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Query: UMLS:C0002871 (anemia)
 52,094 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

MRI imaging can provide useful informations as to the status of the brain stem and spinal cord in patients with rheumatoid cervical spine disease. Especially MRI made it possible to visualize the soft tissue mass in the cranio-vertebral joints. However, as far as we know, there is no report describing the pathology of the soft tissue mass diagnosed by MRI. We would like to report an operated case of RA, showing that the soft tissue mass was verified as the so-called rheumatoid pannus in the field of pathology. A 67-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital because of tetraparesis and anterior limitation of neck movements. She had been suffering from rheumatoid arthritis for 17 years. On admission, her consciousness was alert. Cranial nerves were normal except for swallowing disturbance, hoarseness, weakness of neck and tongue muscles. Muscle weakness with atrophy was observed on both upper and lower extremities. Pain and touch sensations were involved below the C3 spinal levels. Laboratory examination showed mild degree of anemia, positive RA test and 40 times value of antinuclear antibody. Brain CT and cerebro-spinal fluid were normal. X-ray of cranio-vertebral joints showed erosive and sclerotic changes of the atlas and odontoid process. Metrizamide CT myelography revealed that C1 spinal cord or medulla was compressed and flattened. A soft tissue mass surrounding the odontoid process was revealed by MRI with Toshiba 0.15 tesla apparatus, showing low signal intensity on T1 image, and low and partially high signal intensity in T2 image. The first operation was done with laminectomy and posterior fusion of occipital bone and C2 spinal process.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Magnetic resonance imaging of rheumatoid pannus in cranio-vertebral synovial joints--report of an operated case]. 240 Nov 18

Over a 20 year period, 64 patients with primary neoplasms of the small intestine were treated by celiotomy (61 patients) or surgical endoscopy (3 patients). Gastrointestinal bleeding and anemia (38 percent of patients) characterized benign lesions, whereas pain (42 percent), nausea and vomiting (26 percent), weight loss (29 percent), and either gastrointestinal obstruction or jaundice (18 percent) were more indicative of malignancy. Barium studies, duodenal endoscopy, and selective angiography were the most useful diagnostic tools. All 26 patients with benign lesions did well after resection, whereas the 38 patients with malignancies did poorly despite apparently curative wide excision in 19 and pancreaticoduodenectomy in 6. Only the patients with malignant carcinoid lesions treated surgically and by chemotherapy had a good 5 year survival rate (60 percent). All patients with sarcomas and adenocarcinomas died from their disease. Major operations and chemotherapy gave fair outcomes in only a minority of patients who had no evidence of metastasis. These results document the need to suspect small intestinal neoplasms earlier and to perform more aggressive diagnostic workups in patients with vague gastrointestinal symptoms.
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PMID:Primary neoplasms of the small intestine. 242 26

A nurse-researcher used anthropological techniques to compare culturally specific methods used by Fijians and Indians living in Fiji during childbirth to control aid and to diminish the injury risk to both mother and infant. She also investigated how mothers react to pain. Fijian mothers preferred the extensive traditional caring patterns of the community and of relatives during pregnancy and childbirth to medical care. They learned from where infants come, pregnancy, labor, and delivery when still very young. Their natural view of childbirth, the social and kinship support systems, and community prenatal care readied them for delivery. Thus they could anticipate the pain of childbirth. On the other hand, modesty and the desire to hide pregnancy resulted in delayed prenatal care for Fiji-Indian women. They went to the hospital either at the first hint of labor or very late in labor and were panicky during delivery since no one had told them about the mechanics of labor and delivery and no support systems or traditional prenatal and intrapartum care existed. Thus they tended to cooperate with the nurse. Fiji-Indian women did not support systems in place after delivery, however. These cultural differences in response to childbirth have contributed to differences in maternal and infant morbidity and mortality. For example, despite universal health care in Fiji, infant mortality for Fijians in 1976 was 37 vs. 54 for Fiji-Indians. The early neonatal mortality rates were 15.2 and 32.8, respectively. Maternal mortality among Fiji Indians was 26% higher than that of Fijians. In addition, anemia was 89% higher among pregnant Fiji-Indians. Anemia caused 12% of maternal deaths and may have contributed to 37% more deaths attributed to hemorrhage and hypovolemic shock. Preeclampsia occurred n 7% of Fiji-Indians compared with only 2.4% in Fijians.
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PMID:Cultural variation in behavioral response to parturition: childbirth in Fiji. 248 27

Efficacy and practicability of a defined dosage scheme for interferon gamma was proved during one year's treatment in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Interferon gamma was well tolerated. It was effective in improving blood sedimentation rate, anemia, leucocytosis and thrombocytosis as well as clinical parameters such as pain, mobility, swollen joints and morning stiffness. Concomitant medication with corticosteroids could be reduced.
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PMID:[Interferon gamma in the treatment of chronic polyarthritis. Long-term therapy in clinical practice]. 250 69

Brain and blood iron deficiency (ID) can be nutritionally induced. Significant behavioral and brain-biochemical changes are observed in rats rendered iron deficient, including complete reversal of the circadian cycles of motor activity, changes in thermoregulation and stereotyped behavior, and an increased pain threshold. The increase in pain threshold is affected by diurnal factors and peripheral treatment with beta-endorphin has a significant analgesic effect, implicating selective changes in the blood-brain barrier. These effects along with modifications in responses to dopaminergic drugs, interactions of ID with neuroleptic drugs, and modifications in behavior as a result of selective brain lesions, lead to two conclusions: this animal model is appropriate for human anemia and the best explanation for the variety of behavioral and brain biochemical changes in ID rats is that the principal effect of brain ID is a selective decrease in the functional level of the dopaminergic D2 system.
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PMID:Brain iron: a lesson from animal models. 257 May 24

The records of 15 dogs diagnosed as having juvenile cellulitis (juvenile pyoderma, puppy strangles) were evaluated for clinical, laboratory, and therapeutic results. Mandibular lymphadenopathy was observed in 14 dogs, and was not associated with skin lesions in 5 dogs. Edema, pustules, papules, or crusts were noticed periorally, periocularly, on the chin or muzzle, or in the ears of those dogs with skin lesions. Eight dogs were lethargic; fever and anorexia were inconsistent findings. Four dogs had signs of pain on manipulation of their joints. Complete blood counts revealed leukocytosis with neutrophilia in 4 dogs, and normocytic, normochromic anemia in 6 dogs. Three dogs had suppurative lymphadenitis with many neutrophils. Cytology of the aspirate of pustules or abscesses in 6 dogs revealed many neutrophils without bacteria. Coagulase-positive Staphylococcus spp were isolated from draining lesions in 2 dogs. Intact abscesses and lymph nodes were negative for bacterial growth in 4 dogs. Three of these dogs were being administered antibiotics at the time of bacterial culturing. Cytology of the aspirates of joints in 3 of the 4 dogs with joint pain revealed suppurative arthritis with no bacteria, and the aspirates were negative for bacterial growth on culturing, although all 3 dogs were being administered antibiotics at the time of culturing. Of 12 dogs initially treated with antibiotics, only 4 (33%) responded favorably; the other 8 dogs were then given antibiotics and corticosteroids. Three dogs were initially given antibiotics and corticosteroids. All dogs treated concurrently with antibiotics and corticosteroids responded favorably. One of these dogs had a relapse after treatment was discontinued. The concurrent arthritis in 4 of the dogs resolved with treatment of the juvenile cellulitis and did not redevelop once the medication was discontinued. Concurrent treatment with antibiotics (cephalosporins) and prednisone (2.2 mg/kg of body weight/day) was the most consistently effective treatment in the dogs in this study.
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PMID:Juvenile cellulitis in dogs: 15 cases (1979-1988). 259 49

A markedly anaemic, haemodialysis patient with a mixed deficiency of erythropoietin (EPO) and iron developed a life-threatening worsening of anaemia during an episode of severe rectal bleeding. Despite frequently recurring episodes of considerable ischaemic cardiac pain, the patient's religious conviction did not permit blood transfusion. Consequently, combination therapy with both recombinant human EPO (rhEPO) and oral iron was instituted. In this haemodialysis patient, the vitally significant replacement therapy of rhEPO and iron was followed by a steady and uncomplicated restoration of subnormal hematocrit and complete disappearance of cardiac ischaemia.
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PMID:Vital indication for erythropoietin in a chronic haemodialysis patient. A case report. 261 27

The case of a 13 year old girl is presented, who developed intense pain in extremities and experienced marked weight loss after an acute upper respiratory tract infection. Roentgenograms revealed a diffuse periosteal reaction, most intensely affecting long bones. Principal laboratory findings were a slight normocytic, normochromic anemia; high erythrocyte sedimentation rate; medullar plasmocytosis and dysproteinemia, with a large increase in plasma gammaglobulin concentration. Clinical recovery and normalization of roentgenograms and laboratory parameters were observed eleven months after the acute episode, with no intervening therapeutic measures. This case matches Goldbloom's syndrome, described originally in two children in 1966. Only 3 other cases have been reported in the literature.
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PMID:[Transient idiopathic periosteal hyperostosis with hyperproteinemia (Goldbloom syndrome)]. 263 64

About 120,000 infants are born each year with sickle cell disease (SCD) in Africa. The majority have Hb SS, but Hb SC and Hb S/beta+ thalassaemia are common in west Africa. The development of Plasmodium falciparum and P. malariae is partially inhibited in the Hb SS red cells, but malaria precipitates both haemolytic and infarctive crises, and is the commonest and most important cause of morbidity and mortality. The pneumococcus is likely to be the second major infectious cause of sickness and death. In one rural community, there were less than 2% of the expected number of subjects with SCD surviving beyond 5 years of age. Genetic factors improving prognosis include (1) the Senegal beta chain haplotype, which is linked to a high level of Hb F, and (2) alpha+ thalassaemia. Of environmental factors improving prognosis, the family is of first importance. The commonest age of presentation is 1-3 years. Children present with anaemic crises (malaria, splenic sequestration, folate deficiency, and possibly aplastic), infarctive crises (hand-foot syndrome, bone-pain, pulmonary and abdominal) or acute infections (malaria, pneumonia, septicaemia, meningitis, osteomyelitis). Tragically, many patients in central Africa have been infected by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) through blood transfusions; they present with generalised lymphadenopathy and other features of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The principles of management are (1) to ensure freedom from malaria, (2) to continue folic acid supplements, (3) to give blood transfusions only when anaemia endangers life, (4) to control pain, (5) to restore hydration, and (6) to prescribe broad spectrum antibiotics in large dosage and without delay, but only when there are definite indications, such as fever (greater than 39 degrees C), acute pulmonary disease, meningitis, and acute osteomyelitis. The advent of HIV and AIDS makes the control of SCD of even greater importance. Principles of control are (1) early diagnosis through appropriate laboratory techniques and selective screening, (2) education of parents, patients, health professionals and public, and (3) the maintenance of health at sickle cell clinics; measures must include antimalarial prophylaxis. SCD programmes should be integrated with primary health care and AIDS control programmes.
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PMID:The presentation, management and prevention of crisis in sickle cell disease in Africa. 265 Jul 73

Clinical details and present day problems encountered in 425 cases of falciparum malaria (PF) are reported. 10.11% had taken chloroquine prior to reporting to us. Parasitic count done in 23.05% cases lacked correlation with severity of disease. Pattern of fever varied markedly but 5.4% were afebrile throughout and presented only with bodyache and malaise. Apyrexial spell was noted in 5.64%. 28.70% had typical facial looks of anaemia and sallow complexion. Cerebral symptoms were noted in 3.05%. Other symptoms were severe headache 33.4%, pain abdomen 3.29%, gastroenteritis 5.64%, jaundice 2.58% and bronchitis in 7.50%. We encountered subconjunctival haemorrhages with purpura and/or urticaria in four cases, symptoms suggestive of shock lung in 3, pulmonary oedema in 2, severe anaemia (HB less than 4 g%) in seven pregnant ladies, extrapyramidal symptoms in follow up period in 5 and congenital malaria in 2 cases. 83.25% were cured with chloroquine and oxytetracycline. 8.47% (who deteriorated despite the above treatment) were treated with quinine for 6 days. 5.17% (with severe disease) were also given quinine as first line drug. 2.82% (unresponsive to chloroquine and oxytetracycline but with mild disease) were treated with pyrimethamine-sulphamezathine combination for 5 days. One case who did not respond to quinine was treated with quinidine. Recrudescence was seen in 3.67% of patients treated with chloroquine and oxytetracycline. There was no case with renal failure, haemolysis due to G6PD deficiency and black water fever. There was only one death (0.23%) in our series. Self-medication, haphazard therapy and the slogan "Fever may be malaria-take chloroquine" can lead to problems in falciparum malaria.
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PMID:Falciparum malaria--present day problems. An experience with 425 cases. 269 36


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