Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0002871 (anemia)
 52,094 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) is secreted by macrophages in response to inflammation, infection and cancer. Sublethal doses of recombinant TNF-alpha to rats causes cachexia, anaemia and inflammation. TNF-alpha plays a major part in tissue inflammation and remodelling by stimulating production of collagenase. Cellular responses to TNF-alpha are initiated by binding to high-affinity cell surface receptors. TNF-alpha then profoundly affects gene regulation, stimulating the fos, myc, interleukin-1 and interleukin-6 genes and inhibiting the type I collagen gene. Here we demonstrate that TNF-alpha also stimulates collagenase gene transcription; this stimulation is mediated by an element of the gene that is responsive to the transcription factor AP-1, the major component of which (jun/AP-1) is encoded by the jun gene; and that TNF-alpha stimulates prolonged activation of jun gene expression. This prolonged induction of jun contrasts with its transient activation by the phorbol ester TPA and provides a physiological example of the ability of jun/AP-1 to stimulate its own transcription. This may be a key mechanism for mediating at least some of the biological effects of TNF-alpha.
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PMID:Prolonged activation of jun and collagenase genes by tumour necrosis factor-alpha. 253 68

Young pigs raised on a copper-deficient diet develop severe abnormalities of connective tissue due to defective cross-linking of collagen and elastin. They eventually succumb to anemia and cardiovascular damage, the latter apparently due to the defective connective tissue metabolism. We evaluated the effects of nutritional copper deficiency upon collagen and elastin synthesis using short-term explant cultures of the medial portion of four successive segments of the descending aorta from 110-day-old pigs raised on a copper-deficient diet. Collagen synthesis was evaluated by collagenase susceptibility, and elastin synthesis was quantified by immunoprecipitation with an antiporcine-elastin antiserum. In the normal developing aorta, elastin synthesis was maximal in the upper thoracic aorta, while levels of collagen synthesis were highest in the lower abdominal aorta. Both activities subsided by 110 days postpartum. Compared with controls, the copper-deficient group showed: 1) histopathologic changes confined to the luminal half of the thoracic aorta; 2) a 1.3- to 1.6-fold increase in cellularity along the entire length of the organ; 3) a 1.3- to 2.4-fold increase in relative collagen synthesis, the greatest change occurring in the thoracic portion; 4) a 3- to 4-fold increase of relative elastin synthesis in the thoracic aorta, the abdominal aorta remaining unchanged; 5) 4- to 10-fold increases in collagen production; and 6) a greater than 15-fold increase in elastin production by the tissue of the thoracic aorta.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Induction of increased collagen and elastin biosynthesis in copper-deficient pig aorta. 394 64

Medical leech therapy has enjoyed a renaissance in the world of reconstructive microsurgery during recent years. Especially venous congestion is decreased using hirudo medicinalis application such as following replantation of amputated fingers or congested flaps. They provide a temporary relief to venous engorgement whilst venous drainage is re-established. Living in symbiosis with Aeromonas hydrophila, who can digest the sixfold blood meal related to their body weight, and a broad number of anticoagulant agents such as the thrombin inhibitor hirudin, apyrase as well as collagenase, hyaluronidase, Factor Xa inhibitor and fibrinase I and II, leeches decrease venous congestion. Laser Doppler flowmetry could demonstrate a significant increase in superficial skin perfusion following leech application 16 mm around the biting zone. Following the initial blood meal accounting for about 2.5 ml, the anticoagulant effect of the various leeches enzymes follows within the next 5-6 hours, which both account for the beneficial effects. Infection associated with leech therapy is a documented complication of leech application, with reported incidences ranging from 2.4 to 20 % and a chinolone antibiotic is currently recommended to face the potential Aeromonas hydrophila infection. Anemia is a second adverse effect during medicinal leech application which has to be taken account with repetitive blood samples. Besides the successful applications of leeches in various applications in plastic and reconstructive microsurgery, randomized-controlled trials are pending to elucidate the value of hirudo medicinalis according to evidence-based criteria above from case series and case studies.
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PMID:[Hirudo medicinalis-leech applications in plastic and reconstructive microsurgery--a literature review]. 1749 5

In this study we demonstrate the use of a multiplexed MRM-based assay to distinguish among normal (NL) and iron-metabolism disorder mouse models, particularly, iron-deficiency anemia (IDA), inflammation (INFL), and inflammation and anemia (INFL+IDA). Our initial panel of potential biomarkers was based on the analysis of 14 proteins expressed by candidate genes involved in iron transport and metabolism. Based on this study, we were able to identify a panel of 8 biomarker proteins: apolipoprotein A4 (APO4), transferrin, transferrin receptor 1, ceruloplasmin, haptoglobin, lactoferrin, hemopexin, and matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP8) that clearly distinguish among the normal and disease models. Within this set of proteins, transferrin showed the best individual classification accuracy over all samples (72%) and within the NL group (94%). Compared to the best single-protein biomarker, transferrin, the use of the composite 8-protein biomarker panel improved the classification accuracy from 94% to 100% in the NL group, from 50% to 72% in the INFL group, from 66% to 96% in the IDA group, and from 79% to 83% in the INFL+IDA group. Based on these findings, validation of the utility of this potentially important biomarker panel in human samples in an effort to differentiate IDA, inflammation, and combinations thereof, is now warranted. This article is part of a Special Section entitled: Understanding genome regulation and genetic diversity by mass spectrometry.
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PMID:The use of multiplexed MRM for the discovery of biomarkers to differentiate iron-deficiency anemia from anemia of inflammation. 2214 76