Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0002871 (anemia)
 52,094 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The distinctive aspects of adolescent pregnancy in the U.S. are reviewed under the rubric of the "new morbidity": illnesses caused by social and life-style conditions. Quantitative trends in adolescent pregnancy are reviewed with statistics such as the annual U.S. Pregnancy rate for girls under 15, 5/1000, 4 times as high as Canada, the only other Western nation with a rate over 1/1000. Other countries pinpoint teen pregnancy, not sexual activity, as the key problem. Some social factors that have increased teen pregnancy are earlier menarche, increasing poverty, more single parent households. Determinants of sexually activity can be classed as individual, family and developmental. Individual factors include economic disadvantage, lack of opportunity and hopelessness and other problem behaviors. Family factors include race and female head of family. Development factors include pre- operational thinking, which prevents future planning and may require experience with sex to learn about it, and egocentricism, which implies an imaginary audience and the personal fable that "it will never happen to me." Teen pregnancy entails the medical risks of higher maternal mortality, cephalopelvic disproportion, anemia, toxemia and hypertension, resulting in prematurity and low birth weight. Social detriments are associate with teen childbearing, such as lower educational achievement, lower lifetime work accomplishment and income, larger families, cognitive delays in child development, lower school success and emotional problems for the child and higher risk for neglect and abuse. The cost of just Aid for Families with Dependent Children, Food Stamps and Medicaid for adolescent headed families is over $16 billion per year. The current administration has approached the problem by cutting funds, teaching the immorality of abortion, reducing the contraceptive availability and recommending teenage abstinence. The most effective programs in the U.S. are comprehensive school-based clinics.
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PMID:Pregnancy in adolescents. 266 90

beta-thalassemia major (TM), a chronic, genetically determined hematological disorder, has received little investigation on the psychological aspects of the disease and the psychosocial adjustment of patients with this anemia. In the present study, the aim was to assess the mental capacity, self-image, hopelessness and anxiety displayed by children who suffered from TM, and to investigate the existence of psychiatric disorders in these children. Twenty-five children (16 boys and 9 girls) with TM, 12.0-19.6 years old, from the Hematology Unit of the Department of Pediatrics at the SSK Tepecik Teaching Hospital, were included in the study. Fifteen healthy cases matched for age, sex and socio-economic status were used as controls. The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (or Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale), Offer Self-Image Questionnaire, Beck Hopelessness Scale, Trait Anxiety Inventory, Symptom Check List (revised) and the Family Assessment Device were performed on all patients. Then, the patients were evaluated for a psychiatric disorder by a psychiatrist (according to the diagnostic criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual IV of the American Psychiatric Association). The results for the patients and control cases were compared statistically using Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Self-image was found to be significantly lower in patients with TM than in control cases (P < 0.01). Hopelessness and Trait-Anxiety scores were determined to be significantly higher in patients with TM than in control cases (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05, respectively). Eighty percent of the patients with TM have had at least one psychiatric disorder. As a result, the study showed that most of the patients with TM had severe psychosocial problems. Relying on these data, it was concluded that medical therapy of these patients should be supported with psychological aid and psychiatric treatment.
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PMID:Psychosocial aspects and psychiatric disorders in children with thalassemia major. 924

Although preliminary reports indicate that fatigue is a common symptom of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease, little empirical research has focused on its prevalence or characteristics among patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). We assessed the frequency of fatigue and its medical and psychological correlates, in a cross-sectional survey of ambulatory AIDS patients. Ambulatory patients with AIDS who participated in a study of quality life (N = 427) were classified into fatigue/no fatigue groups based on their responses to fatigue items on the Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale (MSAS) and the AIDS physical symptom checklist. Self-report inventories were also administered to assess psychological distress, depressive symptoms, and overall quality of life. Medical information was elicited through clinical interview and review of medical chart. Fifty-four percent of the patients endorsed both of the fatigue items from the MSAS and the AIDS physical symptom checklists, and were classified as having fatigue. Women were significantly more likely to report fatigue than men (chi square = 5.28, df = 1, P < 0.03), and patients reporting homosexual contact as their transmission risk factor were significantly less likely to report fatigue than were patients reporting injection drug use or heterosexual contact (chi square = 5.13, df = 2, P < 0.03). The presence of fatigue was significantly associated with the number of current AIDS-related physical symptoms [t(425) = 8.00, P < 0.0001], current treatment for HIV-related medical disorders (chi square = 12.51, df = 1, P < 0.0001), anemia [t(174) = -2.35, P < 0.02], and pain (chi square = 36.36, df = 1 P < 0.0001). Patients with fatigue also had significantly poorer physical functioning ability [Karnofsky: t(422) = -6.27, P < 0.0001], as well as greater degree of overall psychological distress and lower quality of life [F(5,418) = 23.79, P < 0.0001], as measured by the Brief Symptom Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory, Beck Hopelessness Scale, Functional Living Inventory for Cancer (modified for AIDS), and the MSAS Psychological Distress Subscale. Fatigue is a common symptom in ambulatory AIDS patients and is associated with significant physical and psychological morbidity.
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PMID:Fatigue in ambulatory AIDS patients. 956 17