Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0002871 (anemia)
 52,094 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An intestinal carcinoid with multiple metastases was identified in a 5-year-old male Shih Tzu with a clinical history of anemia, fatigue, anorexia, vomiting, intermittent diarrhea, intestinal bleeding, and progressive emaciation. There was a yellowish-white mass 15 mm in diameter in the anterior jejunum and white nodules consistent with metastases in many organs. Histopathologically, the mass consisted of neoplastic cells arranged in lobules, trabeculae, or closely interdigitating islands of cells. Neoplastic cells were generally polygonal with round hyperchromatic nuclei, modest amounts of eosinophilic cytoplasm, and eosinophilic cytoplasmic granules. Mitoses were common. Rosette formations of tumor cells were apparent in metastatic tumors. Immunohistochemically, tumor cells stained positive for cytokeratin 13, synaptophysin, protein gene product 9.5, neuron-specific enolase, chromogranin A, calcitonin gene-related peptide, serotonin (5-HT), and Leu-7. Serum 5-HT concentrations for this dog were increased 10-fold compared with those of normal dogs. All findings were consistent with a diagnosis of a malignant intestinal carcinoid.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical evaluation of a malignant intestinal carcinoid in a dog. 1263 63

The case is described of a man who complained of intermittent fever and fatigue. After three digestive endoscopies and computed tomography, a 99m technetium-HM-PAO-labelled white cell scan was usefully employed to establish diagnosis. Anaerobic aortic Graft infection and anaemia due to lower intermittent occult intestinal bleeding were found. The intestinal bleeding was caused by secondary aorto-jejunal fistula. This condition is rare, but should be suspected whenever a patient with aortic prosthesis presents with occult digestive bleeding and unexplained fever.
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PMID:Lower intestinal bleeding due to aorto-enteric fistula. 1277 74

Leiomyosarcoma is a mesodermal malignant neoplasm affecting the small intestine. Usually, the clinical signs are not specific and most commonly related to intestinal bleeding or obstruction. We report the case of a 71-year-old woman presenting anemia and melena: there was no evidence of abdominal palpable mass and endoscopic examinations were negative for pathologic findings. We performed sonography and CT-enterclysis. We detected a small jejunal mass presenting a heterogeneous density and echogenicity pattern, with some large peripheral calcifications. Histologic examination after surgery revealed the lesion to be a small bowel leiomyosarcoma.
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PMID:Unusual feature of jejunal leiomyosarcoma studied with US and CT-enteroclysis: a case report. 1293 86

Cavernous haemangioma of the small bowel is a vascular, benign and infrequent tumour, similar in both sexes and more typical from the third decade onwards. Its most common clinical manifestation is a chronic anaemia secondary to intestinal bleeding, other causes are intestinal obstruction and perforation. Preoperational diagnosis is difficult and the treatment of choice is surgical resection.
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PMID:[Cavernous haemangioma of the small bowel: an uncommon cause of intestinal obstruction]. 1471 74

Parasite infections of the digestive tract are a rare cause of acute haemorrhage in Western countries. We report here on a case of acute intestinal bleeding due to Taenia solium infection diagnosed at surgery. A 79-year-old white female patient was admitted to our institution for instable angina and severe anaemia secondary to acute intestinal bleeding. The patient's medical history was positive for long-standing microcytic anaemia. A recent diagnostic work-up had revealed the presence of chronic erosive antral gastritis and colonic diverticular disease without acute bleeding. On admission to our department the patient underwent antegrade bowel endoscopy which showed a bleeding site 120 cm caudad to the Treitz ligament in the absence of ulcers and/or neoplastic lesions. The patient was eventually referred to surgery for suspected intestinal angiodysplasia. At surgery no gross lesions of the stomach, bowel or colon were observed. We then performed a custom enterotomy 120 cm caudad to the Treitz ligament and discovered a 250-cm-long tapeworm. The parasite was removed with the aid of a second enterotomy 60 cm cephalad to the previous one and the entire bowel was explored with an intraoperative fiberoptic endoscope. Histology of the parasite revealed a T. solium species. The postoperative course was uneventful and the patient was discharged on postoperative day 10 with a prescription of 2 g/day niclosamide. No recurrent digestive bleeding has so far been reported after a follow-up of 8 months. T. solium infection is a common cause of chronic microcytic anaemia in tropical and subtropical areas. In Western countries intestinal parasite infections are rarely taken into account in the diagnostic work-up of patients affected with chronic anaemia and/or acute digestive bleeding. The mechanisms responsible for acute intestinal bleeding in tapeworm infections are poorly understood and could be related to parasite-induced erosions of the bowel wall or be secondary to manipulations occurring during diagnostic manoeuvres.
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PMID:[Acute intestinal bleeding due to Taenia solium infection]. 1503 62

Angiosarcoma occurs very rarely in the intestinal tract as either a primary or metastatic malignancy and can present great diagnostic difficulty, especially when it displays epithelioid cytomorphology. Since only isolated case reports have been published, the purpose of this study is to more fully delineate the histopathological and clinical features from a series of 8 angiosarcomas involving the gastrointestinal tract. There were 5 male and 3 female patients whose ages ranged from 25-85 years (median 57). Presenting symptoms included intestinal bleeding, anemia and pain. Five cases involved the small bowel and 3 involved the colon/rectum. Four cases were primary to the intestinal tract, 2 patients initially presented with secondary involvement of the large bowel from occult retroperitoneal primaries, 1 patient presented with disseminated disease including small bowel involvement, and 1 case was metastatic from a breast primary. Seven cases were composed predominantly of sheets of malignant appearing epithelioid cells with subtle areas forming cleft-like spaces suggestive of vascular differentiation. Immunohistochemical studies revealed the lesional cells to be immunoreactive for CD31 (8/8), CD34 (8/8), Factor VIII (8/8), cytokeratins AE1/AE3 (7/8), cytokeratin 7 (2/8), Cam5.2/cytokeratin 8 (5/8), and cytokeratin 19 (5/8). Cytokeratin 20 was negative in all eight cases, which contrasts sharply with the characteristic positivity for cytokeratin 20 in virtually all intestinal carcinomas. One case was weakly and focally positive for EMA and all cases were negative for S-100 protein. Cytokeratin staining was variable and ranged from focal to extensive. Follow-up was available in eight cases and ranged from 1-33 months (median 12.5). Five patients died of disease, between 1 and 33 months (median 6) after diagnosis. One recently diagnosed patient is alive with disease 18 months after diagnosis, and one patient is free of disease 27 months after original diagnosis. Angiosarcomas of the gastrointestinal tract commonly display epithelioid cytomorphology, may be diffusely and strongly positive for cytokeratins and only show subtle signs of vascular differentiation, creating potential diagnostic confusion with primary or metastatic carcinoma. Given the clinically aggressive behavior of angiosarcoma, proper classification and treatment is important. Immunohistochemistry with vascular markers, CK20, and S-100 protein may be helpful in differentiating angiosarcoma from carcinoma and melanoma.
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PMID:Angiosarcoma involving the gastrointestinal tract: a series of primary and metastatic cases. 1510 92

A case of Dieulafoy's vascular malformation of the jejunum treated by laparoscopic surgery is described. The patient was a 31-year-old-woman who had complained of melena and had severe anemia needing blood transfusion. Angiography revealed microaneurysms and hypervascularity of the jejunum in the area between the first and second jejunal arterial fields. Laparoscopic partial resection of the jejunum was performed. The resected specimen was histologically diagnosed as Dieulafoy's vascular malformation. Since the operation, the patient has been free of melena and anemia. Small-intestinal Dieulafoy's vascular malformation is rare, as only 41 cases have been reported during the past three decades. Almost two-thirds of the patients were under 40 years old. Most of the patients complained of melena. The lesion was preoperatively identified in 14 of the 41 patients, while angiography was useful to define the lesion. Thirty-six of 37 patients for whom treatment methods were reported were surgically treated. While there are various treatment methods for intestinal bleeding, a surgical operation is often needed. When the disease location is obvious, treatment with laparoscopic surgery can reliably produce good results, in terms of its rate of cure, minimal invasiveness, and better cosmetic effect.
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PMID:Dieulafoy's vascular malformation of the jejunum: first case report of laparoscopic treatment. 1516 50

A 12 y old girl was admitted 24 days after start a WHO multidrug therapy scheme for multibacillary leprosy (dapsone, clofazimine and rifampicin) with intense jaundice, generalized lymphadenopathy, hepatoesplenomegaly, oral erosions, conjunctivitis, morbiliform rash and edema of face, ankles and hands. The main laboratory data on admission included: hemoglobin, 8.4 g/dL; WBC, 15,710 cells/mm3; platelet count, 100,000 cells/mm3; INR = 1.49; increased serum levels of aspartate and alanine aminotransferases, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, alkaline phosphatase, direct and indirect bilirubin. Following, the clinical conditions had deteriorated, developing exfoliative dermatitis, shock, generalized edema, acute renal and hepatic failure, pancytopenia, intestinal bleeding, pneumonia, urinary tract infection and bacteremia, needing adrenergic drugs, replacement of fluids and blood product components, and antibiotics. Ten days after admission she started to improve, and was discharged to home at day 39th, after start new supervised treatment for leprosy with clofazimine and rifampicin, without adverse effects. This presentation fulfils the criteria for the diagnosis of dapsone hypersensitivity syndrome (fever, generalized lymphadenopathy, exfoliative rash, anemia and liver involvement with mixed hepatocellular and cholestatic features). Physicians, mainly in geographical areas with high prevalence rates of leprosy, should be aware to this severe, and probably not so rare, hypersensitivity reaction to dapsone.
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PMID:Dapsone hypersensitivity syndrome in an adolescent during treatment during of leprosy. 1565 79

Gastritis cystica polyposa (GCP) is a rare inflammatory disease of the gastric remnant that usually develops after partial gastrectomy. It is defined by the presence of polyps on anastomotic gastric mucosa and at histopathological examination, by the presence of mucosal and submucosal cysts with foveolar hyperplasia. The disease is characterized by the frequency of gastro-intestinal bleeding and possibility of carcinomatous association. We report seven cases of GCP collected over 5 years (1994-1999). Diagnosis was made 9 to 45 years after partial gastrectomy and Finsterer. The patients were 52 to 72 years old. Revealing symptoms were cardiac failure, cardiac ischemia, melena, severe anemia and epigastric pain. For one patient, GCP was discovered casually. Endoscopic examination showed in all patients; the presence of several polyps sized between 3 to 15 mm on the perianastomotic gastric remnant. Histology examination of the polyps showed microscopic features of GCP in all cases. In one patient, there was a mild glandular atrophy with extensive intestinal metaplasia and mild dysplasia. Helicobacter pylori was present only in this case.
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PMID:[Gastritis cystica polyposa: report of 7 cases and literature review]. 1638 3

Our aim was to determine the total blood loss associated with surgery for fracture of the hip and to identify risk factors for increased blood loss. We prospectively studied 546 patients with hip fracture. The total blood loss was calculated on the basis of the haemoglobin difference, the number of transfusions and the estimated blood volume. The hidden blood loss, in excess of that observed during surgery, varied from 547 ml (screws/ pins) to 1473 ml (intramedullary hip nail and screw) and was significantly associated with medical complications and increased hospital stay. The type of surgery, treatment with aspirin, intra-operative hypotension and gastro-intestinal bleeding or ulceration were all independent predictors of blood loss. We conclude that total blood loss after surgery for hip fracture is much greater than that observed intra-operatively. Frequent post-operative measurements of haemoglobin are necessary to avoid anaemia.
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PMID:Hidden blood loss after surgery for hip fracture. 1687 5


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