Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0002871 (anemia)
 52,094 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

For beagles respiring 100 per cent oxygen at ambient pressure, anemia protected against the development of the lung lesions of oxygen toxicity. Similarly, unilateral pulmonary denervation was protective of the affected lung but not of the normally innervated, contralateral lung. This indicates that the lung lesions are triggered by the toxic effect of elevated PO2 at a remote site, most likely the sensitive central nervous system.
J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1976 Apr
PMID:The centineurogenic etiology of the respiratory distress syndrome. Protection afforded by anemia and pulmonary denervation against lung lesions of oxygen toxicity. 77 21

The integrated response to severe exercise involves fourfold to fivefold increases in cardiac output, which are due primarily to increases in cardiac rate and to a lesser extent to augmentation of stroke volume. The increase in stroke volume is partly due to an increase in end-diastolic cardiac size (Frank-Starling mechanism) and secondarily due to a reduction in end-systolic cardiac size. The full role of the Frank-Starling mechanism is masked by the concomitant tachycardia. The reduction in end-systolic dimensions can be related to increased contractility, mediated by beta adrenergic stimulation. Beta adrenergic blockade prevents the inotropic response, the decrease in end-systolic dimensions, and approximately 50% of the tachycardia of exercise. The enhanced cardiac output is distributed preferentially to the exercising muscles including the heart. Blood flow to the heart increases fourfold to fivefold as well, mainly reflecting the augmented metabolic requirements of the myocardium due to near maximal increases in cardiac rate and contractility. Blood flow to the inactive viscera (e.g., kidney and gastrointestinal tract) is maintained during severe exercise in the normal dog. It is suggested that local autoregulatory mechanisms are responsible for maintained visceral flow in the face of neural and hormonal autonomic drive, which acts to constrict renal and mesenteric vessels and to reduce blood flow. However, in the presence of circulatory impairment, where oxygen delivery to the exercising muscles is impaired as occurs to complete heart block where normal heart rate increases during exercise are prevented, or in congestive right heart failure, where normal stroke volume increases during exercise are impaired, or in the presence of severe anemia, where oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood is limited, visceral blood flows are reduced drastically and blood is diverted to the exercising musculature. Thus,, visceral flow is normally maintained during severe exercise as long as all other compensatory mechanisms remain intact. However, when any other compensatory mechanism is disrupted (even the elimination of splenic reserve in the dog), reduction and diversion of visceral flow occur.
Prog Cardiovasc Dis
PMID:Cardiovascular adjustments to exercise: hemodynamics and mechanisms. 79 Apr 60

Recent improvements in total artificial heart (TAH) experiments have changed the pathological findings as well as the concept of the TAH. In the past 3 years, 67 experiments were performed in our laboratory. This study concerns the 11 calves operated upon most recently. Histopathological findings in the lungs, kidneys, livers and spleens of these animals were greatly improved over findings from previously studied animals. Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) syndrome has been seen in only 1 calf. These improvements can be attributed to the following factors: (1) Improved management of the lumg during surgery has essentially eliminated pulmonary insufficiency;(2) liver damage has been successfully prevented by the discovery of the relationship between high right atrial pressure and anemia; (3) careful aseptic surgical procedures and optimal prophylactic use of antibiotics and anticoagulants have minimized the incidence of infection and clot formation.
J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1975 Aug
PMID:Refinement in application of total artificial heart, with improvement in survival and histopathological findings. 115 7

Among 1,000 patients with hiatal hernias were 45 who had biopsy-proved columnar-lined esophagus (CLE). Twenty-one were male and 24 female, with bimodal age ranges peaking at zero to 10 and 48 to 80 years. Of the first decade patients, all boys, 2 were brothers. While 44 had dysphagia, one third also had iron-deficiency anemia. All had x-ray-proved sliding hiatal hernias, with esophageal stricturing at the squamous cell-columnar cell interface. In 43 cases this area was 35 cm. or less from the upper jaw. The epithelial histology showed simple, tubular, mucus-secreting glands (45 cases), goblet cells (7 cases), no goblet cells (38 cases), and gastric-type epithelium with parietal cells (19 cases). In 2 cases CLE was rising up the esophagus from 35 to 30 cm. in 3 years and from 40 to 23 cm. in 10 years. No stricture became neoplastic. Clinical evidence supports the view that CLE has a double etiology: It is congenital in children but acquired, akin to "intestinalization of the stomach," in adults with sliding hiatal hernias; in the latter instance, CLE occurs as an alternative end-point to reflux esophagitis. Treatments and long-term results are discussed. All patients had initial stricture dilatation with biopsy. In 17 this was the sole treatment. In 16 cases a later transthoracic herniorrhaphy was performed to reduce the hiatal hernia and prevent further stricturing. Fifteen patients had transmural strictures. For this group, our experience with Roux-Y esophagogastrostomy and esophagojejunogastrostomy, with stricture excision, and also with mere bypass of the stricture is stated. For the young, after stricture excision, eosophagojejunogastrostomy with pyloroplasty, performed in the second decade, is favored. In the elderly, especially after unsuccessful hiatal herniorrhaphy, eosophagojejunogastrostomy with stricture bypass proved satisfactory 3 years after the operation.
J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1976 Jun
PMID:Columnar cell-lined esophagus: assessment of etiology and treatment. A 22 year experience. 127 33

Hypertension is the main side effect developing in patients suffering from renal anemia who are treated with recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO). We investigated the effect of rhEPO on the vascular tone of rabbit aorta. rhEPO had no direct vasoconstrictor effect, but it enhanced norepinephrine (NE)-induced contractions of rabbit aortic rings. Relaxations to acetylcholine (ACh, 1 microM) were unaltered in the presence or absence of rhEPO, indicating that the endothelium-dependent NO pathway was not affected by rhEPO. In rings of human renal artery and rabbit aorta, rhEPO (200 U/ml) increased the synthesis of constrictor prostanoids. The cyclooxygenase inhibitors indomethacin and aspirin abolished the increase in prostanoid production. However, they did not completely suppress the rhEPO-induced enhancement of NE contractions in rabbit aorta. We further investigated the effect of rhEPO on prostanoid and endothelin-1 synthesis in cultured human endothelial cells. Endothelial cells from human umbilical veins (HUVEC) were isolated and cultured. After incubation with rhEPO, the formation of prostaglandin (PG) I2 (analyzed as its stable metabolite 6-keto-PGF1 alpha), PGF2 alpha, PGE2, thromboxane (Tx) B2, and of endothelin-1 (ET-1) was measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA). rhEPO (200 U/ml) increased the formation of PGF2 alpha and TxB2 and decreased the formation of PGI2 in HUVEC. The release of ET-1 was increased by nearly 90% in the presence of rhEPO (200 U/ml). We conclude that a shift in the balance of constrictor and relaxing prostanoids as well as an increased synthesis of ET-1 may contribute to the hypertensive side effect of rhEPO therapy. ET-1 may at least in part be responsible for the unexpectedly low inhibitory effect of indomethacin on rhEPO-enhanced contractions of rabbit aorta.
J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1992
PMID:Endothelin release and shift in prostaglandin balance are involved in the modulation of vascular tone by recombinant erythropoietin. 128 78

Data on 100 consecutive non-emergency coronary artery bypass (CABG) patients were analyzed retrospectively. Sixty-nine patients received no homologous blood (Group I). Thirty-one patients received a total of 118 units of blood products averaging 2.23 units of red cells (Group II). The average red cell transfusion rate for all patients was 0.7 units per patient. The median age for Group I was 61 and Group II was 68 years (p less than 0.05). The average number of grafts was the same for both (3 per patient) with 75% of Group I and 58% of Group II receiving internal mammary artery (IMA) grafts (p less than 0.05). Twelve of the Group II patients who received intraoperative transfusions on cardiopulmonary bypass to maintain adequate hemoglobin levels were older and had lower admission hematocrits: 36 +/- 0.8% compared to 41 +/- 0.5% for all other patients (p less than 0.05). Average postoperative blood loss was 889 +/- 38 ml for Group I and 1077 +/- 104 ml for Group II (p less than 0.05). Increased hemorrhage was correlated with bypass time and IMA use but not with preoperative heparin administration, pre-existing risk factors (diabetes, hypertension, etc.), bleeding time, post-bypass clotting time, age or number of grafts. Two patients in Group II and none in Group I required exploration for excessive postoperative hemorrhage. Mortality rate was 2% (both in Group II, neither transfusion related). Discharge hematocrits were the same for all at 29.4 +/- 0.4%. Among anemia-related postoperative symptoms, only sinus tachycardia was significantly higher in Group I (20%) compared to Group II (6.5%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino)
PMID:Aggressive blood conservation in coronary artery surgery: impact on patient care. 222 48

Due to surgical advances, cardiac tumors now represent a potentially curable form of heart disease. Primary cardiac tumors are very rare; secondary, metastatic tumors are 10-40 times more frequent. The majority (75%) of primary tumors is benign. Cardiac tumors may produce hemodynamic disturbances, mechanical hemolysis, biochemical effects and constitutional symptoms. According to the anatomic location of the tumor, some special symptoms and physical findings can be grouped with regard to pericardial, myocardial, and endocardial involvement. Several laboratory data (elevated sedimentation rate, anemia, thrombocytopenia etc.) may give additional hints to suggest cardiac involvement in neoplastic disease. Among the diagnostic procedures, two-dimensional echocardiography has become the most important method for non-invasive detection of cardiac tumors. The importance of invasive procedures has declined by the improvement of non-invasive imaging techniques, but pressure measurements within the cardiopulmonary system, left-sided, pulmonary angiography as well as coronary angiography give additional useful and necessary information prior to surgery. Within the spectrum of differential diagnosis, particularly mitral, aortic, or tricupid valve disease, bacterial endocarditis, or autoimmune diseases have to be ruled out. Thus, in the vast majority of cases the correct diagnosis can be made. This is crucial for further management of the patient since the majority of primary cardiac tumors can be successfully treated by surgery.
Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1990 Aug
PMID:Clinical aspects of cardiac tumors. 223 94

The effects of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and their combined use with an antiestrogenic steroid on erythropoiesis were investigated in patients on chronic hemodialysis (CHD). Hematocrit was decreased by 10% or more in 6 of 12 patients who received either captopril or enalapril for 2-6 months. Erythropoietin (Epo) and angiotensin II (AII) were significantly reduced in these patients. When treatment with mepitiostane was combined with ACE inhibitor, anemia was significantly improved but without evidence of changes in circulating Epo concentrations or indices of renin-angiotensin activity. The reduction of AII and Epo formation by ACE inhibitors seems to play an important role in the worsening of anemia in patients on CHD; addition of an antiestrogenic steroid should be considered.
J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1989
PMID:Worsening of anemia by angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and its prevention by antiestrogenic steroid in chronic hemodialysis patients. 247 97

Intraarterial digital subtraction arteriography (DSA) was performed in a 39-year-old man with multiple myeloma, high-output congestive heart failure unresponsive to correction of anemia, and a pelvic bruit suspicious for an arteriovenous malformation. DSA revealed extensive neovascularity of all the visualized skeletal structures with rapid arteriovenous shunting in the pelvis. Temporary embolization of both hypogastric arteries with Gelfoam and autologous clot produced immediate and dramatic clinical relief of the shortness of breath, orthopnea, and hyperdynamic circulation. Following return of symptoms, repeat permanent occlusion with Ivalon and Gianturco coils produced minimal clinical response, but a decrease in cardiac output from approximately 23 L/min to 19 L/min. The etiology of congestive heart failure in myeloma, the implications of the use of intraarterial DSA, and the arteriographic findings in myeloma are discussed.
Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 1986
PMID:Transcatheter treatment of myelomatous AV shunting causing high-output failure. 309 55

To investigate cardiovascular changes in experimental acromegaly, a growth hormone-secreting tumour (MtT-W-15) was implanted in adult female rats. Somatic and tumour growth occurred steadily during the 8 week study period, as did an increase in serum growth hormone titre. Weight of left ventricle and right ventricle increased directly with tumour growth, both on an absolute basis and when compared with normal rats of equal body weight. Atrial weight also increased substantially. Haematocrit declined sharply at first, and more slowly later with increasing tumour weight. Haemodynamic measurements were made on these animals at two stages of tumour growth using an anaesthetised open-chest preparation. Cardiac index (per g body wt), stroke index, stroke work, left ventricle +dP/dtmax, and dF/dtmax of aortic flow were greatly elevated in rats with the largest tumours (longer duration), and to a lesser extent in those with smaller tumours (shorter duration). Systemic peripheral resistance and heart rate were depressed. Ventricular weight increased non-linearly with increases in cardiac index. Cardiac output, stroke volume, stroke work and dF/dtmax normalised per g left ventricle weight were also elevated. Splenomegaly accompanied tumour growth; however, splenectomy of tumour-bearing animals failed to prevent development of anaemia and cardiomegaly. While a direct effect of elevated growth hormone provides the best explanation for development of cardiomegaly in this model, volume work overloading due to anaemia and water retention may be a contributory cause.
Cardiovasc Res 1985 May
PMID:Cardiomegaly and haemodynamics in rats with a transplantable growth hormone-secreting tumour. 315 90


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>