Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0002871 (anemia)
 52,094 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Wegener's Granulomatosis was suspected in a 27-month-old female with a nodular, necrotizing lesion of the nose, diffuse subcutaneous nodules, and erythematous desquamation of the entire body. From 20 months of age on she had a purulent nasal discharge, recurrent infections of the upper and lower respiratory tract, a Coombs positive anemia, and enlargement of the spleen and liver. Treatment with azathioprine and corticosteroids produced transient improvement but three months later a dramatic relapse occurred. Cyclophosphamide was substituted for azathioprine but 10 days later the patient died and the autopsy confirmed the diagnosis of Wegener's Granulomatosis. The early age of onset of the disease may explain the unfavorable outcome, despite treatment with cytotoxic agents.
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PMID:A rapid unfavorable outcome of Wegener's granulomatosis in early childhood. 47 85

The acute intoxication in 4 sheep, due to an extract from a Byssochlamys nivea culture containing patulin is attained by administering per os with a syringe or with an esophagal tube doses of patulin varying from 15 to 50 mg per kg of bodyweight. A dose of 20 mg/kg, given with a syringe, brought on the death of a sheep within 5 hours following the administration, while a dose of 50 mg/kg given by an esophagal tube, only led to some temporary and slight problems. Intoxication brings on such symptoms such as nasal discharge, the stoppage of ruminating, a painful sensitivity in the retro-sternal area, weight loss, and prolonged loss of appetite. With an autopsy, a sero-fibrinous peritoneal exsudate and considerable hemorrhaging in the abomasum can be found. Anatomo-pathological examinations pinpoint lesions in the liver and kidneys. Biochemical examinations revealed hemoconcentration followed by anemia, and a considerable drop in serum proteins. The urea level increases 24 hours after and attains a notable maximum at the 30th hour (50 to 200 per cent). During these acute intoxications, no disorder whatsoever in the nervous system was observed.
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PMID:[Toxins of Byssochlamys nivea Westling. I. Preliminary study of toxicity in sheep]. 102 7

In the US and northern Europe, the prevalence of pregnant syphilitic women is estimated at .1-.6%, while in South Africa it was 7.6% in 1982. In 1978, there 108 cases in the US which increased to 268 reported cases in 1985. The increase of congenital syphilis (CS) by 25% from 1985 to 1988 was attributed to the spread of crack cocaine in the US. The rate was 10.5 cases/100,000 live births in the US during this period, a 21% increase. In contrast, in the Netherlands there were 2.5 cases/100,000 live births during 1982-85. Clinical symptoms appear 3 weeks after birth, but some are present at birth such as hepatosplenomegaly, bloated abdomen, cutaneous lesions, and nasal discharge turning into purulent rhinitis. Anemia occurs in 90% of children with CS. Generalized lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly with hepatomegaly, and syphilitic hepatitis may also occur. Syphilitic skeletal abnormalities include osteochondritis, periostitis, osteomyelitis, and osteitis. Meningovascular syphilis produces nervous system effects. CS complications include nephrotic syndrome and acute glomerulonephritis. Ocular abnormalities are caused by treponemes found in the cornea, sclera, uvea, retina and the optic nerve. Chorioretinitis and iridocyclitis are common ocular lesions. The pathogen Treponema pallidum can be diagnosed by dark field microscopy, by immunofluorescence, or by histopathological examination of silver-stained preparations. Pregnancy women with syphilis are treated with penicillin although failures have been reported after single or 2 or 3 in administrations of 2.4 MU benzathine penicillin and after giving tetracycline in 3rd trimester pregnancy. The CDC recommendation for treating infants with CS is iv 50,000 U/kg penicillin G every 8-12 hours for 10-14 days or im 50,000 U procaine penicillin once daily for 10-14 days. Single administration of 50,000 U/kg benzathine penicillin is recommended for newborn children whose mothers have been treated with erythromycin.
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PMID:Congenital syphilis. 161 61

The clinical and haematological changes which occurred in 18 Bali cattle (Bos javanicus) experimentally infected with Jembrana disease are described. The major clinical signs were an elevated rectal body temperature persisting for 7 days (range 5 to 12 days), lethargy, anorexia, enlargement of the superficial lymph nodes, a mild ocular and nasal discharge, diarrhoea with blood in the faeces and pallor of the mucous membranes. Not all of these changes occurred in all affected cattle. The major haematological changes included leucopenia, lymphopenia, eosinopenia and a slight neutropenia, a mild thrombocytopenia, a normocytic normochromic anaemia, elevated blood urea concentrations and reduced total plasma protein. The mortality rate in the experimentally infected cattle was 17 per cent. The similarity of Jembrana disease to malignant catarrhal fever and to diseases of cattle associated with Ehrlichia is discussed.
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PMID:Studies on experimental Jembrana disease in Bali cattle. II. Clinical signs and haematological changes. 239 47

Sixteen multiparous Holstein cows were allotted randomly to four groups of four cows each. Cows in 1 and 2 were uninfected. Those in 3 received 60,000 and those in 4 received 120,000 Sarcocystis bovicanis sporocysts per os approximately 30 days before the expected onset of lactation to produce nonclinical and clinical infections in 3 and 4, respectively. Combined stresses of infection, parturition, lactation, and high ambient temperatures caused all infected cows to develop clinical illness. Clinical signs included fever, anemia, glossitis, myositis, nasal discharge, hypersalivation, anorexia, and hind limb weakness; two cows died and two others were killed in extremis. Six cows in 3 and 4 developed high Sarcocystis-specific immunoglobulin G1 antibody. Uninfected control cows had no clinical signs and no rising concentrations of antibody against Sarcocystis antigen. When lactation began, cows were milked twice daily, and milk production was recorded for 70 consecutive days. All sarcocystis-infected cows (3 and 4) decreased feed intake and milk production compared with uninfected controls. The Wisconsin Mastitis Test on milk production compared with uninfected controls. The Wisconsin Mastitis Test on milk samples at 1, 2, 4, 8, and 12 wk of lactation did not differ among groups.
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PMID:Effects of sarcocystosis on milk production of dairy cows. 640 75

Twenty-four foals were confirmed to be infected with Rhodococcus equi on a private stud in Zimbabwe over a two-year period. Six mares had foals which were affected in each of the two years. All the foals were febrile and early cases were detected by this pyrexia. Bronchopneumonia was only clinically detectable in advanced cases. In spite of energetic hygiene measures relating to pasture and housing management, the incidence was higher in the second year (23 per cent of foals born) than in the first (15 per cent of foals born). The mean age of the foals was significantly greater in the second year. The immunological status of some of the foals was obtained from zinc sulphate turbidity tests performed at 24 hours old and all the affected foals so tested were considered to have had effective colostral transfer. Clinically, affected foals showed pyrexia, tachypnoea and tachycardia and many had a scanty purulent nasal discharge. Only one animal had diarrhoea which was attributed to enteric infection with R equi. Diagnosis was confirmed by clinical examination, culture of the organism from tracheal aspirates and thoracic radiography and was supported by significant elevations of plasma fibrinogen and platelet and neutrophil counts in all cases. Anaemia was not a major finding in any case. Rifampicin and erythromycin were administered per os and weight-related doses were continued until plasma fibrinogen and the absolute neutrophil and platelet counts had been persistently normal for two weeks. Supportive radiography was obtained in some cases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Rhodococcus equi infection in foals: a report of an outbreak on a thoroughbred stud in Zimbabwe. 843 46

A dense population of Pimelea trichostachya plants (Family Thymelaeaceae) in pasture poisoned a horse herd in southern inland Queensland in October-November 2005. Plant density was 2 to 45 g wet weight/m(2) (mean 16 g/m(2)) from 5 to 69 plants/m(2) (mean 38 plants/m(2)) representing 3 to 20% (mean 9%) of the volume of pasture on offer. Ten of 35 mares, fillies and geldings were affected. Clinical signs were loss of body weight, profound lethargy, serous nasal discharge, severe watery diarrhoea and subcutaneous oedema of the intermandibular space, chest and ventral midline. Pathological findings were anaemia, leucocytopenia, hypoproteinaemia, dilatation of the right ventricle of the heart, dilated hepatic portal veins and periportal hepatic sinusoids (peliosis hepatis), alimentary mucosal hyperaemia and oedema of mesenteric lymph nodes. Cattle grazing the same pasture were affected by Pimelea poisoning simultaneously. Removal of the horses to Pimelea-free pasture initiated recovery. The one other incident of this syndrome, previously only recognised in cattle in Australia, occurred in horses, in South Australia in 2002, with access to a dense Pimelea simplex population.
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PMID:Pimelea trichostachya poisoning (St George disease) in horses. 1747 70

African animal trypanosomosis (AAT) is considered the most important cattle disease in sub-Saharan Africa but its diagnosis in the field is difficult, resulting in inappropriate treatments, excessive delay in treatments and under-treatment. A field study in West Africa investigated the usefulness of anemia in the diagnosis of trypanosomosis. A total of 20,772 cattle blood samples were taken from 121 villages in 3 countries. The average packed cell volume (PCV) of trypanosomosis positive cattle was 23%, versus 28% for negative cattle. In a sub-set of animals, other causes of anemia were investigated showing most of the anemia burden was attributable to trypanosomosis. Anemia was a reasonably accurate indicator of trypanosomosis in the study area, with a sensitivity of 56% and a specificity of 80% and a diagnostic odds ratio of 4.2, the highest of all the signs evaluated (anemia, emaciation, staring coat, lymphadenopathy, fever, lacrimation and salivary or nasal discharge). Having confirmed the usefulness of anemia as a predictor of trypanosomosis, two potential pen-side tests for anemia were evaluated (the first reported trial of their use in cattle), firstly a color chart developed for anemia detection in sheep through visual inspection of conjunctival membranes (FAMACHA) and secondly the Hemoglobin Color Scale (HbCS) developed for assessing hemoglobin levels in human patients by comparing blood drops on filter paper with color standards. In a population of cattle suspected by their owners to be sick with trypanosomosis (n=898) the sensitivity of the HbCS test was 56% and the specificity was 77%, while the sensitivity of the FAMACHA test was 95% and the specificity was 22%. The higher sensitivity but lower specificity suggests the FAMACHA may be useful as a screening test and the HbCS as a confirmatory test. The two tests were also evaluated in cattle randomly selected from the village herd. Using cut-off points to optimize test performance, the HbCS test had a sensitivity of 81% and a specificity of 62% (n=505 cattle), while the FAMACHA had a sensitivity of 92% and a specificity of 30% (n=298 cattle). Recommendations are made for the appropriate use of these tests in the West African region.
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PMID:Comparing FAMACHA eye color chart and Hemoglobin Color Scale tests for detecting anemia and improving treatment of bovine trypanosomosis in West Africa. 1749 80

The study was carried out to detect Theileria annulata, the causative agent of theileriosis, and Babesia bovis, the causative agent for babesiosis, in Friesian cattle by PCR and conventional blood smear examination. One hundred blood samples obtained from diseased Friesian cattle kept on private livestock farms at Pattoki, District Kasur, Pakistan were collected in addition to 20 blood samples obtained from non-diseased animals. The disease manifestations observed clinically included high fever, swelling of sub mandibular and sub scapular lymph nodes, weakness, increased respiration and pulse, anorexia, loss of condition and rough hair coat. Neurologic sign of in coordination was also seen in weak animals. Signs of lacrimation, pale conjunctiva, diarrhoea, dyspnea and frothy nasal discharge were observed in only one animal. Clinically nine animals showed signs of haemoglobinuria. Diagnosis of bovine theileria and babesia species was based on finding many intraerythrocytic piroplasms of both blood protozoa with clinical signs associated with anaemia, lymph node hyperplasia and haemoglobinuria. One hundred samples of ticks were also collected for identification of vector. Results showed that the prevalence of Hyalomma tick was highest (15%) followed by Boophilus (12%), Haemaphysalis (5%) and Rhipicephalus (3%). The blood smear examination showed 21% (21/100) samples positive for blood parasites out of which 66.6% (14/ 21) samples were positive for theileriosis while 42.8% (9/21) were positive for babesiosis. It was also recorded that 66.66% (6/9) samples were positive for B.bigemina while 33.33% (3/9) were positive for B.bovis. The results showed that 60% (60/100) samples were positive for blood parasites by PCR test. Out of these 60% (36/60) were positive for T.annulata while 33.33% (20/60) were positive for babesia. The specificity and sensitivity of PCR test was higher than blood smear examination. The blood parameters in haemoparasites infection were also analyzed and the results showed significant decrease in total erythrocyte count and haemoglobin while MCV, MCH values increased and MCHC was slightly less than normal indicating macrocytic hypochromic anaemia.
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PMID:Identification of ticks and detection of blood protozoa in friesian cattle by polmerase chain reacton test and estimation of blood parameters in district Kasur, Pakistan. 1857 72

An 18-year-old, neutered, male Vietnamese pot-bellied pig (Sus scrofa) was treated for chronic, intermittent nasal discharge and sneezing. The animal was diagnosed with severe periodontal disease (grade IV), an oronasal fistula, and multiple tooth root abscesses via dental examination and computed tomography of the skull. Dentistry was performed, including multiple tooth extractions, and antibiotic therapy was initiated. Eighteen months later, the animal was evaluated for lethargy, anorexia, and a firm, 12 cm x 12 cm mass between the 2 rami of the mandible. Laboratory testing revealed moderate anemia, severe leukocytosis, and hyperglobulinemia. Skull radiographs indicated osteomyelitis of the mandible and soft-tissue swelling. A fine-needle aspirate and biopsy were taken, and results were consistent with squamous cell carcinoma. Treatment with piroxicam and antibiotics was initiated as needed to control signs of pain and secondary infection, respectively. Three months after diagnosis, the pig was euthanized due to cachexia and severe depression secondary to squamous cell carcinoma. On postmortem examination, the right mandibular area contained multiple, coalescing, irregular masses extending from the ramus rostrally to the mandibular canine teeth and ventrally within the intermandibular space, completely obliterating the normal anatomy. An open midshaft fracture was present on the right mandible. On histopathology, the masses were confirmed as locally invasive and destructive squamous cell carcinoma. No evidence of metastasis was noted in regional lymph nodes or in any of the distant sites evaluated.
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PMID:Oral squamous cell carcinoma in a Vietnamese pot-bellied pig (Sus scrofa). 1990 1


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