Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0002871 (anemia)
 52,094 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Tens of thousands of Cambodian refugees are entering Thailand. Many of the new arrivals are survivors of months of starvation and are critically ill with marasmus, kwashiorkor, beriberi, anemia, malaria, diarrhea, and respiratory diseases. With volunteer medical help, field hospitals are treating patients under primitive conditions that are gradually improving. Based on experience at the Sa Kaeo refugee camp, a brief survey of the nutritional and other diseases likely to be encountered is given for the potential volunteer who may be unfamiliar with tropical medicine.
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PMID:Medical care of Cambodian refugees. 735 64

Prolonged penile prolapse in horses has been reported in association with administration of phenothiazine tranquilizers, trauma, neuropathies, severe general debilitation or exhaustion, starvation, rabies, herpes myeloencephalitis, equine infectious anemia, and purpura hemorrhagica. A 5-year-old gelding was admitted for treatment of prolonged penile prolapse of 12 days' duration that developed after acepromazine maleate was administered to allow examination of a laceration that had resulted in severe blood loss. The horse was sedated, and the penis was replaced in the preputial cavity by use of a combination of massage and bandaging. Treatment was successful, and recovery was complete.
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PMID:Persistent penile prolapse associated with acute blood loss and acepromazine maleate administration in a horse. 929 Aug 25

Diseases in other organs may impair the male reproductive system. Acute critical conditions such as severe trauma, surgery, myocardial infarction, burns, liver failure, intoxication, or starvation are associated with suppression of gonadotropin secretion and secondary hypogonadism. With chronic illnesses, a primary testicular disorder with elevated gonadotropin levels may occur. This may be associated with increased peripheral conversion of androgens to estrogens, resulting in clinical presentation of combined androgen deficiency and estrogen excess. The association of hypogonadism and feminization with cirrhosis of the liver is a classic example. Types of hypogonadism that may occur with chronic anemia, chronic renal failure, chronic spinal cord injury, thyroid diseases, Cushing's syndrome, diabetes mellitus, obesity, HIV infection, neoplasia, and other chronic illnesses are also described. Numerous drugs have side effects on the reproductive system.
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PMID:Reproductive effects of nontesticular illness. 992 10

Seven female and three male common wombats (Vombatus ursinus) collected from forested areas of Victoria (Australia) over a 10 mo period, 10 April 1997 to 22 February 1998 had at least 30% of their skin affected by severe hyperkeratotic sarcoptic mange. Mangy wombats were grazing during the day, could be readily approached, were in poor body condition, and lacked subcutaneous fat. The anterolateral surface of the body was most heavily parasitised with Sarcoptes scabiei var wombati followed by the posterolateral surface, the dorsal region between the ears, the ears, ventral abdomen, medial aspect of the legs, axillary and inguinal areas, and the dorsal midline. Larvae were the most prevalent life-cycle stage followed by eggs, nymphs, females, and males. Mite numbers and the severity of clinical signs, namely thickness of scale crust and the degree of alopecia, were correlated and were symmetrical on each side of the body. Fissuring of crust and skin only occurred when scale crust was present. Bacterial infections occurred in three of 10 wombats within lymph nodes or the pleural cavity. Lymphoid depletion did not occur in lymph nodes or spleens and prescapular lymph nodes contained a greater amount of nuclear debris in germinal centres than non-mangy wombats. Seven wombats had fatty change in their livers. Gonads of mature wombats were not active or had minimal activity. Significant histopathological changes were not seen in the gastrointestinal tract, kidney, brain, myocardium, spleen, thyroid, reproductive tract, and gonads. Hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, and concentrations of hemoglobin, lymphocytes, calcium, glucose, creatinine, total solids, total protein, albumin determined both colormetrically and electrophoretically, and globulins were significantly lower and concentrations of neutrophils, monocytes, phosphorus, urea, glutamate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase and creatine kinase were significantly higher in mangy versus captive wombats. Concentrations of erythrocytes, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, leucocytes, band neutrophils, eosinophils, nucleated erythrocytes, sodium, potassium, chloride, total bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, and gamma glutamyltransferase for mangy wombats were not significantly different from that reported for captive wombats. Hematological and pathological changes in mangy wombats were consistent with anemia, inflammation, and changes seen with starvation.
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PMID:Distribution of life cycle stages of Sarcoptes scabiei var wombati and effects of severe mange on common wombats in Victoria. 1057 22

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a plasma-cell disorder in which malignant plasma cells accumulate in the bone marrow and usually produce a monoclonal immunoglobulin. Usual presenting features of overt MM include recurrent osteolytic lesions, bacterial infections, anemia and renal insufficiency. MM is responsible for about 1 percent of all cancer-related deaths in Western countries. Its epidemiologic pattern remains obscure, and its cause unknown [1]. The presence of somatic mutations within the immunoglobulin genes of myeloma cells indicate that the putative myeloma-cell precursors have been stimulated by antigens within germinal centers and are either memory B cells or migrating plasmablasts. Myeloma cells proliferate slowly in the bone marrow and display a weak apoptotic index in vivo [2]. This suggest that some defects in the apoptotic process could be involved in this neoplasia. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is known to be an essential survival factor of myeloma cells and to protect them from apoptosis induced by different stimuli (e.g. dexamethasone, CD95, serum starvation, gamma-irradiation). More recently, important works have been devoted to the biology of the soluble form of the IL-6R alpha i.e., sIL-6R alpha. These works give IL-6/sIL-6R alpha complex an important role in the biology of IL-6. The purpose of the current review is to emphasize the role of this complex in the pathogenesis of MM.
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PMID:The role of interleukin-6 and interleukin-6/interleukin-6 receptor-alpha complex in the pathogenesis of multiple myeloma. 1112 96

Achievement of Health-for-All, whereby people everywhere throughout their lives, have the opportunity to reach and maintain the highest attainable level of health is impossible whilst hunger, starvation, and malnutrition remain. Malnutrition covers a broad spectrum of ills, including undernutrition, specific nutrient deficiencies, and overnutrition; and it kills, maims, retards, cripples, blinds, and impairs human development on a truly massive scale worldwide. In the developing world in 1995, of the estimated 10.4 million deaths among children under 5 years of age, protein-energy malnutrition was an associated and causative factor in 5.1 million of these deaths (i.e. 49%). On the other hand, evidence has recently been compiled suggesting that of the more than 10 million cases of cancer that occurred in 1996, an estimated 30-40% (3-4 million every year) are preventable by feasible, appropriate diets, and by physical activity and maintenance of appropriate body weight. Malnutrition affects all age groups across the entire lifespan. From the moment of conception, throughout foetal life, iodine, folate and intrauterine nutrition have a profound influence on development, growth, morbidity, mortality, not only in utero and in early infancy, but on morbidity, physical and mental capacity throughout life. Despite significant improvements in world food supplies, health conditions, and availability of educational and social services, no population escapes malnutrition's grasp. All countries have significant population groups with some form of debilitating malnutrition. Malnutrition worldwide, includes a spectrum of nutrient-related disorders, deficiencies and conditions including the following major public health problems; Intrauterine growth retardation, protein-energy malnutrition, Iodine deficiency disorders, Vitamin A Deficiency, Iron Deficiency Anaemia and Overweight and Obesity (WHO, Website).
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PMID:The emerging importance of dietary lipids, quantity and quality, in the global disease burden: the potential of aquatic resources. 1200 80

Cancer cachexia is a syndrome characterised by a marked weight loss, anorexia, asthenia and anaemia. In fact, many patients who die with advanced cancer suffer from cancer cachexia. The cachectic state is invariably associated with the presence and growth of the tumour and leads to a malnutrition status due to the induction of anorexia or decreased food intake. In addition, the competition for nutrients between the tumour and the host leads to an accelerated starvation state which promotes severe metabolic disturbances in the host, including hypermetabolism which leads to an increased energetic inefficiency. Although, the search for the cachectic factor(s) started a long time ago, and although many scientific and economic efforts have been devoted to its discovery, we are still a long way from knowing the whole truth. The main aim of the present review is to summarise and evaluate the different catabolic mediators (both humoural and tumoural) involved in cancer cachexia since they may represent targets for future promising clinical investigations.
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PMID:Cancer cachexia: the molecular mechanisms. 1256 1

Moderate hematologic abnormalities, like anemia or leukopenia, are frequently seen in anorexia nervosa, whereas pancytopenia and bone marrow abnormalities are uncommon. We report a case of tricytopenia with gelatinous bone marrow transformation in anorexia nervosa. Marrow gelatinous transformation (also called serous fat atrophy or starvation marrow) is characterized by the association of marrow hypoplasia and interstitial infiltration of a ground gelatinous substance (acidic mucopolysaccharides). Changes in peripheral blood cell counts are various and moderate, and do not always reflect the severity of bone marrow damage. The pathogenesis is not yet well elucidated but is certainly related to the nutritional status because gelatinous bone marrow transformation is found in anorexia nervosa and in other clinical situations with cachexia. Gelatinous transformation of the marrow is reversible with feeding.
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PMID:[Gelatinous bone marrow transformation in anorexia nervosa]. 1579 82

During World War II, 36 conscientious objectors participated in a study of human starvation conducted by Ancel Keys and his colleagues at the University of Minnesota. The Minnesota Starvation Experiment, as it was later known, was a grueling study meant to gain insight into the physical and psychologic effects of semistarvation and the problem of refeeding civilians who had been starved during the war. During the experiment, the participants were subjected to semistarvation in which most lost >25% of their weight, and many experienced anemia, fatigue, apathy, extreme weakness, irritability, neurological deficits, and lower extremity edema. In 2003-2004, 18 of the original 36 participants were still alive and were interviewed. Many came from the Historic Peace Churches (Mennonite, Brethren, and Quaker), and all expressed strong convictions about nonviolence and wanting to make a meaningful contribution during the war. Despite ethical issues about subjecting healthy humans to starvation, the men interviewed were unanimous in saying that they would do it all over again, even after knowing the suffering that they had experienced. After the experiment ended, many of the participants went on to rebuilding war-torn Europe, working in the ministries, diplomatic careers, and other activities related to nonviolence.
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PMID:They starved so that others be better fed: remembering Ancel Keys and the Minnesota experiment. 1593 Apr 36

Intramuscular injections (10 mg) of prostaglandin F2alpha were administered to 19 pregnant sows in one herd on either the 112th or 113th day of gestation and a similar number of untreated sows served as controls. Induced sows for up to 6h after injection generally showed more walking, drinking defaceating and postural changes. Over the last 20 h prepartum they spent more time lying and urinated more frequently. Mean interval from injection to onset of parturition in treated sows was 24.5 h and 16 of them commenced farrowing during the working day, compared with 6 in the control group. Induction of parturition did not influence litter size at birth, piglet body-weights at birth or 14 days of age, the incidence of the mastitis, metrititis agalactae syndrome, re-breeding interval of the sow or size of the subsequent litter at birth. Farrowing time was significantly longer (6.48 h v 4.08 h) for treated sows and litter pre-weaning mortality was higher but not significantly so. Most piglet deaths in each group resulted from overlaying or starvation but mortality from anaemia and septicaemia occurred only in the treated group. It is considered that the technique could have practical application on well-managed intensive pig units.
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PMID:The induction of parturition in sows using prostaglandin F2alpha. 1603 Aug 58


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