Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0002871 (anemia)
 52,094 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Twelve Nubian goats were given single or repeated oral dosages of mercuric chloride at 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg and died or were killed in extremis at various times after dosing (18 hours-18 days). The main signs of poisoning were anorexia, frothing at the mouth, respiratory distress, epistaxis, bloat, diarrhoea, abnormal posture and recumbency. An increase in the activity of GOT and in the concentrations of urea and inorganic phosphate and a decrease in total protein and calcium concentrations in the serum were detected. The main lesions were dilatation and necrosis of the proximal convoluted tubules, shrinkage and disappearance of the glomerular tufts, varying amounts of acidophilic homogenous material in the lumens of the affected tubules of the kidney, enteritis, hepatocellular degeneration and/or necrosis and pulmonary congestion, haemorrhage, oedema and emphysema. The changes in the red blood cells indicated anaemia.
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PMID:Susceptibility of Nubian goats to mercury poisoning in the Sudan. 181 53

An eleven month old girl was admitted to a county hospital because of persistent low grade fever, cough, vomitus and food and oral fluids rejection. A small radiopaque, button sized, round object was seen impacted in the upper esophageal third on X ray examination and later extracted by endoscopy, corresponding to an electric cell, from a father's handwatch, which had been ingested by the baby without knowledge of parents about 30 h before. After 12 h fasting, oral feedings were resumed being apparently well tolerated, but in the following day fever and respiratory distress reappeared, together with drooling, cianosis, abdominal distention and pale skin. Patient was transferred to a regional hospital where extensive bilateral pneumonia and anemia were documented. Gastric drainage via nasogastric tube, antibiotic treatment, blood transfusion and oxygen therapy were given from admission, but she died within a few hours. At necropsy a 3 per 2.5 cm diameter orifice of sharp borders was seen in the upper third of the esophagus, communicating to tracheal lumen through its upper six cartilages. Extensive, severe, bilateral pneumonia was confirmed. When this kind of electric cells become impacted into the esophagus, wall necrosis may occur within 4 h and perforation within 8 to 12 h and can be prevented by immediate endoscopic extraction. Otherwise fistulae should be suspected and patients managed accordingly. Emergency room medical staff must always be aware of this potentially lethal condition and its proper management. Infants should not be permitted to play with such apparently innocent objects as battery operated handwatches.
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PMID:[Tracheoesophageal fistula secondary to ingestion of a button battery]. 184 45

The outcome of 13 sets of triplet infants delivered between January 1, 1981, and December 31, 1988, is analyzed with specific regard to immediate neonatal morbidity. Thirty-nine viable infants were born with no perinatal deaths. Overall, 80% of triplet infants incurred some morbidity, including hyperbilirubinemia (51.3%), hypoglycemia (30.8%), respiratory distress syndrome (28.2%), respiratory compromise (23.1%), anemia (17.9%), patent ductus arteriosus (15.4%), and intraventricular hemorrhage (10.3%). All morbidities occurred in infants who averaged less than 2,000 g and 35 weeks' gestation at birth. As a background to understanding these observations, a review of reports of triplet morbidity and mortality in the United States and Europe is presented. Over the past 80 years, a continual decline in triplet perinatal mortality has occurred despite no change in the average gestational age at delivery over the past 40 years. The triplet perinatal mortality rate is now less than 10%, and prematurity is no longer as influential on perinatal mortality as it is on morbidity. Improvement in neonatal resuscitation and care and delivery by cesarean section are felt to be responsible for lower mortality rates. We believe that the optimum level of care for triplet gestations includes antenatal and neonatal care at tertiary perinatal centers and, except for special circumstances, delivery by cesarean section.
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PMID:Triplet pregnancy: changes in morbidity and mortality. 191 16

Forty-one cases of empyema thoracis admitted in hospital during April, 1985 to August, 1987 were studied. Majority were males (65.9%) and were of less than 2 years of age (70.7%). Right side (60.9%) was predominantly involved. Abdominal distension (43.9%) was very characteristic, with other usual features like fever, cough and respiratory distress. A large majority of them were victims of malnutrition (73.2%) and anaemia (53.7%) with haemoglobin level ranging from 5-9 g/dl. Mortality was high (17.1%). Therapy with parenteral cloxacillin and gentamicin and continuous intercostal tube drainage accounted for loss of 15.8 bed days (average period of hospitalisation). Staph aureus was the principal aetiopathogen (68.3%). No anaerobe could be isolated. Strains of staphylococci were mostly resistant to penicillin and ampicillin but sensitive to gentamicin, cloxacillin and erythromycin.
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PMID:Clinicobacteriological study of empyema thoracis in infants and children. 226 63

A case of sickle cell disease diagnosed postmortem is described. A 37-year-old black woman presented with anemia, respiratory distress, and abdominal and back pain. Death followed an intramuscular injection of iron, and anaphylaxis was clinically diagnosed. At autopsy, massive fat and necrotic bone marrow embolization of pulmonary and renal vessels was found. In the vertebral column, multifocal areas of ischemic necrosis were present, and proved to be the source of this embolization. Sickled red cells appeared in bone marrow sinusoids, and signs of disseminated intravascular coagulation were present.
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PMID:Massive fat and necrotic bone marrow embolization in a previously undiagnosed patient with sickle cell disease. 230 55

The effects of gender on mortality and morbidity of all neonates weighing less than 1500 g admitted to King's College Hospital Neonatal Intensive Care Unit during 1980-82 (n = 271) were examined. Very low birthweight boys had a significantly higher mortality and more postnatal complications than girls. The higher incidence of respiratory distress syndrome and pulmonary interstitial emphysema in boys was associated with increased mortality in the first year. Surviving boys had significantly more problems, including lower Apgar scores at five minutes, more frequent apnoeic attacks and bradycardic episodes, transient tachypnoea, neonatal anaemia, and lower blood calcium and phosphate concentrations. Surviving children were followed up at 1 and 2 years of age. Development of boys at 1 year was significantly delayed compared with girls in all fields save locomotor. Although at 2 years some of the differences had diminished, those in language and personal social skills were more pronounced. More than twice as many boys as girls had major neurodevelopmental disorders.
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PMID:Prognosis of the very low birthweight baby in relation to gender. 242 52

In a regional birth cohort of 5,356 live-born infants, during 12 consecutive months, 46 (0.9%) infants suffered from respiratory distress syndrome. Ten of them died before the age of 2 years. The cause of death was respiratory distress syndrome in two cases, intracerebral hemorrhage in four cases, asphyxia in one case, and congenital erythropoietic anemia in one case. Of the 36 survivors, 34 could be traced for the follow-up. Growth and development of the survivors with respiratory distress syndrome were compared with that of 3,375 term infants in the birth cohort with birth weights at the tenth percentile or above with no risk factors recognized during pregnancy, labor, delivery, or the neonatal period. Normal development was found in 85% of the survivors with respiratory distress syndrome and 99% of the control infants at the age of 2 years. Intracerebral hemorrhage and low one- and five-minute Apgar scores were associated with unfavorable outcome at 2 years in the survivors with respiratory distress syndrome. The developmental scores were significantly poorer than those of the controls at 2 years for gross motor, audiovisual, and psychosocial categories, whereas for fine motor development, the difference disappeared by the 2 years of age. The growth of the survivors with respiratory distress syndrome was satisfactory even if their heights remained below that of their control peers.
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PMID:Growth and development of infants surviving respiratory distress syndrome: a 2-year follow-up. 243 12

Subjects with a variety of enteropathies, hemolytic anemias, acute respiratory distress syndrome, hepatitis, Gaucher's disease as well as those on TPN and hemodialysis, often have low ("deficient") blood levels of vitamin E. A deficiency of vitamin E can be manifested by accelerated red blood cell destruction and neuromuscular deficit. Supplementation of these patients may be advisable. Neurological dysfunction has been observed in adults with prolonged vitamin E deficiency resulting from lipid malabsorption. Long-term treatment with high doses of vitamin E results in improvement. Administration of 800 IU/day of vitamin E to subjects with G6PD deficiency, sickle-cell anemia and beta-thalassemia has resulted in improvement of hematological parameters. Supplementation with 300 IU/day for 3-6 months has resulted in improved walking distances and improved blood flow in patients with intermittent claudication. In a limited number of controlled studies, 300-600 IU/day resulted in improvement in premenstrual syndrome, tardive dyskinesia and also arthritis. Epidemiological studies suggest that high levels of serum vitamin E are associated with lower risk of certain cancers, cardiovascular disease and infections. In some cases the high levels are difficult to obtain by diet alone. High levels of vitamin E are contraindicated in subjects who are receiving vitamin K antagonists as anticoagulant therapy. Except for this interaction with vitamin K, there are no specific side effects associated with high doses of vitamin E. Thus, there are various reasons for supplementations with vitamin E and, with the exception noted, the risk of such supplementation is very low.
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PMID:Use and safety of elevated dosages of vitamin E in adults. 250 7

A male patient with corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) and adrenocorticotropin (ACTH)-producing syndrome is described. Soon after being referred to us the patient developed pneumonia, anaemia, oedema and respiratory distress, and died on the 24th day after admission. Autopsy and histology revealed that he had a rare type of multiple endocrine neoplasia (type 1 + paraganglioma) with a mediastinal paraganglioma, parathyroidal hyperplasia, pancreatic islet cell adenoma, duodenal multiple carcinoid tumours and adrenocortical nodular hyperplasia. It was not possible to examine the pituitary. The paraganglioma contained a large amount of immunoreactive (IR)-CRF (606 ng/g wet weight), IR-ACTH (59.4 ng/g wet weight), IR-human proopiomelanocortin n-terminal (1-76) peptide (hNT, 156.8 ng/g wet weight) and IR-beta-lipotropin (beta-LPH, 146.9 ng/g wet weight). The major IR-ACTH, beta-LPH and IR-hNT were eluted at ACTH-(1-39), beta-LPH and hNT marker positions, respectively. Big ACTH was not detected. IR-CRF eluted at the human CRF marker position on Sephadex G-75 chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The IR-CRF fraction from the HPLC showed CRF bioactivity which paralleled that of synthetic human CRF in monolayer cultured rat anterior pituitary cells. Our results suggest that not only ACTH but CRF produced by the paraganglioma was responsible for the patient's Cushing's syndrome.
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PMID:Multiple endocrine neoplasia with Cushing's syndrome due to paraganglioma producing corticotropin-releasing factor and adrenocorticotropin. 287 33

Young infants with cystic fibrosis (CF) are at risk for developing symptomatic protein-calorie malnutrition (PCM) characterized by hypoalbuminemia, edema, and anemia. We reviewed the hospital charts of all infants less than 12 months of age referred to our CF clinic between 1979 and 1982 and found nine patients with PCM (13%). Their courses were characterized by age less than 7 months (nine patients), frequent use of soy formula (eight patients), presence of gastrointestinal or respiratory symptoms before being diagnosed with CF (eight patients), severe respiratory distress often requiring mechanical ventilation (five patients), significant infections (three patients), and high mortality (five patients). We further noted that eight infants were not on pancreatic enzyme therapy at the onset of PCM. This clinical study extends the findings of earlier reports of PCM in patients with CF by showing that this syndrome persists as a major source of morbidity and mortality in young infants with CF, especially those fed soy formula and not receiving pancreatic enzyme supplements. Because PCM can develop rapidly and may be the presenting sign of CF in young infants, we speculate that early diagnosis of CF with institution of pancreatic supplements may decrease incidence and severity of PCM in young patients with CF.
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PMID:Persistent morbidity and mortality of protein calorie malnutrition in young infants with CF. 308 50


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