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Query: UMLS:C0002871 (anemia)
 52,094 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Dose-response relationships between blood lead levels and toxic effects have been evaluated in 160 lead workers in two smelters and a chemicals plant. Blood lead levels ranged from 0.77 to 13.51 mumol/litre (16-280 microgram/dl). Clinical evidence of toxic exposure was found in 70 workers (44%), including colic in 33, wrist or ankle extensor muscle weakness in 12, anaemia (Hgb less than 8.69 mumol/litre (Hb/4) or 14.0 gm/dl) in 27, elevated blood urea nitrogen (greater than or equal to 7.14 mmol/litre or 20 mg/dl) in 28, and possible encephalopathy in two. No toxicity was detected at blood lead levels below 1.93 mumol/litre (40 microgram/dl). However, 13% of workers with blood lead levels of 1.93 to 3.81 mumol/litre (40-79 microgram/dl) had extensor muscle weakness or gastrointestinal symptoms. Anaemia was found in 5% of workers with lead levels of 1.93-2.85 mumol/litre (40-59 microgram/dl), in 14% with levels of 2.90 to 3.81 mumol/litre (60-79 microgram/dl), and in 36% with levels greater than or equal to 3.86 mumol/litre (80 microgram/dl). Elevated blood urea nitrogen occurred in long-term lead workers. All but three workers with increased blood urea nitrogen had at least four years occupational lead exposure, and nine had received oral chelation; eight of this group had reduced creatinine clearance, and eight had decreased renal concentrating ability. These data support the establishment of a permissible biological limit for blood lead at a level between 1.93 and 2.90 mumol/litre (40-60 microgram/dl).
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PMID:Occupational lead poisoning in the United States: clinical and biochemical findings related to blood lead levels. 50 43

Pleural effusion in 37 horses, including 15 acutely affected and 22 chronically affected, was found to be due to a variety of causes, including lymphocarcoma, pulmonary granulomas, coccidioidomycosis, equine infectious anemia, pulmonary abscesses, chronic pneumonia, and primary septic pleural effusion. Age, breed, or sex predilection was not found. Horses with chronic disease had weight loss, increased respiratory rate, dull respiratory sounds in the ventral portion of the thorax, and varying degrees of anorexia. Many horses were anemic. Those acutely affected had respiratory distress or signs of colic and many were anorectic. Most horses with acute primary disease had small volumes of pleural fluid. Culture and cytologic examination of pleural fluid and tracheal washings revealed the causative organism in some instances, but in a number of "primary" cases there were negative results on bacterial culture. The latter cases must be differentiated from other causes of chronic weight loss in the horse.
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PMID:Pleuritis and pleural effusion in the horse: a study of 37 cases. 57 21

internal abdominal abscesses in 25 horses, including 8 horses that died or were euthanatized, were found to be caused by Streptococcus equi, Streptococcus zooepidemicus, or Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis. Breed or sex predilection was not found. Although horses of all ages were affected, those under 5 years of age were more commonly affected. Nearly all of the horses had a history of respiratory catarrh or lymphadenitis. Horses with internal abdominal abscesses also had intermittent, prolonged colic or chronic weight loss. Most horses had increased rectal temperature, increased heart and respiratory rates, and varying degrees of anorexia. Chronic depression anemia, increased plasma fibrinogen concentration, increased total plasma protein with hypergammaglobulinemia, and hypoalbuminemia were prominent clinicopathologic findings. Results of rectal examination or surgical exploration often revealed an abdominal mass. Peritoneal fluid from 14 horses was examined, and the protein content was greater than 2.5 g/dl, with increased numbers of neutrophils. Culture results were negative in all 14 cases, although bacteria were seen intracellularly in 5 cases. Long-term (2- to 6-month) antimicrobial therapy with procaine penicillin G resulted in clinical resolution in most of these animals.
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PMID:Internal abdominal abscesses in the horse: a study of 25 cases. 62 Nov 78

A chronic ileo-colic intussusception of an 8 1/2 year old boy did not cause any abdominal complaints. There was a hypochromic anaemia with iron deficiency; occult blood was found in the stoll. Radiographically the lumen within the intussusceptum was extremely narrowed. Following surgery the anaemia disappeared.
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PMID:["Chronic ileo-colic intussusception without abdominal symptoms" (authors transl)]. 94 72

Clinical, biochemical, haematological and erythrokinetic studies were performed on 63 adult males with prolonged lead exposure. Their most common symptoms and findings were abdominal pain (62%), gingival lead lines (48%), headache and/or dizziness (33%), muscle cramps (32%), anaemia (19%), and fatigue (18%). Colicky abdominal pain (27%) and gingival lead lines correlated with urinary lead excretion. Anaemia was mild, but more frequent in the subjects with the greatest urinary lead excretion. Other associated findings were: higher reticulocyte counts and more basophilic stippling of the RBCs, more sideroblasts and greater erythroid hyperplasia of the bone marrow, more reduction in 51Cr-tagged RBC survival time, smaller RBC mass, a more rapid plasma iron clearance, a greater plasma iron turnover and greater utilization of 59Fe in subjects with urinary lead excretion of greater than 100 microng/day in comparison with the remainder and normal controls. These findings suggest that minimal chronic exposure to lead causes an increased haemolysis with resulting increased production of erythrocytes.
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PMID:Chronic industrial exposure to lead in 63 subjects. I. Clinical and erythrokinetic findings. 103 Aug 53

A 36-year-old woman had for two months experienced progressively more marked diffuse abdominal pain, at times colicky, as well as nausea, vomiting and severe constipation. In addition, paraesthesias and motor weakness developed in the thighs. This was accompanied by a normochromic, normocytic anaemia with a haemoglobin concentration of 9.6 g/l. A short time later her mother and daughter also fell ill with similar symptoms. After symptomatic treatment had failed, secondary coproporphyria due to lead poisoning was found. The poisoning had resulted from criminal contamination of food, especially of cocoa powder, with lead acetate. Raised lead concentrations in serum were found in two other members of the family. In all the patients treatment was undertaken with sodium calcium edetate (20 mg/kg body-weight) in several three-day cycles, achieving a gradual fall in serum lead concentration. When the level had fallen to below 4 mumol/l the symptoms disappeared. Below 3 mumol/l porphyria was no longer demonstrable and the anaemia regressed. It is pointed out that, as lead poisoning may be fatal, it should be considered in the differential diagnosis of acute abdominal colic of unclear cause.
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PMID:[Acute lead poisoning]. 189 43

Myelophthisic pancytopenia was diagnosed in a 10-year-old pony mare with a history of recurring colic and anemia. Physical findings were unremarkable, with the exception of pale mucous membranes. Hematologic analysis revealed nonregenerative pancytopenia. Testing for equine infectious anemia and antiglobulin (Coombs) yielded negative results. The mare was treated with antibiotics, boldenone undecylenate, and corticosteroids, but a regenerative bone marrow response was not seen. Postmortem examination revealed severe myelofibrosis and multiple sites of extramedullary hematopoiesis. Myelophthisic pancytopenia develops when a space-occupying lesion destroys sufficient bone marrow or disturbs marrow architecture, resulting in decreased production capacity. Pancytopenia in the pony of this report resulted from inadequate production of blood cellular components secondary to replacement of the bone marrow by myelofibrosis. Cause of the myelofibrosis was not identified.
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PMID:Myelophthisic pancytopenia in a pony mare. 203 11

Although the toxicity of lead was recognized centuries ago, concern was restricted to overt symptoms: colic, encephalopathy, anemia, or renal disease. Two major reasons for lack of progress in restricting toxicity were that interest was limited to occupational exposures and there was lack of awareness of specific biochemical or metabolic effects. Identification of subclinical effects has been possible the last 15 or 20 years because of the development of sensitive measures to detect cognitive and behavioral changes that are not apparent clinically and because of methods to measure the reduced activity of heme enzymes. This progress was driven by basic and clinical research that resulted in a better understanding of cellular toxicology. The new awareness prompted the lowering of acceptable occupational exposures, as measured by blood lead from 80 to 40 to 60 micrograms/dL range, and the establishment of maximum recommended exposures in children to a blood lead level of 25 micrograms/dL. Lowering the lead content in gasoline has been accomplished by a nearly 50% decrease in average blood levels of persons in the United States (NHANES II data). Current research implicates lead as a contributing etiologic factor in a number of common diseases affecting large portions of the population such as subtle cognitive and neurological deficits, hypertension, congenital malformations, immunotoxicity, and deficits in growth and development. For each of these disorders there may be multiple etiologic factors; the scientific challenge is to develop sensitive methodology to detect the specific role of lead. Other potential subtle health effects include the influence of small amounts of lead on cell proliferation and lead as a cofactor in carcinogenesis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Lead toxicity: from overt to subclinical to subtle health effects. 220 87

Six infants, three of them neonates, were diagnosed as having acute lead poisoning; four of them had acute encephalopathy. All had been given an indigenous preparation, 'Bint Al Zahab' (Daughter of Gold), for abdominal colic and early passage of meconium after birth. Chemical analysis of this powder revealed a lead content of 82.5%. The index case had anaemia with punctate basophilia, dense metaphysial lines on X-ray and markedly raised blood lead levels, arousing a strong index of suspicion for the early diagnosis of subsequent cases. Computerized axial tomography (CAT) scan in three cases showed signs of early cerebral cortical atrophy. The picture of cerebral oedema was absent in the four cases of acute lead encephalopathy. The importance of prevention and the ideal management is discussed.
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PMID:Lead poisoning in infancy--unusual causes in the U.A.E. 243 May 14

A 41-year old man suffered from increasing attacks of colic-like abdominal pain. Laboratory tests revealed only slight anemia. Microscopic evaluation of blood smears was indicative of lead-poisoning. Elevated values for metabolites of heme-synthesis and an elevated lead concentration in blood confirmed the diagnosis. The source of poisoning could be found: lead leaching from a presumed "tin-pitcher" into cherry-brandy. After reduction of the plasmatic lead concentration with sodium-calcium-EDTA the patient became well within days.
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PMID:[[Colic-like abdominal pain, anemia]. 249 71


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