, and necropsy was performed. Tissue samples of the neoplasm were taken for histopathological examination. Immunohistochemical staining was done using vimentin, cytokeratin, S-100 protein, Ki-67, alpha-actin, and desmin-specific primary antibodies. Microscopically, elongated and irregular tubules were lined by 2 or more layers of atypical epithelial cells. Anisocytosis, anisokaryosis, and frequent mitotic figures were also observed. Following immunohistochemical staining, the cytoplasm of neoplastic cells was positive for cytokeratin, vimentin, and S-100 protein and negative for alpha-actin and desmin. Positive nuclear staining for Ki-67 was observed. The neoplasm was diagnosed as an undifferentiated renal tubular carcinoma.
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PMID:Clinical, histologic, and immunohistochemical features of an undifferentiated renal tubular carcinoma in a juvenile olive baboon (Papio anubis). 1956 6


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