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Query: UMLS:C0002871 (anemia)
 52,094 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A significant anemia develops in Buffalo rats bearing the Morris hepatoma 7777. By indiceal measurements the red blood cells (RBCs) appear to be microcytic and hypochromic. Ferrokinetic studies demonstrate a decreased uptake of iron in the bone marrow and an increased incorporation of iron in the spleens of the tumor-bearing animals. RBC survival studies indicate the presence of a hemolytic component which appears to contribute to the anemia. The RBCs from tumor-bearing animals (T-RBC) have a greatly increased fragility in sodium chloride solutions. Inspection of these T-RBCs by electron microscopy demonstrates significant echinocytosis when they are compared to normal cells. Electrophoretic separation of the hemoglobin from T-RBCs shows a pattern different from normal cells and consistent with the pattern described for hemoglobin from spleen and bone marrow. The findings are consistent with bone marrow inadequacy and an increased splenic erythropoiesis which is insufficient to maintain normal hematological values. The hypothesis is presented that the RBCs synthesized under these circumstances appear in the circulation with an "immature" hemoglobin pattern and are hemolyzed more readily. This process then contributes to the hemolytic component and development of the anemia.
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PMID:Host-tumor interactions: basis for the anemia in rats bearing the hepatoma 7777. 53 90

1. Patients with sickle-cell anaemia were unable to increase free water reabsorption (TcH2O) in response to intravenous hypertonic sodium chloride solution. 2. Ethacrynic acid caused a brisk natriuresis in patients with sickle-cell anaemia but fractional sodium excretion was lower in these patients. 3. These findings could be explained by abnormal function of the loop of Henle.
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PMID:Excretion of salt and water by patients with sickle-cell anaemia: effect of a diuretic and solute diuresis. 58 37

Over a 3-year-period 72 patients with upper digestive tract haemorrhage due to peptic ulcer were transfused exclusively with isotonic sodium chloride and glucose solutions in equal quantities. The results are compared with 69 patients treated previously in whom conventional blood transfusion regimes had been used. Transfusion therapy was combined with emergency surgery involving vagotomy and draininage, with surgical haemostasis in situ. There were no significant differences between the two groups with regard to anaesthesia, surgery and post-operative managemement. Apart from anemia, there were less early and late complications in the group not receiving blood. The amount of crystalloid solutions administered varied between 7000 ml and 19,000 ml causing a diuresis of 1000 ml to 5300 ml within the first 24 hours. The use of this transfusion regime for haemodynamic re-equilibration in upper gastro-intestinal haemorrhage due to ulcer, in cases in which haemostasis can be obtained with certainty by emergency surgery, allows transfusion of stored blood and colloid solutions to be avoided and emergency surgery to be safely undertaken at the earliest moment. The severe acute anaemia which is caused appears to create no special problems.
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PMID:Gastro-intestinal haemorrhage from peptic ulcer. An evaluation of bloodless transfusion and early surgery. 108 50

The clinical signs and changes in blood and rumen fluid, and the results of therapy are described in 35 cows suffering from bleeding abomasal ulcer. The most important pathological findings were moderate to severe anaemia with pale mucous membranes and tachycardia, dark coloured to black faeces, a disturbed general condition and anorexia. Two of the cows were slaughtered immediately. The others were treated by the transfusion of several litres of blood and the intravenous administration of a solution containing sodium chloride and glucose and other drugs such as calcium solution, vitamin K, vitamin C and metoclopramide. Two animals died in spite of the treatment and three had to be slaughtered because of the deterioration in their condition. The other 28 cows recovered within a few days and their general condition, appetite and defecation returned to normal.
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PMID:Bleeding abomasal ulcers in dairy cows. 196 99

Five-week-old male Crj:CD (SD) rats were treated with excess sodium chloride after abdominal X-irradiation. The gastric regions of the rats were irradiated with a total dose of 20 Gy given in two equal fractions separated by 3 days. After X-irradiation, animals were fed a diet containing 10% sodium chloride. Red blood cell anemia appeared 22 weeks after the last irradiation. By gross observation, the mesenteric arteries became reddish in color, and bead- or lead pipe-like nodular thickenings were present. Microscopically, these nodularly thickened mesenteric arteries showed fibrinoid necrosis with massive inflammatory infiltration including eosinophils and neutrophils. In more advanced lesions, elastica interna and externa and medial smooth muscle cells disappeared completely and were replaced by granulation tissue. In old lesions, arterial walls were markedly thickened with fibrous or fibromuscular tissue. These findings were quite similar to those of the human periarteritis nodosa. These arterial lesions could not be found in the rats with X-irradiation only, sodium chloride only, or in nontreated animals. This study demonstrates X-ray-induced, NaCl-promoted periarteritis nodosa-like lesions in rats.
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PMID:Periarteritis nodosa in rats treated with chronic excess sodium chloride (NaCl) after X-irradiation. 288 51

1. An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of the abomasal parasite, Haemonchus contortus, on the pattern of digestion and nutrient utilization in Merino sheep. There were three groups of sheep: infected with H. contortus (300 larvae/kg live weight) (n 5), sham-infected by transferring blood from the jugular vein to the abomasum, and uninfected (control) sheep (n 9) which were fed daily rations equal to amounts consumed by 'paired' animals in the two other treatment groups. A diet containing (g/kg): lucerne (medicago sativa) chaff 490, oat chaff 480, ground limestone 10, urea 10, and sodium chloride 10, was given in equal amounts at 3-h intervals. 2. Continuous intrarumen infusions (8 d) of chromium and ytterbium were made in order to measure the flow of digesta through the rumen, duodenum and ileum with 15NH4Cl included in the infusate for the final 3 d. The loss of blood into the gastrointestinal tract was measured using 51Cr-labelled erythrocytes and the rate of irreversible loss of plasma urea was measured with reference to a single intravenous injection of [14C]urea. Samples of rumen fluid were taken for analysis of volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations. 3. The infected and sham-infected sheep developed severe anaemia during the period over which digestion and metabolism measurements were made (packed cell volume 0.118 (SE 0.0042) and 0.146 (SE 0.0073) respectively). The corresponding rates of blood loss into the gastrointestinal tracts were 253 (SE 23) and 145 (SE 17) ml/d. 4. The proportions of VFA in rumen fluid were altered (P less than 0.05) in the infected group with a decrease in the ratio, acetate: propionate (control 3.28, infected 2.58, standard error of difference (SED) 0.21). There was also an increase in rumen fluid outflow rate (P less than 0.01) from 4.05 litres/d in the control group to 5.53 litres/d in the infected group (SED 0.43). Water intake was higher (P less than 0.05) in the infected than in the control animals (2.25 and 5. There was a decrease (P less than 0.05) in apparent digestion of organic 5. There was a decrease (P less than 0.05) in apparent digestion of organic matter in the forestomachs of infected sheep (0.32 compared with 0.39 in the control, SED 0.02). There was also a decrease (P less than 0.05) in the apparent digestion of organic matter across the whole digestive tract (0.65 control, 0.61 infected, SED 0.013).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:The effect of haemonchosis and blood loss into the abomasum on digestion in sheep. 325 84

Blood pressures of 25 stable end-stage renal disease patients with chronic anemia (mean hemoglobin 5.9 g/dL) who had received 2 units of packed red cells during hemodialysis were studied. Three treatments preceding and three following the transfusion dialysis were compared. Twenty-eight hypotensive episodes preceded and 12 followed transfusion (P = .02). Intravenous sodium chloride used for hypotension declined from a mean of 20.4 to 10.2 mEq per dialysis (P = .01). The rate of decline in mean arterial pressure during dialysis was significantly slower following transfusion (P less than .01). Mean postdialysis weight fell from 62.0 kg before transfusion to 61.5 kg following transfusion (P less than .001). Thus, red cell transfusion raises intradialytic pressure and reduces the frequency of intradialytic hypotension.
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PMID:The effect of red cell transfusion on hemodialysis-related hypotension. 333 97

1. Iron-deficiency anaemia continues to be a major public health problem in all developing countries. Fortification of commonly consumed food items has been suggested as an effective method of preventing anaemia. Common salt (sodium chloride) has been identified as a suitable vehicle to be fortified with Fe in India. 2. Common salt was fortified with ferric orthophosphate (3500 mg/kg) and sodium hydrogen sulphate (5000 mg/kg) to provide an additional 1 mg elemental Fe/g common salt consumed. 3. After ascertaining the acceptability of the fortified salt with respect to its colour, taste and bioavailability a pilot feeding trial was conducted among residential schoolchildren in Hyderabad. Feeding of the fortified salt for a period of 1 year resulted in a significant increase in the haemoglobin level of these children. There was also a significant reduction in the prevalence of anaemia among children given the fortified salt. 4. Before the same fortified salt is recommended as a public health measure to prevent Fe-deficiency anaemia among our population it is necessary that further large-scale community trials with this fortified salt are carried out particularly among the rural population.
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PMID:The use of common salt (sodium chloride) fortified with iron to control anaemia: results of a preliminary study. 737 Feb 17

A pilot study was conducted in patients who had advanced epithelial ovarian carcinoma, and who were refractory to platinum-based chemotherapy, to determine the feasibility and clinical effects of a schedule of intraperitoneal (IP) tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) expanded in recombinant interleukin-2 (rIL-2), and low-dose rIL-2 IP. TIL were expanded from solid metastases or malignant effusions in serum-free AIM V medium supplemented with low concentrations (600 IU/ml) or rIL-2 using a four-step method of expansion that included a hollow fiber bioreactor (artificial capillary culture system). Patients received IP TIL suspended in dextrose 5% in sodium chloride 0.2% containing 0.1% human albumin and 6 x 10(5) IU rIL-2 on day 1, followed by 6 x 10(5) IU rIL-2/m2 body surface area, administered daily by bolus IP injection, on days 2-4, 8-11, and 15-18. In the absence of disease progression, two additional 4-day cycles of IP rIL-2 were administered. Patients (n = 3) whose TIL failed to grow in vitro received IP IL-2 alone. Eight patients received rIL-2 expanded TIL (10(10)-10(11) range) plus rIL-2 followed by several cycles of rIL-2 alone. One of these patients was treated twice with TIL plus rIL-2. Expanded TIL were primarily CD3+CD4+TCR alpha beta+ (eight TIL-derived T-cell lines). One TIL-derived T-cell line was comprised mostly of CD3+CD8+TCR alpha beta+ cells. Eleven patients (eight treated with TIL plus rIL-2 and three patients treated with rIL-2 alone) received a total of 38 cycles of rIL-2 without TIL. Grade 3 clinical toxicity (peritonitis) occurred in 1 of 9 cycles of TIL plus rIL-2 and 1 of 38 cycles of rIL-2 alone. Each cycle was 4 days long. Grade 3 anemia occurred in 1 of 9 TIL plus rIL-2 cycles and 3 of 38 cycles of rIL-2 alone. There were no measurable responses; however, four of eight patients treated with IP TIL plus rIL-2 had some indication of clinical activity: ascites regression (two patients), tumor and CA-125 reduction (one patient), and surgically confirmed stable tumor and CA-125 values (one patient). The schedule of IP TIL plus low-dose rIL-2 shows manageable toxicity and is worthy of further evaluation in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer who have less tumor burden.
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PMID:Intraperitoneal adoptive immunotherapy of ovarian carcinoma with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and low-dose recombinant interleukin-2: a pilot trial. 783 19

In a phase I study of weekly administered cisplatin combined with oral etoposide, we observed a partial response in 4 out of 11 patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Subsequently, we performed a phase II study to investigate the activity of this combination as first-line treatment in this disease. Fourteen patients with metastatic colorectal cancer were enrolled in this study. Treatment consisted of cisplatin, administered in 3% sodium chloride, at a dose of 70 mg m-2 on days 1, 8 and 15 and days 29, 36 and 43 combined with oral etoposide 50 mg absolute dose daily on days 1-15 of both courses. Patients with stable disease or better continued treatment with etoposide 50 mg m-2 orally on days 1-21 every 28 days. A partial response was observed in two patients with liver metastases (14%; 95% confidence limits 2-42%) for 30 and 32 weeks. Five patients had stable disease. Toxicity consisted mainly of anaemia, leucocytopenia, nausea and vomiting. Tinnitus was reported by six patients. The activity of the combination cisplatin-oral etoposide in the schedule is only minimal in metastatic colorectal cancer.
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PMID:Phase II study of a short course of weekly high-dose cisplatin combined with long-term oral etoposide in metastatic colorectal cancer. 863 Feb 90


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