Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0002871 (anemia)
 52,094 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Subcutaneous erythropoietin (SCEPO) is considered to be more effective than intravenously administered erythropoietin. Patient compliance with SC injections will be important in long-term therapy as there have been reports of pain associated with SCEPO. A double-blind randomized study was performed upon 18 ESRD hemodialysis patients receiving regular subcutaneous erythropoietin replacement therapy for treatment of their anemia. The study involved pain assessment by a visual analogue scale VAS and a verbal descriptive scale VDS following 2 subcutaneous injections of preparation A: rhEPO 2000 IU in 1 ml (Cilag), preparation B: rhEPO 2000 IU in 1 ml (Boehringer Mannheim) and 0.9% saline 1 ml (placebo) over a two-week period. The injections were all administered by the same person and replaced the normal EPO injections for the patient during the study period. Results by VAS and VDS based upon 107 responses showed that preparation A was significantly more painful than preparation B (p less than 0.001) or saline (p less than 0.01). An unexpected finding was that preparation B was less painful than the placebo for VAS (p less than 0.05). It seems unlikely that the erythropoietin itself was responsible for the difference. Further work will be necessary to determine the pain causing factor in preparation A, and the possible local anaesthetic factor in preparation B.
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PMID:Experience of pain after subcutaneous administration of different preparations of recombinant human erythropoietin: a randomized, double-blind crossover study. 176 41

This literature review compares the merits and disadvantages of the levonorgestrel-releasing IUD made by Leiras Pharmaceuticals, Turkey, Finland (LNG-IUD-20), with the Nova-T, Copper-T (TCu) and 220C, and Copper-T-38-Ag (TCu-380Ag). This IUD releases 20 mcg levonorgestrel daily from a Silastic sleeve on the vertical shaft containing 52 mg. The plasma level stabilized after a month at about 0.2 ng/ml, about half as high as that seen with Norplant implants. It is identical in size to the Nova-T. The Cu-T IUDs differ with respect to copper wire or sleeves, or silver-cored wire. The chief studies reviewed here were 2 multi-center trails primarily in European countries, and a 2 large multi-center trials in India. Cumulative pregnancy rates were 0.0 to 0.6 per 100 users for the LNG IUD, compared to slightly higher failures for inert or copper IUDs. While removal rates for bleeding, pain and pelvic inflammatory disease were lower for the LNG-IUD-20, removals for oligomenorrhea, amenorrhea and hormonal side effects were higher than for the other IUDS. In the Indian trials, removals for amenorrhea and irregular bleeding were much higher than rates reported in the European studies, resulting in significantly lower continuation rates overall. The results pointed to district benefits for the LNG-IUD-20, such as lower blood loss and anemia, relief of dysmenorrhea and menorrhagia, as well as possible lower risks of ectopic pregnancy in case of failure, less PID (pelvic inflammatory disease), and the claim by the maker that strictly correct placement is not necessary. Disadvantages of the LNG-IUD-20 are more difficult insertion due to the wider diameter; oligomenorrhea, amenorrhea and irregular bleeding; hormonal side effects such as acne, weight gain, nausea, headache and breast tension; and potential risk of functional ovarian cysts. The LNG-IUD-20 is considered comparable to copper IUDs in effectiveness, safety, longevity, and return to fertility after removal. Users should be counseled that the oligomenorrhea or amenorrhea is neither a medical problem or indicative of infertility, is common for the 1st 2 months, is reversible on removal, may signal an improved hemoglobin profile, relief of dysmenorrhea, and may be preferred to heavy bleeding from other IUDS. The program implications of this IUD are potential lower incidence of ectopic pregnancy and PID. The effect of its use on breast feeding, cost-effectiveness compared to Norplant, in-country manufacture, and cultural acceptance need to be determined in specific locales.
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PMID:An evaluation of the levonorgestrel-releasing IUD: its advantages and disadvantages when compared to the copper-releasing IUDs. 177 15

Our medical team conducted the percutaneous renal biopsy, using an aspirating biopsy needle (Vacu-Cut) in 101 cases, and an automatic biopsy needle (Biopty-Cut) in 82 cases. Thereafter, we examined the usefulness of the two types of needles in comparison with that of Tru-Cut used in 101 cases. The test confirmed that in the cases of Vacu-Cut, 7.6 glomeruli (p less than 0.01), on the average, existed in LM specimen; 9.0 glomeruli (ns), Biopty-Cut, and 10.7 glomeruli, Tru-Cut, respectively. However the incidence of cases containing more than 5 glomeruli was not significant statistically between Vacu-Cut/Biopty-Cut and Tru-Cut. The incidence that each type of needles obtained more than one glomerulus in IF specimen was as follows: 73.3%, Vacu-Cut (p less than 0.05), 81.7%, Biopty-Cut (ns), 87.1%, Tru-Cut, respectively. As for in EM specimen, 61.4%, Vacu-Cut (ns), 67.1%, Biopty-Cut (ns), and 70.3%, Tru-Cut, respectively. As for complications, in the cases of Vacu-Cut and Biopty-Cut, gross hematuria and post-biopsy pain occurred in 6.9 to 9.8% (p less than 0.01- p less than 0.05), whereas in Tru-Cut, they occurred in 20.7 to 24.8%. As for blood pressure lowering (less than 90 mmHg) and anemia (the cases in which blood transfusion was required), 0%, Vacu-Cut and Biopty-Cut, 2 to 3%, Tru-Cut, respectively. As for fever, Vacu-Cut 0%, Vacu-Cut (p less than 0.01), 3.7%, Biopty-Cut (ns), and 7.9%, Tru-Cut, respectively. The above findings lead to conclusion that both Vacu-Cut and Biopty-Cut are useful instruments for renal biopsy.
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PMID:[Study on usefulness of an aspirating biopsy needle (Vacu-Cut) and an automatic biopsy needle (Biopty-Cut) for renal biopsy--comparison with a Tru-Cut biopsy needle]. 180 62

Carboplatin, a new analogue of cisplatin, was administered into the serous cavity in nine primary lung cancer patients with malignant effusion, consisting of six malignant pleural effusions, two malignant pericardial effusions and one malignant ascites. Clinical effects, toxicities and pharmacokinetics were studied. The doses of carboplatin were 300 mg/m2 in seven patients, 200 mg/m2 in one patient and 1,100 mg/body in one patient. In seven evaluable patients, consisting of four non-small cell lung cancers and three small cell lung cancers, the response rate was 85.7% with 3 CR cases, 3 PR cases and 1 NR case. As toxicities, thrombocytopenia was observed in 57.1%, leukopenia in 57.1%, anemia in 71.4%, anorexia in 42.9%, nausea or vomiting in 28.6%, and low grade fever in 14.3%. However local pain, renal or liver dysfunction were not observed. The pharmacokinetics of free platinum concentration was analyzed with a two-compartment model (t1/2 beta = 18.60 hours) and 14.8% of total platinum remained free in effusion 24 hours after intracavitary administration. A high level of free platinum in effusion was maintained over a long period after carboplatin administration. This method was considered to be effective for the treatment of malignant effusion from the viewpoint of pharmacokinetics and less toxicity.
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PMID:[Evaluation of carboplatin administration into the serous cavity in the treatment of malignant effusion]. 187 19

This is a review of the impact of spinal cord injury on female sexuality, which has received far less attention than male sexuality, and on menstruation, contraception and pregnancy, which have been reported more extensively. The few reports of sexuality in women after spinal cord injury suggests a wide range of adaptability, from 40% to 88% of the subjects achieving satisfactory sexual activity. Some women were able to adapt a positive body image and find new ways of stimulation to orgasm, despite altered body shape, bladder and bowel incontinence, spasticity, and lack of sensation often resulting from spinal injury. The pill, vaginal methods, and IUDs are not recommended, but condoms and possibly Norplant, are appropriate for these women. Menstruation, often ceasing for several months after injury, usually resumes. One study reported lack of menstrual pain, others did not. Many spinal injuries women have achieved 1 or more pregnancies. A few cases have been described of successful pregnancy when the injury occurred during gestation, as has 1 intrauterine death that was successfully delivered by induction. Premature cervical dilatation and labor and small-for-dates infants are more common than usual, but spontaneous abortion are not. Some of the typical problems in pregnancy are urinary tract infections, decubiti, anemia, pedal edema, weight transfer problems, thrombophlebitis, TIA episodes, and nausea. A more serious problem is management of labor, especially if the woman cannot perceive labor pains, or cannot bear down. Frequent check-ups and early hospitalization are recommended. A potentially fatal risk in those injured at T6 or above, is autonomic dysreflexia, stimulated by induction, labor, delivery, or even breast feeding. Autonomic dysreflexia can be treated with epidural anesthesia with lidocaine. Induction is contraindicated. Lactation may cease after 3 months or so because of lack of nipple stimulation.
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PMID:The impact of spinal cord injury on female sexuality, menstruation and pregnancy: a review of the literature. 188 48

The endstage in a patient suffering from acute myeloid leukemia secondary to myelodysplastic syndrome was characterized by bleedings, anemia, pain in the upper abdomen and ascites. At autopsy the radicles of the portal veins were occluded by leukemic infiltrates and fibrosis. These lesions block the perfusion of the liver presinusoidally and, together with the anemia (hypoalbuminemia), result in ascites resistant to all therapy.
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PMID:[Stenosis of the terminal portal vein branch in acute myeloid leukemia]. 192 60

A 46 year-old woman with perinephric type of xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis is described. She had a fever and pain with a palpable mass in her right flank. The blood analysis revealed anemia, leucocytosis, gamma-globulinemia, but no hyperlipidemia. The urine analysis showed nothing abnormal, but enterobacter was present in the urine. An intravenous pyelogram demonstrated a right non-functioning kidney. The diagnosis of a perinephric abscess was made from the x-ray and ultrasonogram, and a right nephrectomy was performed. The resected kidney had a tumor-like lump covered with Gerota's fascia at the postero-lateral side of the kidney. The cut surface of the kidney revealed an area of hemorrhage, blood clotting, abscess and a brownish yellow area in the perinephric fat tissue. The calyx and pelvis were normal. Histologically, the brownish yellow area was a granuloma with foam cell infiltration. The foam cells contained lipids. The renal parenchyma showed a non-specific chronic pyelonephritis.
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PMID:Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis, perinephric type--a case report. 194 97

The recognition of polyarteriitis nodosa is a difficult task for the clinician. The extraordinarily varied symptoms of this illness involve mostly general complaints and the mostley combination of some organic symptoms. In their histologically proved seven cases the most frequent original clinical symptoms were the long lasting feverish condition, the loss of body weight as well as numbness and pain of limbs. The anamnesis of three patients involved the asthma bronchiale. The laboratory findings were characterized first of all by an accelerated erythrocyte sedimentation rate and in four cases anaemia has developed. In four cases eosinophilia and in two ones high blood-pressure were observed. The disease-process of their patients is varying; a 30 year old man's death was caused right after the admission to the hospital by an acute myocardial infarction.
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PMID:[7 cases of polyarteritis nodosa]. 197 16

This article describes three cases of jejunal diverticulitis in elderly women, who had presented with pain and tenderness in the periumbilical region or the left side of the abdomen, low-grade fever, anemia, and weight loss. The findings were initially attributed to possible inflammatory or neoplastic lesions of the colon. However, gastrointestinal barium studies and computed tomography (CT) of the abdomen proved crucial in establishing the preoperative diagnosis of jejunal diverticulitis and its associated abscess in the adjacent mesentery or abdominal wall. The clinical and radiological manifestations of this uncommon entity are herein presented along with a brief review of the pertinent literature.
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PMID:Diverticulitis of the jejunum: clinical and radiological features. 199 3

There are three main groups of indications of lower digestive tract endoscopy: (1) endoscopy may be performed to detect adenomatous polyps and thus prevent colorectal cancer by systematic excision of these polyps before they become invasive malignancies; (2) it may also be performed in patients whose symptoms (e.g. pain, diarrhoea or anaemia) may be due to a lesion of the colon. It usually provides evidence of such diseases as colorectal adenocarcinoma, ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, pseudomembranous colitis, post-irradiation colitis, collagen colitis, ischaemic colitis or colonic angiodysplasia; (3) finally, emergency endoscopy can be used in case of rectal haemorrhage, where it is often completed by haemostasis, or in case of volvulus, where it removes the occlusion.
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PMID:[The main indications for lower endoscopies]. 200 76


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