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Query: UMLS:C0002871 (anemia)
 52,094 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The oxygen parameters in patients in dynamics of early period after surgical stoppage of gastro-intestinal bleeding and urgent intravascular volume replacement have been investigated. The concentration of erythrocyte hemoglobin was the main reason of the change of oxygen transport (DO2) from the lung to exchange vessels. The fluctuations of DO2 was accompanied by unidirectional change of the integrated value of oxygen consumption (VO2), even in cases of normal level of the blood lactic acid. The lactate concentration changed independent of DO2. That is the reason why the absolute critical threshold of oxygen transport could not be revealed. In addition, we have considered the change of oxygen parameters depending on the concentration of hemoglobin. The decrease of hemoglobin concentration to 6 g/dl was accompanied by the stepped reduction of DO2, but under its decrease below 6 g/dl no further reduction of DO2 could happen because of hyperdynamic hemodynamic reaction. All this in combination with the possible intensification of anaerobic metabolism from the data of lactate level at the higher hemoglobin concentrations, allowed us to think, that the critical threshold of anemia of 6 g/dl is not absolute for all cases.
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PMID:[A single absolute critical threshold of oxygen transport and anemia in patients with isovolemic hypovolemia]. 930 5

Investigated all links of oxygen homeostasis of patients in early period afterwards surgical stoppage gastro-intestinal bleeding and urgent intravascular volume replacement. Macrodelivery of oxygen (DO2) was reduced in two and more time in comparison with norm predominant in connection with anemia. In spite of the infringement of transport of oxygen through alveolar-capillary membrane (especially in patients with complications and death in early postoperative period), little affected of degree of hemoglobin saturation by oxygen. Despite decrease of erythrocyte zeta-potential, largely expressed in cases of lethal outcome, considerable infringement of passage through microcirculation vessels is fixed was not. The increase of degree of morbidity and anaerobic metabolism in early postoperative period was accompanied of hyperdynamic hemodynamic reaction. The increase of degree of morbidity was accompanied of increase oxygen deficit owing to infringement of oxidoreduction in fabries also.
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PMID:[The patterns of oxygen metabolism in the early posthemorrhagic period]. 946 7

During 1996, 585 patients, aged 55 to 96, were admitted into hospital at the Geriatric Department of Ospedale Maggiore (Turin). Acute confusion was seen in 22.2% of these patients who tended to have more serious clinical condition, were more likely to have chronic cognitive impairment, were treated with a greater number of drugs and suffered more from immobility with pressure ulcer. The confusional state, manifested at admission to Geriatric department, was mostly related with the patient's clinical severity, while the one which developed during hospital stay was linked to situations of physical frailty, as pressure ulcer and low albumin values. The most frequent causes of acute confusional state were acute infectious diseases, heart failure, gastro-intestinal bleeding with secondary anaemia, stroke and dehydration. In many cases the very cause of the acute confusional state could not be identified. Falls, more than 31 days length of stay in hospital and death were more frequent in patients suffering from confusional state. Chronic cognitive impairment, functional dependence, clinical severity and treatment involving a great number of drugs, are the main contributing factors in this syndrome. Thus, a multi-dimensional evaluation which takes into account both clinical-functional and socio-economical aspects, is useful for a correct preventive and diagnostic approach of acute confusional state.
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PMID:[Acute confusion in the geriatric patient]. 967 28

An eight-year-old, sexually intact, male, 37 kg crossbred dog was referred for investigation of two acute episodes of intestinal bleeding and severe anaemia within a five-month period. There was no evidence of coagulopathy or underlying systemic disease. Technetium-labelled red blood cell scintigraphy suggested the colon as the site of bleeding. Colonoscopy identified a focal area of dilated and tortuous mucosal blood vessels. Histopathology of the resected colon revealed vascular ectasia (angiodysplasia). At nine months post-resection, the dog remained healthy and free of any overt intestinal haemorrhage.
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PMID:Intestinal haemorrhage associated with colonic vascular ectasia (angiodysplasia) in a dog. 1009 39

Trained athletes frequently experience low levels of blood haemoglobin (13 to 14 g/100ml in men and 12 g/100ml in women) plus low haematocrit and low ferritin levels. These parameters define the concept of 'sports anaemia'. Low iron levels may be due to mechanical haemolysis, intestinal bleeding, haematuria, sweating, low iron intake or poor intestinal absorption. The resulting decrease in blood gas transport and muscle enzyme activity impairs performance. The concept of sports anaemia can be criticised. Simply measuring the blood levels does not take into account the haemodilution that occurs in athletes because of training. The lack of these measurements makes it difficult to diagnose anaemia or evaluate any treatment. Anaemia is treated by preventing decreased iron stores through a balanced food intake or iron supplements. Self-medications must be discouraged because of intolerance, risk of overdose and many other drug interactions.
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PMID:Anaemia and iron deficiency in athletes. Practical recommendations for treatment. 1036 33

Metastatic melanoma of the small bowel is a pathological entity that is not frequently reported but may present with features of unexplained anaemia. We report a case of a 51-year-old man with occult intestinal bleeding due to metastatic melanoma of the small bowel. Although the diagnosis was somewhat delayed, the patient was managed successfully by small bowel resection. Careful investigation of melanoma patients with gastrointestinal symptoms is important as surgical intervention often results in improved quality of life and survival.
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PMID:Metastatic melanoma of the small bowel as a cause of occult intestinal bleeding. 1055 Sep 59

A case of massive intestinal blood loss from multiple duodeno-jejunal diverticula is described. A 39-year-old man was referred to our hospital because of recurrent bloody stool and worsening anemia. Upper and lower endoscopy, selective abdominal angiography, and radionuclide scanning were performed to seek the cause of the intestinal bleeding, but none of these studies revealed the source of bleeding. Small-bowel barium follow-through examination showed numerous diverticula in the distal duodenum and proximal jejunum. Excision of the duodenal diverticulum and resection of the involved portion of the jejunum cured the patient. On histopathological examination, an ulcerative lesion with an exposed vessel suggestive of the source of bleeding was seen in the resected duodenal diverticulum. Although duodeno-jejunal diverticula are rare, the importance of a careful search for this malformation in a patient with intestinal blood loss is stressed.
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PMID:Multiple duodeno-jejunal diverticula causing massive intestinal bleeding. 1068 Jun 73

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have commonly been associated with upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract side effects including a high incidence of gastric and duodenal ulceration. Recent reports implicate NSAID use and mucosal injury in the small and large intestine. A trend in NSAID development has been an attempt to improve therapeutic efficacy and reduce the severity of upper GI side effects through modified release dosage forms of NSAIDs such as enteric-coating (EC) or sustained release (SR) formulations. It is possible that modified release formulations may increase the exposure of active drug to the mucosa distally to the duodenal bulb, and thereby increase toxicity to distal GI regions where the effects are difficult to monitor. A systematic literature review through Medline, Embase, and Index Medicus was made to identify toxicological effects induced by modified release formulations of NSAIDs in the small and large intestine. An analysis of the identified toxicological effects of these formulations was made. SR and EC NSAID use has been associated with both small and large intestinal bleeding, anaemia, strictures, ulcerations, perforations, and death. Modified release NSAIDs may cause significant morbidity in some patients. NSAID modified release delivery systems are not guarantors of GI safety. Since SR and EC NSAIDs are widely prescribed and some EC products are available without a prescription, heightened awareness of these toxicological manifestations in more distal sites of the GI tact may reduce morbidity.
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PMID:Sustained release and enteric coated NSAIDs: are they really GI safe? 1095 57

Chronic inflammation is a common feature of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) that is gaining increasing attention as a major cause of morbidity and mortality. It is well established that ESRD per se carries a heightened risk of inflammatory disorders and other co-morbid conditions, but it should also be pointed out that dialysis treatment per se can bring additional risk factors for inflammation, such as impure dialysate or bio-incompatible membranes. Inflammation has recently been associated with atherosclerosis and malnutrition in ESRD, and this link has led to the development of the malnutrition, inflammation, atherosclerosis (MIA) hypothesis. This describes a syndrome whereby raised levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (such as IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-alpha) are a common link between malnutrition, inflammation and atherosclerosis. Also, anaemia appears to be an important element linking elevated cytokine levels with poor patient outcomes. Several mechanisms for cytokine-induced anaemia have been proposed, including intestinal bleeding, impaired iron metabolism and suppression of bone marrow erythropoiesis and erythropoietin production. These effects suggest that pro-inflammatory cytokines may also be an important cause of lack of response to recombinant human erythropoietin (rh-Epo) therapy. In the light of this putative role of pro-inflammatory cytokines, anti-cytokine agents may prove useful to optimize efficacy of rh-Epo in anaemic chronic renal failure patients. Other potential therapeutic strategies include minimizing exposure to causes of inflammation from various co-morbid conditions, such as persistent infections and chronic heart failure.
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PMID:The role of inflammation in the anaemia of end-stage renal disease. 1159 Feb 55

The authors report a case of acute intestinal bleeding caused by ulcerated segmental ileal dilatation occurring in a 5-month-old infant. The profuse emission of dark red blood per rectum caused acute anemia (Hb 5.3 g/dL). Because of absence of any other sign and symptom and normal plain x-ray, a bleeding Meckel's diverticulum was suspected. Laparoscopy was performed showing the ileal dilatation, and through an enlarged port incision the bowel was exteriorized and resected. Histology results showed an ulcer caused by heterotopic gastric mucosa. The etiopathogenesis and clinical manifestations of segmental intestinal dilatation are discussed.
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PMID:Segmental dilatation of the ileum presenting with acute intestinal bleeding. 1237 70


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