Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0002871 (anemia)
 52,094 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A case is reported of bilateral ovarian tumours in a 44 year-old patient, who was submitted to total hysterectomy with removal of both appendages. Preoperative laboratory investigations had not yielded any useful information. Histologically, both ovaries showed replacement of the normal tissue by sheets of undifferentiated tumour cells. A sudden rise in temperature with rigors occurred on the 8th postoperative day, in conjunction with a considerable degree of anaemia, the appearance of ascites and a massive increase in size of the liver. Shortly afterwards, 50% of the peripheral leucocytes were found to be paramyeloblasts, the total leucocyte count being 4300. Sternal puncture confirmed the diagnosis of paramyeloblastosis, which proved rapidly fatal in spite of intensive therapy with corticosteroids, antibiotics and blood transfusions. The typical picture of paramyeloblastosis with tumour formation was observed on post-mortem examination, with leukaemic invasion of the liver, spleen, lymph glands and bone marrow.
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PMID:[A misleading diagnosis of ovarian tumours in a case of paramyeloblastosis (author's transl)]. 105 17

Ribavirin has been used widely in various clinical trials, without significant adverse effects beyond reversible, mild anemia. Since 1978 intravenous ribavirin has been used to treat Lassa fever in a remote area of Eastern Sierra Leone, West Africa. In March 1991, brief episodes of rigors in patients receiving ribavirin were reported. An immediate investigation found that 27/93 patients (29%) had records in 1990/91 of at least one episode, the strongest association being with survival of Lassa fever (P = 0.0001). The occurrence or number of rigors in an individual patient was unassociated with sex, age, weight, volume of loading dose, cumulative dose, administration of other drugs, use of intravenous lines or heparin traps. In a review of 12 years of ribavirin administration, 74/2117 injections sampled (3.5%) were associated with a record of rigors. Most occurred before 08.00 h (P less than 0.0001), between 0 and 30 min after injection, lasted 2-45 min, and clustered towards the end of the treatment course (P less than 0.0001). There was no association with drug lot or individual vials. Drug was being given as a bolus (less than 1 min). Since slowing the infusion rate, no further episodes have been reported. Epidemiologic techniques are important tools in rapid assessment of unexpected events particularly when conducting trials in remote locations.
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PMID:Unexpected adverse reactions during a clinical trial in rural west Africa. 144 24

Twenty-two evaluable patients with advanced adenocarcinoma of the pancreas, but without prior chemotherapy or immunotherapy, received recombinant tumor necrosis factor (rTNF). rTNF was given as an intravenous infusion over 30 min daily x 5, every 14 days, at a starting dose of 150 micrograms/m2/day. Toxicities included fevers/rigors, nausea/vomiting/anorexia, flu-like symptoms, hypotension, hyperglycemia, anemia, coagulopathy, hepatotoxicity, and hypertriglyceridemia. Laboratory evidence of disseminated intravascular coagulopathy occurred in 11 patients, with only 3 of these patients having clinical manifestations. Two patients suffered from pulmonary emboli. The high incidence of coagulopathy was felt to be, at least in part, disease related. No objective responses were observed with a 95% confidence interval of 0-15%.
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PMID:A phase II trial of recombinant tumor necrosis factor in patients with adenocarcinoma of the pancreas: a Southwest Oncology Group study. 179 Jan 46

Fifty evaluable patients with advanced colorectal cancer, but without prior chemotherapy or immunotherapy, were randomized to one of two schedules of recombinant gamma-interferon (rGIFN). Twenty-four evaluable patients received rGIFN as a 2-h intravenous infusion daily x 5 every other week at a starting dose of 4.0 x 10(6) IU/m2/day (arm I). Twenty-six evaluable patients received rGIFN as a 24-h continuous intravenous infusion daily x 5 every month at a starting dose of 2.6 x 10(6) IU/m2/day (arm II). Toxicities on both schedules included flu-like symptoms, fevers/rigors, nausea/vomiting, hypotension, leukopenia, hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, diarrhea, anemia, confusion, and ileus. Toxicity appeared to be more severe on arm I. No antitumor responses were observed, with 95% confidence intervals of 0 to 14% for arm I and 0 to 13% for arm II.
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PMID:Phase II trial of recombinant DNA gamma-interferon in advanced colorectal cancer: a Southwest Oncology Group study. 179 Jan 47

Ehrlichiae are tick-borne rickettsial organisms that are well known as veterinary pathogens. However, since 1986, over 100 cases of human infection by Ehrlichia canis or a closely related species have been identified primarily in the southeastern and south central United States. Human ehrlichiosis is characterized by high fever, rigors, headache, myalgia, anorexia, and, sometimes, gastrointestinal complaints. Rash occurs in a minority of cases. Commonly observed laboratory abnormalities include leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, anemia, and elevated hepatic aminotransferase levels. The illness is tick-borne and tetracycline or tetracycline analogs appear to be effective in treating the illness.
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PMID:Ehrlichiosis. 205 Oct 14

Eleven patients received four consecutive weekly cycles of human recombinant interleukin 2 (IL-2) by continuous infusion for 4 days/week. Two dose levels were tested, 1 and 3 X 10(6) units/m2/day. Toxicities experienced by most patients included fever, rigors, fatigue, anemia, eosinophilia, and liver function abnormalities. All side effects from treatment reversed and no severe or life-threatening problems occurred. A marked lymphocytosis was seen following the 4 weeks of therapy. Fresh lymphocytes obtained during this lymphocytosis mediated enhanced destruction in vitro of a natural killer cell-resistant tumor cell line (Daudi). The increase in the absolute number of circulating lymphocytes and their enhanced ability to mediate direct lysis of Daudi targets resulted in a greater than 100-fold mean increase in cytotoxic potential by the end of IL-2 treatment. One patient, with renal carcinoma, who was treated at 3 X 10(6) units/m2/day experienced a sustained measurable response with greater than 50% regression of pulmonary and hepatic metastases. Five patients were retreated with a second course of IL-2, lasting 4 weeks. This therapy was well tolerated in four of these five patients, with similar immunological changes occurring. No further antitumor responses were seen in these patients. Thus, a relatively well tolerated immunotherapy regimen using IL-2 can induce dramatic increases in lymphocyte number and augment their in vitro antitumor reactivity.
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PMID:Clinical and immunological effects of recombinant interleukin 2 given by repetitive weekly cycles to patients with cancer. 325 45

Septic shock and invasive infection are diseases caused by humoral mediators of both exogenous and endogenous origin. The search for and identification of these factors has led to the discovery and molecular cloning of cachectin. This pyrogenic cytokine is identical to tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and, when released into the circulation, causes profound shock and multiple organ injury. Cachectin antibodies protect against the lethal effects of mice given endotoxin and baboons given E. coli, a result suggesting that this mediator is both necessary and sufficient to provoke septic shock. Cachectin is produced in humans after endotoxin infusion; the infusion of small doses of TNF is associated with fever, rigors, headache, and hypotension. Septicemic patients also produce cachectin, and during meningococcal infection, patients with the highest serum levels of cachectin die. Chronic cachectin production causes a potentially lethal syndrome of cachexia, anemia, and protein and lipid wasting. Future investigation is being directed toward the development of cachectin antibodies for use in treating the humorally mediated systemic complications of infectious disease.
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PMID:Cachectin: a hormone that triggers acute shock and chronic cachexia. 327 61

The toxic effects of protein A (Prosorba, IMRE Corporation, Seattle, WA) treatments given as part of an on-line plasmapheresis or off-line procedure were determined in a Phase I Study. Patients were randomized and treated 12 times either once per week or three times per week with a Prosorba column containing 50 or 200 mg protein A. Treated plasma volumes varied from 150 ml off-line to 2000 ml on-line. Seven patients having advanced metastatic breast adenocarcinoma patients were evaluated. All had advanced progressive disease that was resistant to chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy. Greater than 50% regression of measurable tumor volume occurred in four of seven patients; an additional patient responded with 33.5% regression. Two patients with only bony metastases demonstrated stable disease for a 60-day period. Side effects resulting from protein A treatments included transient fever, chills, rigors, and infrequently nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, episodic hyper and/or hypotension, bronchospasm, venospasm, headache, joint and tumor pain. Mild to moderate reactions were seen in all patients regardless of clinical response, but abated spontaneously or were controlled with pretreatment and/or post treatment with antipyretics and/or antihistaminics. The side effects decreased notably during the course of the week with the more intense reaction occurring during the first treatment of the week. Side effects occurred regardless of column size or volume of plasma treated. In the course of 12 treatments, anemia requiring transfusion developed in two of seven patients. Significant tumor regression was obtained in this group of patients with advanced disease. In light of the mild to moderate side effects and tumor regression in five of seven of the patients treated, protein A treatment merits further evaluation to determine the effectiveness of this treatment in breast adenocarcinoma.
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PMID:Toxicity following protein A treatment of metastatic breast adenocarcinoma. 334 17

The Ehrlichia are tick-borne rickettsial organisms that cause disease in animals throughout the world but that have been previously recognized as human pathogens only in Asia. We have identified six patients with serological evidence of recent infection with an Ehrlichia: a fourfold or greater rise or fall in titer to Ehrlichia canis. All of the patients reported recent tick bites. Rigors, myalgia, headache, nausea, and anorexia were each reported by five patients. Fever was present in all patients and was accompanied by relative bradycardia and leukopenia in five patients, thrombocytopenia and abnormal liver function test results in four, and anemia in three. Five of the six patients were treated with tetracycline hydrochloride, and all recovered. Infection with Ehrlichia should be considered in patients with unexplained febrile illnesses after tick exposure.
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PMID:Unexplained febrile illnesses after exposure to ticks. Infection with an Ehrlichia? 358 28

Plasmodium falciparum malaria is endemic in the northern KwaZulu areas of South Africa. The clinical morbidity produced by this parasite has not been studied since the institution of the present malaria control programme. Fifty-nine patients were prospectively studied at a peripheral clinic during the peak malaria season; symptoms and signs of the infection, parasite loads, haemoglobin values and leucocyte counts were recorded in all patients. Haemoglobin and leucocyte counts were also measured in 37 control subjects without malaria. The commonest symptoms were persistent headache (100%), rigors (98%) and myalgia (93%). None of the patients presented with coma, pulmonary oedema, hypoglycaemia or algid malaria. Splenomegaly was found in 49%, hepatomegaly in 20% and mental confusion in 5% of patients. Mean parasite load was 1.71% and 57% of patients had parasite loads of < 1%. Anaemia of < 10 g/dl was significantly more frequent (P < 0.0001) in the patient group than in the control group. Leucopenia (white cell count < 4.0 x 10(9)/l) was present in 12 of 50 patients in whom it was measured compared with 2 controls (P = 0.0175). The results show a wide range of morbidity, without severe complications as presenting manifestations. Symptomatic infection in the presence of low parasite loads suggests that there may be little or no immunity in this population.
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PMID:Morbidity from falciparum malaria in Natal/KwaZulu. 845 85


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